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Luigi Capello
Luigi Capello (14 April 1859, in Intra – 25 June 1941, in Rome) was an Italian general, distinguished in both the Italo-Turkish War (1911–12) and World War I. During the Italo-Turkish War he served in Cyrenaica and took part in operations near Derna, commanding a column in the final action of the war in October 1912. During World War I he was the commander of several Army corps and led the Italian troops that captured Gorizia (Sixth Battle of the Isonzo). In June 1917, he reached the apex of his military career when he took command of the Second Army (Italy) and captured the Bainsizza Plateau (Eleventh Battle of the Isonzo). Later, he was removed from command after the Italian defeat at the Battle of Caporetto (October–November 1917). He had failed to check the advance of the Imperial troops (which included for the first time, German troops sent from the Western Front) before being forced to cede his command for health reasons. Capello was blamed for the defeat, and he ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
General Luigi Capello
A general officer is an Officer (armed forces), officer of highest military ranks, high rank in the army, armies, and in some nations' air forces, space forces, and marines or naval infantry. In some usages the term "general officer" refers to a rank above colonel."general, adj. and n.". OED Online. March 2021. Oxford University Press. https://www.oed.com/view/Entry/77489?rskey=dCKrg4&result=1 (accessed May 11, 2021) The term ''general'' is used in two ways: as the generic title for all grades of general officer and as a specific rank. It originates in the Tudor period, 16th century, as a shortening of ''captain general'', which rank was taken from Middle French ''capitaine général''. The adjective ''general'' had been affixed to officer designations since the late Middle Ages, late medieval period to indicate relative superiority or an extended jurisdiction. Today, the title of ''general'' is known in some countries as a four-star rank. However, different countries use di ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Tito Zaniboni
Italian Fascist leader Benito Mussolini survived several assassination attempts while head of government of Italy in the 1920s and 1930s. Tito Zaniboni The former Socialist deputy Tito Zaniboni was arrested for attempting to assassinate Mussolini on November 4, 1925. In a hotel with a view unto Palazzo Chigi, where Mussolini had planned to give a balcony speech, Zaniboni set up a rifle with telescopic sights. Shortly before his target appeared, however, Zaniboni was arrested. A friend and double agent had informed the police. Historians believe that the plot itself was engineered by the Mussolini administration as a pretext to consolidate power, which is what followed. Mussolini's laws enacted in late 1925 enabled the suppression of any oppositional political organization. The Italian army officer Luigi Capello was arrested in conjunction with the Zaniboni plot and received a 30-year prison sentence. The author and labor organizer Carlo Tresca wrote a play and political satir ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
March On Rome
The March on Rome ( it, Marcia su Roma) was an organized mass demonstration and a coup d'état in October 1922 which resulted in Benito Mussolini's National Fascist Party (PNF) ascending to power in the Kingdom of Italy. In late October 1922, Fascist Party leaders planned an insurrection to take place by marching on the capital. On 28 October, the fascist demonstrators and Blackshirt paramilitaries approached Rome; Prime Minister Luigi Facta wished to declare a state of siege, but this was overruled by King Victor Emmanuel III, who, fearing bloodshed, persuaded Facta to resign by threatening to abdicate. On 30 October 1922, the King appointed Mussolini as Prime Minister, thereby transferring political power to the fascists without armed conflict. On 31 October the fascist blackshirts paraded in Rome, while Mussolini formed his coalition government. Background In March 1919, Benito Mussolini founded the first Italian Fasces of Combat (FIC) at the beginning of the so-called Red ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Luca Montuori
