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Lucius Sestius Quirinalis Albinianus
Lucius Sestius Albanianus Quirinalis ( 43–23 BC) was an aristocrat of the late Roman Republic. Although having Republican tendencies, Augustus appointed him suffect consul in 23 BC to fill his role. Life Sestius was a son of Publius Sestius and the daughter of one Gaius Albanius. Although Horace made him the subject of one of his odes (I.4), Ronald Syme explains it was simply to "indicate the publication year of the first three books" of his odes.Syme, ''Aristocracy'', p. 383 Syme notes although Sestius served as a proquaestor of Marcus Junius Brutus, "he leaves no trace of either proper rank or capacity for the supreme magistracy" and opines that "Sestius may have been leading a life of tranquil leisure." If so, then this may indicate that Sestius had an aversion to public life, one of the characteristics of an Epicurean. This aversion to public life would make him a safe choice to serve as a consul; the following year Lucius Licinius Varro Murena, brother of Aulus Terenti ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Lucius Sestius Quirinalis Albinianus
Lucius Sestius Albanianus Quirinalis ( 43–23 BC) was an aristocrat of the late Roman Republic. Although having Republican tendencies, Augustus appointed him suffect consul in 23 BC to fill his role. Life Sestius was a son of Publius Sestius and the daughter of one Gaius Albanius. Although Horace made him the subject of one of his odes (I.4), Ronald Syme explains it was simply to "indicate the publication year of the first three books" of his odes.Syme, ''Aristocracy'', p. 383 Syme notes although Sestius served as a proquaestor of Marcus Junius Brutus, "he leaves no trace of either proper rank or capacity for the supreme magistracy" and opines that "Sestius may have been leading a life of tranquil leisure." If so, then this may indicate that Sestius had an aversion to public life, one of the characteristics of an Epicurean. This aversion to public life would make him a safe choice to serve as a consul; the following year Lucius Licinius Varro Murena, brother of Aulus Terenti ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Gnaeus Calpurnius Piso (consul 23 BC)
Gnaeus Calpurnius Piso ( 1st century BC) was a high ranking Roman aristocrat and senator. He was firmly traditionalist and opposed the populist First Triumvirate, and later Julius Caesar. He fought against Caesar in the Caesar's civil war and against his adopted son, Octavian, in the Liberators' civil war; both times on the losing side. He was twice pardoned, and subsequently retired from politics. He was unexpectedly appointed consul in 23 BC by the Emperor Augustus, whom he served alongside. In mid-term Augustus fell ill and was expected to die, which would, in theory, have left Piso as the highest authority in the state. In the event, Augustus recovered. Background Calpurnius Piso bore the same name as his father, Gnaeus Calpurnius Piso. He belonged to the '' gens'' Calpurnia, one of the most distinguished Roman ''gentes'', which was of consular rank since 180 BC. The ''Calpurnii Pisones'' formed the main branch of the gens, and already counted eight consuls by 23& ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
1st-century BC Romans
The 1st century was the century spanning AD 1 ( I) through AD 100 ( C) according to the Julian calendar. It is often written as the or to distinguish it from the 1st century BC (or BCE) which preceded it. The 1st century is considered part of the Classical era, epoch, or historical period. The 1st century also saw the appearance of Christianity. During this period, Europe, North Africa and the Near East fell under increasing domination by the Roman Empire, which continued expanding, most notably conquering Britain under the emperor Claudius ( AD 43). The reforms introduced by Augustus during his long reign stabilized the empire after the turmoil of the previous century's civil wars. Later in the century the Julio-Claudian dynasty, which had been founded by Augustus, came to an end with the suicide of Nero in AD 68. There followed the famous Year of Four Emperors, a brief period of civil war and instability, which was finally brought to an end by Vespasian, ninth Roman em ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Lucius Arruntius (consul 22 BC)
