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Lyulin Peak
Lyulin Peak ( bg, връх Люлин, vrah Lyulin, ) is a sharp double peak forming the east extremity of Delchev Ridge and Tangra Mountains, eastern Livingston Island in the South Shetland Islands, Antarctica. The peaks rise to approximately 200 m, have rocky, ice-free slopes and surmount Renier Point. The peaks are named after Lyulin Mountain in Bulgaria. Location The peak is located at which is 7.18 km east-northeast of Delchev Peak, 1.63 km northeast of Mesta Peak and 390 m northeast of Bansko Peak (Bulgarian mapping in 2005 and 2009). Maps * L.L. Ivanov et al. Antarctica: Livingston Island and Greenwich Island, South Shetland Islands. Scale 1:100000 topographic map. Sofia: Antarctic Place-names Commission of Bulgaria, 2005. * L.L. IvanovAntarctica: Livingston Island and Greenwich, Robert, Snow and Smith Islands Scale 1:120000 topographic map. Troyan: Manfred Wörner Foundation, 2009. References Lyulin Peak.SCAR A scar (or scar tissue) is an area of fi ...
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Lyulin Mountain
Lyulin () is a range of hills in western Bulgaria, located several kilometres west of Sofia. The highest point is Dupevitsa Peak (1,256 m). The Buchino Pass divides the hills into two, a western and an eastern part. Bonsovi Polyani are a popular tourist attraction. On the slopes of Liulin are some of the most beautiful quarters of Sofia - Knyazhevo, Gorna Banya and Bankya, known with their mineral springs. Honour Lyulin Peak on Livingston Island in the South Shetland Islands, Antarctica Antarctica () is Earth's southernmost and least-populated continent. Situated almost entirely south of the Antarctic Circle and surrounded by the Southern Ocean, it contains the geographic South Pole. Antarctica is the fifth-largest contine ... is named after Lyulin Mountain. Image:Lyulin-malobuchino-imagesfrombulgaria.JPG, Lyulin near Malo Buchino Image:Lulin.JPG, The easternmost peak of Lyulin Mountain. Image:Lulin2.JPG, A view to the region of Pernik. Image:Lulin7.JPG, Sofia as seen f ...
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Composite Antarctic Gazetteer
The Composite Gazetteer of Antarctica (CGA) of the Scientific Committee on Antarctic Research (SCAR) is the authoritative international gazetteer containing all Antarctic toponyms published in national gazetteers, plus basic information about those names and the relevant geographical features. The Gazetteer includes also parts of the International Hydrographic Organization (IHO) General Bathymetric Chart of the Oceans (GEBCO) gazetteer for under-sea features situated south of 60° south latitude. , the overall content of the CGA amounts to 37,893 geographic names for 19,803 features including some 500 features with two or more entirely different names, contributed by the following sources: {, class="wikitable sortable" ! Country ! Names , - , United States , 13,192 , - , United Kingdom , 5,040 , - , Russia , 4,808 , - , New Zealand , 2,597 , - , Australia , 2,551 , - , Argentina , 2,545 , - , Chile , 1,866 , - , Norway , 1,706 , - , Bulgaria , 1,450 , - , G ...
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Scientific Committee On Antarctic Research
The Scientific Committee on Antarctic Research (SCAR) is an interdisciplinary body of the International Science Council (ISC). SCAR coordinates international scientific research efforts in Antarctica, including the Southern Ocean. SCAR's scientific work is administered through several discipline-themed ''science groups''. The organisation has observer status at, and provides independent advice to Antarctic Treaty Consultative Meetings, and also provides information to other international bodies such as the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) and the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC). History At the International Council of Scientific Unions (ICSU)’s Antarctic meeting held in Stockholm from 9–11 September 1957, it was agreed that a committee should be created to oversee scientific research in Antarctica. At the time there were 12 nations actively conducting Antarctic research and they were each invited to nominate one delegate to ...
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Bansko Peak
Bansko Peak ( bg, Връх Банско, \'vrɣx 'banskɔ\) is a rocky peak in the eastern extremity of the Delchev Ridge in the Tangra Mountains of Livingston Island. The peak was named after the town of Bansko in southwestern Bulgaria. Location The peak is located at , which is 690 m northeast of Karlovo Peak, 500 m east-northeast of Malyovitsa Crag, and 420 m southwest of Lyulin Peak.Bulgarian Antarctic Gazetteer.