Luca Montuori ( Avellino, 18 February 1859 – Genoa, 8 March 1952) was an Italian general during World War I. Life Born in Avellino he attended the Italian Military Academy of Torino. At the outbreak of the Italo-Turkish War, he left for Libia in 1911 and in 1912 he was promoted to Major general. In that function, he commanded the Mixed Brigade during the Battle of Zanzur. His brigade played an important role during this battle and he was rewarded with the Military Order of Savoy. In World War I, as Lieutenant general, he commanded first the 10th Division and later the 4th Division. On 23 May 1916, he was placed at the head of the XX Army Corps, with which he fought on the Monte Piana and in the Battle of Mount Ortigara. In August 1917 he led the II Army Corps during the Eleventh Battle of the Isonzo. After the disastrous Battle of Caporetto, in which he replaced Luigi Capello for a few days as head of the 2nd Army, the new chief of general staff Armando Diaz reorganized t ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Stosstruppen
Stormtroopers (german: Sturmtruppen or ''Stoßtruppen'') were specialist soldiers of the German Army. In the last years of World War I, ''Stoßtruppen'' ("shock troopers" or "shove troopers") were trained to use infiltration tactics – part of the Germans' improved method of attack on enemy trenches. The German Empire entered the war certain that the conflict would be won in the course of great military campaigns, thus relegating results obtained during individual clashes to the background; consequently the best officers, concentrated in the German General Staff, placed their attention on maneuver warfare and the rational exploitation of railways, rather than concentrating on the conduct of battles: this attitude gave a direct contribution to operational victories of Germany in Russia, Romania, Serbia and Italy, but it resulted in failure in the West. Thus the German officers on the Western Front found themselves in the need of resolving the static situation caused by trench wa ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Svetozar Borojević
Svetozar (Cyrillic script: Светозар) is a Slavic names, Slavic origin given name and may refer to: *Svetozar Boroević (1856–1920), Austro-Hungarian Field Marshal *Svetozar Čiplić (born 1965), Serbian politician *Svetozar Đanić (1917–1941), Serbian footballer *Svetozar Delić (1885–1967), the first communist mayor of Zagreb, Croatia *Svetozar Gligorić (born 1923), Serbian chess grandmaster *Svetozar Ivačković (1844–1924), post-Romantic Serbian architect *Svetozar Koljević (born 1930), author, historian and translator *Svetozar Marković (1846–1875), Serbian political activist *Svetozar Marović (born 1955), lawyer and a Montenegrin politician *Svetozar Mijin (born 1978), Serbian footballer *Svetozar Miletić (1826–1901), advocate, politician, mayor of Novi Sad, and political leader of Serbs in Vojvodina *Svetozar Pribićević (born 1875), Serbian politician from Croatia who worked hard for creation of unitaristic Yugoslavia *Svetozar Ristovski (born 1972) ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Otto Von Below
Otto Ernst Vinzent Leo von Below (18 January 1857 – 15 March 1944) served as a Prussian general officer in the Imperial German Army during the First World War (1914–1918). He arguably became most notable for his command, along with the Austro-Hungarian commander Svetozar Borojević, during the victorious Battle of Caporetto in October–November 1917. Pre-war Von Below was born in Danzig (now Gdańsk). Before the war broke out, he was promoted ''Generalmajor'' in 1909 and ''Generalleutnant'' in 1912. He was commanding the 2nd Infantry Division immediately prior to the outbreak of war. First World War Eastern Front On 1 August 1914, at the outbreak of the First World War, Below was given command of I Reserve Corps as part of 8th Army on the Eastern Front. He led his Corps in the Battles of Gumbinnen, Tannenberg, and the Masurian Lakes. As a result of his successes, he was promoted to ''General der Infanterie'' at the end of August 1914 and to command of 8th Army at th ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Praetorians
The Praetorian Guard (Latin language, Latin: ''cohortēs praetōriae'') was a unit of the Imperial Roman army that served as personal Bodyguard, bodyguards and military intelligence, intelligence agents for the Roman emperors. During the Roman Republic, the Praetorian Guard were an escort for high-rank political officials (Roman Senate, senators and procurator (ancient Rome), procurators) and were bodyguards for the senior officers of the Roman legions. In 27 BC, after Rome's transition from republic to empire, the first emperor of Rome, Augustus, designated the Praetorians as his personal security escort. For three centuries, the guards of the Roman emperor were also known for their palace intrigues, by which influence upon imperial politics the Praetorians could overthrow an emperor and then proclaim his successor as the new ''Caesar (title), caesar'' of Rome. In AD 312, Constantine the Great disbanded the and destroyed their barracks at the Castra Praetoria. In the Roman Rep ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Arditi