Lucius Arruntius was a Roman admiral. He saw action during the War with Sextus Pompeius, and the war of Mark Antony and Octavian (later named Augustus). He is most notable for his participation during the Battle of Actium, where he was in command of victorious Augustus' central division. He was also instrumental in convincing Octavian to pardon Gaius Sosius, one of Mark Antony's generals, after his capture. Arruntius was consul in 22 BC as the colleague of Marcus Claudius Marcellus Aeserninus. Life Arruntius came of an opulent family at the Volscian city of Atina. His wealth made him a target in the proscriptions of the Second Triumvirate, which he evaded by arming his '' clientes'' and slaves then fighting his way to the Italian coast, from whence he sailed to join the forces of Sextus Pompeius. At some point after the Pact of Misenum was concluded in 39 BC, Arruntius was one of several Pompeians who switched sides and became a supporter of Octavian. Martha Hoffman Lewis inc ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Marcus Claudius Marcellus Aeserninus (consul 22 BC)
Marcus Claudius Marcellus Aeserninus is a name used by several men of the ''gens Claudia'', including: *Marcus Claudius Marcellus Aeserninus is mentioned by Cicero as a young man at the trial of Verres (70 BC), on which occasion he appeared as a witness, where, however, several editions give his name as C. Marcellus. *Marcus Claudius Marcellus Aeserninus was quaestor in Hispania in 48 BC, under Quintus Cassius Longinus. Some scholars suppose him to be a son of the preceding, while others, such as Johann Caspar von Orelli, regard him as identical. Cassius sent him with a body of troops to hold possession of Corduba, on occasion of the mutiny and revolt excited in Hispania by his own exactions. But Marcellus quickly joined the mutineers, though whether voluntarily or by compulsion is not certain, and put himself at the head of all the troops assembled at Corduba, whom he retained in their fidelity to Julius Caesar, at the same time that he prepared to resist Cassius by force of ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
List Of Early Imperial Roman Consuls
This is a list of consuls known to have held office, from the beginning of the Roman Republic to the latest use of the title in Imperial times, together with those magistrates of the Republic who were appointed in place of consuls, or who superseded consular authority for a limited period. Background Republican consuls From the establishment of the Republic to the time of Augustus, the consuls were the chief magistrates of the Roman state, and normally there were two of them, so that the executive power of the state was not vested in a single individual, as it had been under the kings. As other ancient societies dated historical events according to the reigns of their kings, it became customary at Rome to date events by the names of the consuls in office when the events occurred, rather than (for instance) by counting the number of years since the foundation of the city, although that method could also be used. If a consul died during his year of office, another was elected to ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Sestia Gens
The gens Sestia () was a minor patrician family at ancient Rome. The only member of this gens to obtain the consulship in the time of the Republic was Publius Sestius Capitolinus Vaticanus, in 452 BC.''Dictionary of Greek and Roman Biography and Mythology'', vol. III, p. 795 ("Sestia Gens"). Origin The nomen ''Sestius'' is sometimes confused with that of '' Sextius'', and these families may in fact share a common origin; but Roman writers considered them distinct gentes. If ''Sestius'' and ''Sextius'' are two forms of the same name, then ''Sestius'' is probably a patronymic surname, based on the common praenomen ''Sextus'', meaning "sixth". The same name gave rise to the plebeian gens Sextilia. The plebeian Sestii known from the later Republic may have been descendants of freedmen, or of Sestii who relinquished their patrician status. Praenomina The main praenomina used by the Sestii included '' Publius'', ''Lucius'', '' Vibius'', and ''Titus''. The Sestii are the only patr ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Pliny The Elder
Gaius Plinius Secundus (AD 23/2479), called Pliny the Elder (), was a Roman author, naturalist and natural philosopher, and naval and army commander of the early Roman Empire, and a friend of the emperor Vespasian. He wrote the encyclopedic ''Naturalis Historia'' (''Natural History''), which became an editorial model for encyclopedias. He spent most of his spare time studying, writing, and investigating natural and geographic phenomena in the field. His nephew, Pliny the Younger, wrote of him in a letter to the historian Tacitus: Among Pliny's greatest works was the twenty-volume work ''Bella Germaniae'' ("The History of the German Wars"), which is no longer extant. ''Bella Germaniae'', which began where Aufidius Bassus' ''Libri Belli Germanici'' ("The War with the Germans") left off, was used as a source by other prominent Roman historians, including Plutarch, Tacitus and Suetonius. Tacitus—who many scholars agree had never travelled in Germania—used ''Bella Germani ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Imperial Cult