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Mesta Peak
Mesta Peak ( bg, връх Места, vrah Mesta, ) is a conspicuous, sharp and narrow rocky peak extending 500 m in east-west direction and rising to approximately 400 m in Delchev Ridge, Tangra Mountains, eastern Livingston Island in the South Shetland Islands, Antarctica. The peak has steep and ice-free slopes and surmounts the east extremity of Sopot Ice Piedmont to the north. The peak is named after the Mesta River in Bulgaria. Location The peak is located at , which is 1.53 km east-northeast of Kaloyan Nunatak, 1.5 km east of Besapara Hill, 1.05 km northeast of Shabla Knoll and 1.86 km southwest of Renier Point Renier Point () is a narrow point forming the east extremity of both Burgas Peninsula and Livingston Island in the South Shetland Islands, Antarctica. The feature was known to sealers as Point Renier as early as 1821. The name ‘Pin Point’ .... Maps * L.L. Ivanov et al. Antarctica: Livingston Island and Greenwich Island, South Shetla ...
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Delchev Peak
Delchev Peak ( bg, Делчев връх, Delchev vrah, ) is the summit of Delchev Ridge, Tangra Mountains, Livingston Island and rises to approximately 940 m. The peak surmounts Iskar Glacier to the west, Sopot Ice Piedmont to the north, and Ropotamo Glacier to the south. The peak is "named after Gotse Delchev (1872–1903), leader of the Bulgarian liberation movement in Macedonia". Location The peak is located at which is 7.2 km east-northeast of Great Needle Peak (Falsa Aguja), 3.2 km southeast of Rila Point and 7.6 km west-southwest of Renier Point. Delchev Peak in popular culture The cover of the VA album ''Under Heaven: Vinson Massif (2010)'' actually features a photo not of Vinson Massif but of eastern Tangra Mountains instead, with Mugla Passage and Vaptsarov Peak in the foreground, and Elena Peak (left) and Delchev Peak (right) in the background. Both the picture and the misidentification may have possibly originated in the ‘Vinson Massif’ entry o ...
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Bulgaria
Bulgaria (; bg, България, Bǎlgariya), officially the Republic of Bulgaria,, ) is a country in Southeast Europe. It is situated on the eastern flank of the Balkans, and is bordered by Romania to the north, Serbia and North Macedonia to the west, Greece and Turkey to the south, and the Black Sea to the east. Bulgaria covers a territory of , and is the sixteenth-largest country in Europe. Sofia is the nation's capital and largest city; other major cities are Plovdiv, Varna and Burgas. One of the earliest societies in the lands of modern-day Bulgaria was the Neolithic Karanovo culture, which dates back to 6,500 BC. In the 6th to 3rd century BC the region was a battleground for ancient Thracians, Persians, Celts and Macedonians; stability came when the Roman Empire conquered the region in AD 45. After the Roman state splintered, tribal invasions in the region resumed. Around the 6th century, these territories were settled by the early Slavs. The Bulgars, led by Asp ...
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Renier Point
Renier Point () is a narrow point forming the east extremity of both Burgas Peninsula and Livingston Island in the South Shetland Islands, Antarctica. The feature was known to sealers as Point Renier as early as 1821. The name ‘Pin Point’, given by Discovery Investigations personnel on the ''Discovery II'' in 1935, has been rejected in favor of the original name. Maps Chart of South Shetland including Coronation Island, &c.from the exploration of the sloop Dove in the years 1821 and 1822 by George Powell Commander of the same. Scale ca. 1:200000. London: Laurie, 1822. South Shetland Islands.Scale 1:200000 topographic map. DOS 610 Sheet W 62 58. Tolworth, UK, 1968. * Islas Livingston y Decepción. Mapa topográfico a escala 1:100000. Madrid: Servicio Geográfico del Ejército, 1991. * L.L. Ivanov et al. Antarctica: Livingston Island and Greenwich Island, South Shetland Islands. Scale 1:100000 topographic map. Sofia: Antarctic Place-names Commission of Bulgaria, 2005. * L ...
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Antarctica
Antarctica () is Earth's southernmost and least-populated continent. Situated almost entirely south of the Antarctic Circle and surrounded by the Southern Ocean, it contains the geographic South Pole. Antarctica is the fifth-largest continent, being about 40% larger than Europe, and has an area of . Most of Antarctica is covered by the Antarctic ice sheet, with an average thickness of . Antarctica is, on average, the coldest, driest, and windiest of the continents, and it has the highest average elevation. It is mainly a polar desert, with annual precipitation of over along the coast and far less inland. About 70% of the world's freshwater reserves are frozen in Antarctica, which, if melted, would raise global sea levels by almost . Antarctica holds the record for the lowest measured temperature on Earth, . The coastal regions can reach temperatures over in summer. Native species of animals include mites, nematodes, penguins, seals and tardigrades. Where vegetation o ...
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