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La Cartografía Mallorquina
''La Cartografía Mallorquina'' ('' Majorcan Cartography '') is a book of essays on the Majorcan portolans written by Professor Julio Rey Pastor with the collaboration of Ernesto García Camarero. It is a scholarly essay, a key element in the study of portolans, especially those made by Majorcans as half of the book is devoted to the study of more than 400 Majorcan portolans existing worldwide. Style of the Majorcan School Rey Pastor before explaining how to identify the works of this school for its unmistakable traits, he says: ''".. In the monumental Periplus of the unsurpassed Adolf Erik Nordenskiöld, I saw with pleasant surprise that the most varicoloured parchments, ornamented with fabulous effigies of monarchs and naive legends, '' written in Catalan '' with lots of information, physical, biological and political, of each region, they originate in Majorca -in an unknown date-, being designated as "catalan maps"... Dr. Julio in his book, gives an explanation of why no Sp ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Julio Rey Pastor
Julio Rey Pastor (14 August 1888 – 21 February 1962) was a Spanish mathematician and historian of science. Biography Julio Rey Pastor studied high school in his hometown, and began his studies in Sciences in Vitoria. He moved to the University of Saragossa, where he found a stimulating environment in mathematics. Zoel García de Galdeano, Professor of Analytical Geometry and Calculus, was the professor who most influenced Rey Pastor’s scientific work. He graduated with honors in 1908. Rey Pastor earned his doctorate from Complutense University of Madrid in 1909, under supervision of Eduardo Torroja Caballé. Between 1911 and 1914, he studied at the University of Berlin and the University of Göttingen, under the supervision of Felix Klein. During that period, he also studied under the supervision of Professors Hermann Schwarz, Friedrich Hermann Schottky (father of Walter Schottky), and Ferdinand Georg Frobenius. His report sent to the Junta para Ampliación de Estudios (J ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Catalan Cartography
"Majorcan cartographic school" is the term coined by historians to refer to the collection of predominantly Jewish cartographers, cosmographers and navigational instrument-makers and some Christian associates that flourished in Majorca in the 13th, 14th and 15th centuries until the expulsion of the Jews. The label is usually inclusive of those who worked in Catalonia. The Majorcan school is frequently contrasted with the contemporary Italian cartography school. Origins The island of Majorca, the largest of the Balearic islands in the western Mediterranean, had a long history of seafaring. Muslim and Jewish merchants participated in extensive trade across the Mediterranean Sea with Italy, Egypt and Tunisia, and in the 14th century their commerce entered into the Atlantic, reaching as far as England and the Low Countries. Ruled as an independent Muslim kingdom through much of the Early Middle Ages, Majorca only came under Christian rule in 1231, albeit retaining its independence ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Navigation
Navigation is a field of study that focuses on the process of monitoring and controlling the movement of a craft or vehicle from one place to another.Bowditch, 2003:799. The field of navigation includes four general categories: land navigation, marine navigation, aeronautic navigation, and space navigation. It is also the term of art used for the specialized knowledge used by navigators to perform navigation tasks. All navigational techniques involve locating the navigator's position compared to known locations or patterns. Navigation, in a broader sense, can refer to any skill or study that involves the determination of position and direction. In this sense, navigation includes orienteering and pedestrian navigation. History In the European medieval period, navigation was considered part of the set of '' seven mechanical arts'', none of which were used for long voyages across open ocean. Polynesian navigation is probably the earliest form of open-ocean navigation; it was ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Nautical Reference Works
Seamanship is the art, knowledge and competence of operating a ship, boat or other craft on water. The'' Oxford Dictionary'' states that seamanship is "The skill, techniques, or practice of handling a ship or boat at sea." It involves topics and development of specialised skills including: navigation and international maritime law and regulatory knowledge; weather, meteorology and forecasting; watchkeeping; ship-handling and small boat handling; operation of deck equipment, anchors and cables; ropework and line handling; communications; sailing; engines; execution of evolutions such as towing; cargo handling equipment, dangerous cargoes and cargo storage; dealing with emergencies; survival at sea and search and rescue; and fire fighting. The degree of knowledge needed within these areas is dependent upon the nature of the work and the type of vessel employed by a seafarer. History Ship knowledge, ship stability and cargo operations Seamanship on a commercial level involve ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
1960 Non-fiction Books
Year 196 ( CXCVI) was a leap year starting on Thursday (link will display the full calendar) of the Julian calendar. At the time, it was known as the Year of the Consulship of Dexter and Messalla (or, less frequently, year 949 ''Ab urbe condita''). The denomination 196 for this year has been used since the early medieval period, when the Anno Domini calendar era became the prevalent method in Europe for naming years. Events By place Roman Empire * Emperor Septimius Severus attempts to assassinate Clodius Albinus but fails, causing Albinus to retaliate militarily. * Emperor Septimius Severus captures and sacks Byzantium; the city is rebuilt and regains its previous prosperity. * In order to assure the support of the Roman legion in Germany on his march to Rome, Clodius Albinus is declared Augustus by his army while crossing Gaul. * Hadrian's wall in Britain is partially destroyed. China * First year of the '' Jian'an era of the Chinese Han Dynasty. * Emperor Xian of ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Rhumbline Grid
