|
Lycideops
''Lycideops'' is an extinct genus of therocephalians from the Late Permian of South Africa. The type species is ''Lycideops longiceps'', named in 1931 by South African paleontologist Robert Broom. Fossils of ''Lycideops'' come from the ''Dicynodon'' Assemblage Zone of the Beaufort Group. ''Lycideops'' is a member of the family Lycideopidae. Like other lycideopids, ''Lycideops'' has a long snout. Phylogeny ''Lycideops'' has been included in several phylogenetic analyses, including those of Huttenlocker (2009), Huttenlocker ''et al.'' (2011), and Sigurdsen ''et al.'' (2012). All place ''Lycideops'' within the advanced therocephalian clade Baurioidea. Huttenlocker (2009) and Huttenlocker ''et al.'' (2011) found it to group with '' Regisaurus'' and ''Scaloposaurus'' as shown in the cladogram below: The analysis of Sigurdsen ''et al.'' (2012) came to a different result, grouping ''Lycideops'' with '' Tetracynodon'' and '' Choerosaurus''. The clade including these three genera was ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Tetracynodon
''Tetracynodon'' is an extinct genus of therocephalian. Fossils of ''Tetracynodon'' have been found in the Karoo Basin of South Africa. Two species are known: the type species ''T. tenuis'' from the Late Permian and the species ''T. darti'' from the Early Triassic. Both species were small-bodied and probably fed on insects and small vertebrates. Although ''Tetracynodon'' is more closely related to mammals than it is to reptiles, its braincase is very primitive and shares more in common with modern amphibians and reptiles than it does with mammals. Permo-Triassic survivorship ''Tetracynodon'' was one of the few therapsid genera known to have survived the Permo-Triassic extinction event. Aside from ''Tetracynodon'', the only therocephalian genera known from both sides of the Permo-Triassic boundary are '' Moschorhinus'' and '' Promoschorhynchus''. The Triassic species ''Tetracynodon darti'' would have been part of the extinction's survivor fauna, a low-diversity community of ther ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Lycideopidae
Lycideopidae is an extinct family of therocephalians from the Late Permian and Early Triassic The Early Triassic is the first of three epochs of the Triassic Period of the geologic timescale. It spans the time between Ma and Ma (million years ago). Rocks from this epoch are collectively known as the Lower Triassic Series, which is a un ... of South Africa. Phylogeny Below is a cladogram from Sigurdsen ''et al.'' (2012): References Baurioids Lopingian first appearances Early Triassic extinctions Prehistoric therapsid families {{paleo-therapsid-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Regisaurus
''Regisaurus'' ("Rex's lizard", named after its discoverer Francis Rex Parrington) is an extinct genus of small carnivorous therocephalian. It is known from a single described species, the type species ''Regisaurus jacobi'', from the Early Triassic Lystrosaurus Assemblage Zone of South Africa, although at least one undescribed species is also known. Description It was a rather derived baurioid, with a robust skull, short tail, long limbs and relatively large canines. It was apparently related to ''Urumchia'' and like ''Urumchia'', it had vomer bones, which form the secondary palate, but they do not narrow to a tip like in ''Urumchia''. However, it retained some primitive characteristics. It had six incisor teeth in each side of the jaw, whereas other baurioids had less. It was probably carnivorous, and ate insects and small vertebrates Discovery and species ''Regisaurus'' was discovered in 1964 by Francis Rex Parrington and it was named in 1972 by C. H. Mendrez. Two species ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Baurioidea
Baurioidea is a superfamily of therocephalian therapsids. It includes advanced therocephalians such as ''Regisaurus'' and ''Bauria''. The superfamily was named by South African paleontologist Robert Broom in 1911. Bauriamorpha, named by D. M. S. Watson and Alfred Romer in 1956, is a junior synonym of Baurioidea. Many baurioids were once placed in a group called Scaloposauria. Scaloposaurs were characterized by their small size and reduced postorbital bar (a strut of bone behind the eye socket). Scaloposauria is no longer recognized as a valid taxon because it likely represents juvenile forms of many groups of therocephalians. Most scaloposaurs, including '' Scaloposaurus'' and ''Regisaurus'', are now classified in various positions within Bauroidea. Many therocephalians once classified as scaloposaurians are now considered basal baurioids. The classification of these species is uncertain, as there have been no comprehensive phylogenetic analyses of scaloposaurian taxa. The v ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Regisaurus Jacobi
''Regisaurus'' ("Rex's lizard", named after its discoverer Francis Rex Parrington) is an extinct genus of small carnivorous therocephalian. It is known from a single described species, the type species ''Regisaurus jacobi'', from the Early Triassic Lystrosaurus Assemblage Zone of South Africa, although at least one undescribed species is also known. Description It was a rather derived baurioid, with a robust skull, short tail, long limbs and relatively large canines. It was apparently related to ''Urumchia'' and like ''Urumchia'', it had vomer bones, which form the secondary palate, but they do not narrow to a tip like in ''Urumchia''. However, it retained some primitive characteristics. It had six incisor teeth in each side of the jaw, whereas other baurioids had less. It was probably carnivorous, and ate insects and small vertebrates Discovery and species ''Regisaurus'' was discovered in 1964 by Francis Rex Parrington and it was named in 1972 by C. H. Mendrez. Two species ar ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Therocephalia