Arditi (from the Italian verb ''ardire'', lit. "to dare", and translates as "The Daring nes) was the name adopted by a Royal Italian Army elite special force of World War I. They and the opposing German '' Stormtroopers'' were the first modern shock troops, and they have been defined "the most feared corps by opposing armies". ''Reparti d'assalto'' (Assault Units) were formed in the summer of 1917 by Colonel Bassi, and were assigned the tactical role of shock troops, breaching enemy defenses in order to prepare the way for a broad infantry advance. The ''Arditi'' were not units within infantry divisions, but were considered a separate combat arm. The ''Reparti d'assalto'' were successful in bringing in a degree of movement to what had previously been a war of entrenched positions. They won numerous engagements armed mainly with daggers and hand grenades, which proved very effective in the confined space of a trench. Their exploits on the battlefield were exemplary and they gain ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Vipacco
Vipava (; it, Vipacco, german: Wippach) is a town in western Slovenia. It is the largest settlement and the seat of the Municipality of Vipava. Vipava is located near the numerous sources of the Vipava River, in the upper Vipava Valley, above sea level. Historically, it is part of the traditional region of Inner Carniola, but it is now generally regarded as part of the Slovenian Littoral. History The region around the town was probably settled by the Illyrians and Celts in the pre-Roman era. Some trace the name Vipava to the Celtic root ''vip'' (river). In 394, the Battle of the Frigidus took place in the vicinity of the town. In the late 6th century, Slavic tribes, ancestors of modern Slovenes, settled the area. In the late 8th century, the Vipava Valley was included in the Frankish Empire and the Christianization of Slovenes started. In the Middle Ages, the valley was first included in the Duchy of Friuli. Between 1340 and 1355, Vipava and its surroundings were constantly con ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Sabotin
Sabotin ( it, Sabotino, fur, Mont di San Valantin) is mountain ridge overlooking Gorizia, Nova Gorica, and Solkan on the border between Slovenia and Italy. At its foot stands the Solkan Bridge spanning the Soča River. Name The mountain was first attested in written sources circa 1370 as ''Saluatin''. The name is of unclear origin. Based on the oldest transcriptions of the name, it can be derived from ''*Salbotin'', based on the Latin personal name ''Salvus'' (literally, 'healthy'). Another possibility (assuming that the old transcriptions are wrong) is that the name was originally ''Sabotin'', based on the Italian name ''Sàb(b)ato'', originally given to a child born on a Saturday. A third possibility is that it is derived from ''*San Valentin'' (there is a church dedicated to Saint Valentine on the mountain) through a number of unexpected phonological changes. History Sabotin represented an important defence point defending Gorizia during the Soča/Isonzo offensives. It was ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Podgora (hill)
Podgora, also known in Italian as Monte Calvario, is a hill on the Karst plateau west of Gorizia, on the right bank of the Isonzo, with an elevation of 241 meters above sea level. Due to its commanding position over the Isonzo valley and the Gorizia plain, it was the theatre of bitter fighting during the First World War, from June 1915 to August 1916. Along with Sabotin and San Michele, Podgora was one of the main bulwarks of the Austro-Hungarian defense of Gorizia during the early battles of the Isonzo, being heavily fortified with multiple orders of trenches, barbed wire and machine-gun posts. The Podgora was repeatedly attacked by Italian troops in June 1915, before and during the First Battle of the Isonzo, without success, and in July, before and during the Second Battle of the Isonzo, when a regiment of Carabinieri managed to make some gains. Further advance occurred in October 1915, during the Third Battle of the Isonzo, and in November, during the Fourth Battle of the I ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