A rhumbline network, more properly called, a windrose network, or sometimes also called harbour-finding chart, compass chart, or rhumb chart, is a navigational aid drawn on early portolan charts dating from the medieval to early modern period. This network is like a web (see picture) forming a grid on the map. Before accurate surveying there was no method for measuring longitude at sea so maps possessed many distortions especially in the east west direction. There was also distortion due to the curvature of the Earth's surface. The multitude of compass roses with straight lines extending outwards across the map derived from how the maps were then made by compiling empirical observations from navigators who attempted to follow a constant bearing at sea. To calculate a course to follow from a ship's position to a point of desired destination, one would identify the windrose thought to be closest to the ship's position. Then, using a parallel rule, the "line of course" taken f ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Marine Sandglass
A marine sandglass is a timepiece of simple design that is a relative of the common hourglass, a marine (nautical) instrument known since the 14th century (although reasonably presumed to be of very ancient use and origin). Sandglasses were used to measure the time at sea or on a given navigational course, in repeated measures of small time increments (e.g., 30 minutes). Used together with the chip log, smaller marine sandglasses were also used to measure the boat speed through the water in knots. Although vital to maritime navigation, marine sandglasses were not accurate measuring instruments for the passage of time; many design and environmental factors could affect the duration of sand's flow, and therefore its reported time. Their use continued through the early 19th century, when they were supplanted by reliable mechanical timepieces, and by other advances in marine navigation. Marine sandglasses were very popular on board ships, as they were the most dependable measurement ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Arte De Navegar
Arte (; (), sometimes stylized in lowercase or uppercase in its logo) is a European public service channel dedicated to culture. It is made up of three separate companies: the Strasbourg-based European Economic Interest Grouping ARTE, plus two member companies acting as editorial and programme production centres, ARTE France in Paris (formerly known as La Sept) and ARTE Deutschland in Baden-Baden (a subsidiary of the two main public German TV networks ARD and ZDF). As an international joint venture (an EEIG), its programmes focus on audiences in both countries. Because of this, the channel has two audio tracks and two subtitle tracks, one each in French and German. 80% of Arte's programming is provided by its French and German subsidiaries, each making half of the programmes. The remainder is provided by the European subsidiary and the channel's European partners. Selected programmes are available with English, Spanish, Polish and Italian subtitles online. In January ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Abraham Cresques
Abraham Cresques (, 1325–1387), whose real name was Cresques (son of) Abraham, was a 14th-century Jewish cartographer from Palma, Majorca (then part of the Crown of Aragon). In collaboration with his son, Jehuda Cresques, Cresques is credited with the authorship of the celebrated Catalan Atlas of 1375. Personal life A Majorcan Jew, Cresques was a master map-maker and builder of clocks, compasses, and other nautical instruments. He was a leading member of the Majorcan cartographic school. Abraham Cresques's real name was Eliça (a.k.a. Cresques) son of Rabbi Abraham, son of Rabbi Benaviste, son of Rabbi Eliça. Eliça being the name he would have received when he came of age but known as Cresques of Abraham (Cresques being his personal name, Eliça his religious name, Abraham his patronym), but the order is often flipped in most subsequent literature. His son, Jehuda Cresques, was also a notable cartographer. The Catalan Atlas In 1375, Cresques and his son Jehuda rece ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Próspero De Bofarull Y Mascaró
Prospero de Bofarull y Mascaró (1777, in Reus – 1859) was a Spanish historian and archivist, archivist and director of the General Archive of the Crown of Aragon between 1814 and 1840 and from 1844 to 1849. Biography He has followed studies in Law at the universities of Cervera and Huesca. Moderate liberal and a meticulous person. During the time he was the head of the Archives, he reorganized the Archives and gave them value after a long period of time that they had almost been abandoned. In 1836 he published ''Los Condes de Barcelona Vindicados'' ''(The Counts of Barcelona vindicated)'' and ''Cronología y Genealogía de los Reyes de España Considerados Como Soberanos Independientes de Su Marca (Chronology and Genealogy of the Kings of Spain Considered as sovereign independent of their march)'' which opened the door to serious research on the Catalan sovereigns, and provided extensive unknown data, but over the years some scholars think they have shown them to be inco ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Història De La Marina Catalana
The History of the Catalan Navy is a book written by Arcadi García Sanz that glosses the Catalan Navy, in trade and war, its exploits and conquests, in a historical compilation that covers from Prehistory to this day. It describes the maritime battles, the Catalan sea consulates, to end by detailing aspects of maritime law, being the author a lawyer. Description In addition to explaining, as the title says, the history of the Catalan Navy starts digging in a detailed area especially about the period from the Middle Ages to well into the sixteenth century, detailing the important aspects of the catalan merchant navy, which made Catalonia one of the commercial powers of the Mediterranean. It is not limited to ships, the organization of maritime transport, trade and Catalan maritime law, political events and the war at sea, but culminates the essay by immersing in the study of the men of the sea, helped by the art and science of maritime navigation accomplished by the Catalans. ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Memorias Históricas (Capmany)
'' Memorias históricas sobre la marina, comercio y artes de la antigua ciudad de Barcelona. ''(Historical Records on marine, trade and arts of the ancient city of Barcelona) is a summary paper on the Navy, the trade and the arts of the city of Barcelona, written by the famous Antonio de Capmany y Montpalau. Description It's a monumental magnum opus on the former Barcelona economy, noting the aspects that made the city one of the trading powers of the Mediterranean starting in the Middle Ages until well entered into the sixteenth century: its important merchant marine, strong guild structure and industrial productivity all supported by numerous documents from its archives, many of them unpublished until then. The book was illustrated with cartoons headers and drawn by well-known artists (Camarón, Montaña, etc.) and copper gravures etched mostly by the artist Moles. Antoni Palau comments: ''"..this basic title contains "an arsenal of documents and first-hand data" that compose ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
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