Therocephalia is an extinct suborder of eutheriodont therapsids (mammals and their close relatives) from the Permian and Triassic. The therocephalians ("beast-heads") are named after their large skulls, which, along with the structure of their teeth, suggest that they were carnivores. Like other non-mammalian synapsids, therocephalians were once described as "mammal-like reptiles". Therocephalia is the group most closely related to the cynodonts, which gave rise to the mammals. This relationship takes evidence in a variety of skeletal features. The fossils of therocephalians are numerous in the Karoo of South Africa, but have also been found in Russia, China, Tanzania, Zambia, and Antarctica. Early therocephalian fossils discovered in Middle Permian deposits of South Africa support a Gondwanan origin for the group, which seems to have spread quickly across Earth. Although almost every therocephalian lineage ended during the great Permian–Triassic extinction event, a few represe ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Ictidosuchus Primaevus
''Ictidosuchus'' is an extinct genus of therocephalian therapsid Therapsida is a major group of eupelycosaurian synapsids that includes mammals, their ancestors and relatives. Many of the traits today seen as unique to mammals had their origin within early therapsids, including limbs that were oriented more ...s. References The main groups of non-mammalian synapsids at Mikko's Phylogeny Archive Ictidosuchids Therocephalia genera Fossil taxa described in 1910 Taxa named by Robert Broom {{paleo-therapsid-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Vomer
The vomer (; lat, vomer, lit=ploughshare) is one of the unpaired facial bones of the skull. It is located in the midsagittal line, and articulates with the sphenoid, the ethmoid, the left and right palatine bones, and the left and right maxillary bones. The vomer forms the inferior part of the nasal septum in humans, with the superior part formed by the perpendicular plate of the ethmoid bone. The name is derived from the Latin word for a ploughshare and the shape of the bone. In humans The vomer is situated in the median plane, but its anterior portion is frequently bent to one side. It is thin, somewhat quadrilateral in shape, and forms the hinder and lower part of the nasal septum; it has two surfaces and four borders. The surfaces are marked by small furrows for blood vessels, and on each is the nasopalatine groove, which runs obliquely downward and forward, and lodges the nasopalatine nerve and vessels. Borders The ''superior border'', the thickest, presents a dee ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Maxilla
The maxilla (plural: ''maxillae'' ) in vertebrates is the upper fixed (not fixed in Neopterygii) bone of the jaw formed from the fusion of two maxillary bones. In humans, the upper jaw includes the hard palate in the front of the mouth. The two maxillary bones are fused at the intermaxillary suture, forming the anterior nasal spine. This is similar to the mandible (lower jaw), which is also a fusion of two mandibular bones at the mandibular symphysis. The mandible is the movable part of the jaw. Structure In humans, the maxilla consists of: * The body of the maxilla * Four processes ** the zygomatic process ** the frontal process of maxilla ** the alveolar process ** the palatine process * three surfaces – anterior, posterior, medial * the Infraorbital foramen * the maxillary sinus * the incisive foramen Articulations Each maxilla articulates with nine bones: * two of the cranium: the frontal and ethmoid * seven of the face: the nasal, zygomatic, lacrimal, inferior n ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Ictidosuchops Rubidgei
''Ictidosuchops'' is a genus of therocephalian therapsid Therapsida is a major group of eupelycosaurian synapsids that includes mammals, their ancestors and relatives. Many of the traits today seen as unique to mammals had their origin within early therapsids, including limbs that were oriented more ...s. References The main groups of non-mammalian synapsids at Mikko's Phylogeny Archive Baurioids Therocephalia genera Permian synapsids of Africa Fossil taxa described in 1938 Taxa named by Robert Broom {{paleo-therapsid-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Bauria
''Bauria'' is an extinct genus of the suborder Therocephalia that existed during the Early and MiddleTriassic period, around 246-251 million years ago. It belonged to the family Bauriidae. ''Bauria'' was probably a carnivore or insectivore. It lived in South Africa, specifically in the Burgersdorp Formation in South Africa. ''Bauria'' was named by Robert Broom in 1909 and found at Winnaarsbaken, South Africa. The first species Broom discovered, ''Bauria cynops'', was a reasonably complete skull, but according to the first description somewhat poorly preserved, and apparently equally poorly prepared. Five other specimens were later found at different points in time, with mostly skulls being found. Only two species of ''Bauria'' are known, with the most recent one, ''Bauria robusta'', being discovered by J. W. Kitching in 1955 in the Burghersdorp district However, a 2013 study proposed that '' Microgomphodon oligocynus'' and ''Bauria cynops'' are recognized as the only vali ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Ictidosuchoides Longiceps
''Ictidosuchoides'' is an extinct genus of ictidosuchid therocephalians. Fossils have been found from the Karoo Basin in South Africa. The genus is known to have been one of the few therocephalians to have survived the Permian-Triassic extinction event in this area, although its numbers were quite low after the extinction.Ward, P. D., Botha, J., Buick, R., De Kock, M. O., Erwin, D. H., Garrison, G., Kirschvink, J. L., and Smith, R. (2005). Abrupt and gradual extinction among Late Permian land vertebrates in the Karoo Basin, South Africa. ''Science'' 307:709–714. See also * List of therapsids This list of therapsids is an attempt to create a comprehensive listing of all genera that have ever been included in the Therapsida excluding mammals and purely vernacular terms. The list includes all commonly accepted genera, but also genera tha ... * '' Ictidosuchops'' References External links The main groups of non-mammalian synapsids at Mikko's Phylogeny Archive Icti ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