An imperial cult is a form of state religion in which an emperor or a dynasty of emperors (or rulers of another title) are worshipped as demigods or deities. "Cult" here is used to mean "worship", not in the modern pejorative sense. The cult may be one of personality in the case of a newly arisen Euhemerus figure, or one of national identity (e.g., Ancient Egyptian Pharaoh or Empire of Japan) or supranational identity in the case of a multi-ethnic state (e.g., Imperial China, Roman Empire). A ''divine king'' is a monarch who is held in a special religious significance by his subjects, and serves as both head of state and a deity or head religious figure. This system of government combines theocracy with an absolute monarchy. Historical imperial cults Ancient Egypt The Ancient Egyptian pharaohs were, throughout ancient Egyptian history, believed to be incarnations of the deity Horus; thereby derived by being the son of Osiris, the afterlife deity, and Isis, goddess of marriage ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Settefinestre
Villa Settefinestre lies between Capalbio and Orbetello in Tuscany, Italy, and is the site of a late Republican Roman slave-run villa owned by the senatorial family of the Volusii, built in the 1st century BC and enlarged in the 1st century AD with a large ''cryptoportico.'' The villa was fortified at a later period and the fortress was rebuilt as a villa in the more modern sense in the 15th century. It was excavated during 1976-1981 under the direction of Andrea Carandini and very thoroughly published. Villa Settefinestre itself was rehabilitated in the 1970s as a luxury holiday rental property, with the ruins, open to the public, picturesquely incorporated in the garden plan. The villa was located in the ''Ager Cosanus'' in the vicinity of Cosa, a Latin '' colonia'' founded in 273 BC. The area was linked to Rome by the Via Aurelia. Cosa suffered a crisis in the Roman Republican civil wars and became depopulated. In its stead, a group of great villas were assembled in the area, ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Aulus Terentius Varro Murena
Aulus Terentius Varro Murena (died 24 BC) was a Roman general and politician of the 1st century BC. Biography Murena was the natural born son of Aulus Terentius Varro, and adopted brother to Lucius Licinius Varro Murena. He was well connected to the Augustan regime, with his sister, Terentia, married to Gaius Maecenas, the prominent adviser and friend of Augustus and patron of the arts, while his half-brother, Gaius Proculeius, was an intimate friend of Augustus during his rise to power. Augustus dispatched Murena to lead an expedition against the Salassi tribe of the Aosta Valley region in the northwestern Alps in 25 BC. The Salassi had proved troublesome to Roman armies using the Great St Bernard pass, which, as the shortest route from Italy to the Upper Rhine river, had become strategically vital to the Romans since the completion of Julius Caesar's conquest of Gaul in 51 BC. The Salassi were utterly defeated and, according to Strabo, Murena deported and sold into slave ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Roman Republic
The Roman Republic ( la, Res publica Romana ) was a form of government of Rome and the era of the classical Roman civilization when it was run through public representation of the Roman people. Beginning with the overthrow of the Roman Kingdom (traditionally dated to 509 BC) and ending in 27 BC with the establishment of the Roman Empire, Rome's control rapidly expanded during this period—from the city's immediate surroundings to hegemony over the entire Mediterranean world. Roman society under the Republic was primarily a cultural mix of Latin and Etruscan societies, as well as of Sabine, Oscan, and Greek cultural elements, which is especially visible in the Roman Pantheon. Its political organization developed, at around the same time as direct democracy in Ancient Greece, with collective and annual magistracies, overseen by a senate. The top magistrates were the two consuls, who had an extensive range of executive, legislative, judicial, military, and religious powers ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
