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Loudi Nijhoff
Loudi () is a prefecture-level city located in central Hunan province, China. It is situated about southwest of the provincial capital of Changsha and is considered a small to medium size city within the province. According to the 2010 Census, the population of Loudi is of 3,785,627 inhabitants in an area of . In 2007, the city is named China's top ten livable cities by Chinese Cities Brand Value Report, which was released at 2007 Beijing Summit of China Cities Forum. Geography Loudi has an area of . The western parts of the city borders mountainous regions while the east parts is generally considered hilly with gently sloping topography. Climate The climate is subtropical monsoon climate with humid weather and four distinct seasons. History Before the Qin Dynasty (221BC-210BC) established a court, it belonged to the Chu, a vassal state to the Zhou dynasty. Subdivisions Loudi administers one district, two county-level cities, and two counties. The information he ...
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Prefecture-level City
A prefecture-level city () or prefectural city is an administrative division of the People's Republic of China (PRC), ranking below a province and above a county in China's administrative structure. During the Republican era, many of China's prefectural cities were designated as counties as the country's second level division below a province. From 1949 to 1983, the official term was a province-administrated city (Chinese: 省辖市). Prefectural level cities form the second level of the administrative structure (alongside prefectures, leagues and autonomous prefectures). Administrative chiefs (mayors) of prefectural level cities generally have the same rank as a division chief () of a national ministry. Since the 1980s, most former prefectures have been renamed into prefectural level cities. A prefectural level city is a "city" () and "prefecture" () that have been merged into one consolidated and unified jurisdiction. As such it is simultaneously a city, which is a munici ...
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Vassal State
A vassal state is any state that has a mutual obligation to a superior state or empire, in a status similar to that of a vassal in the feudal system in medieval Europe. Vassal states were common among the empires of the Near East, dating back to the era of the Egyptian, Hittite and Mitanni conflict, as well as ancient China. The use of vassal states continued through the Middle Ages, with the last empire to use such states being the Ottoman Empire. The relationships between vassal rulers and empires was dependent on the policies and agreements of each empire. While payment of tribute and military service is common amongst vassal states, the degree of independence and benefits given to vassal states varied. Today, more common terms are puppet state, protectorate, client state, associated state or satellite state. Historical examples Ancient Egypt The reign of Thutmose III (1479 BC-1425 BC) laid the foundations for the systems that functioned during the Amarna period of Egypt ...
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Loudi
Loudi () is a prefecture-level city located in central Hunan province, China. It is situated about southwest of the provincial capital of Changsha and is considered a small to medium size city within the province. According to the 2010 Census, the population of Loudi is of 3,785,627 inhabitants in an area of . In 2007, the city is named China's top ten livable cities by Chinese Cities Brand Value Report, which was released at 2007 Beijing Summit of China Cities Forum. Geography Loudi has an area of . The western parts of the city borders mountainous regions while the east parts is generally considered hilly with gently sloping topography. Climate The climate is subtropical monsoon climate with humid weather and four distinct seasons. History Before the Qin Dynasty (221BC-210BC) established a court, it belonged to the Chu, a vassal state to the Zhou dynasty. Subdivisions Loudi administers one district, two county-level cities, and two counties. The information he ...
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Karst
Karst is a topography formed from the dissolution of soluble rocks such as limestone, dolomite, and gypsum. It is characterized by underground drainage systems with sinkholes and caves. It has also been documented for more weathering-resistant rocks, such as quartzite, given the right conditions. Subterranean drainage may limit surface water, with few to no rivers or lakes. However, in regions where the dissolved bedrock is covered (perhaps by debris) or confined by one or more superimposed non-soluble rock strata, distinctive karst features may occur only at subsurface levels and can be totally missing above ground. The study of ''paleokarst'' (buried karst in the stratigraphic column) is important in petroleum geology because as much as 50% of the world's hydrocarbon reserves are hosted in carbonate rock, and much of this is found in porous karst systems. Etymology The English word ''karst'' was borrowed from German in the late 19th century, which entered German much earlier ...
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Boyue Cave
Boyue Cave () is a karstic cave in Lengshuijiang, Hunan, China. Located at the foot of Mount dacheng (), it was one of the locations of 1986 shenmo television series ''Journey to the West''. It is now a popular destination for cavers, walkers, and outdoor activity groups. History In the 1980s, Boyue Cave served as a shooting location for the 1986 shenmo television series Journey to the West. The fight scenes in the Cavern of White Bone Demon () were filmed in Boyue Cave. And the Seat of the Monkey King The Monkey King, also known as Sun Wukong ( zh, t=孫悟空, s=孙悟空, first=t) in Mandarin Chinese, is a legendary mythical figure best known as one of the main characters in the 16th-century Chinese novel ''Journey to the West'' ( zh, ... in Water Curtain Cave () was shot in there. Gallery References External links * {{in lang, zh Lengshuijiang Limestone caves Tourist attractions in Hunan ...
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Lianyuan
Lianyuan () is a county-level city and the 7th most populous county-level division in Hunan Province, China; it is under the administration of Loudi prefecture-level City. Located on the geographical centre of Hunan, the city is bordered to the north by Anhua and Ningxiang Counties, to the east by Louxing District, to the south by Shuangfeng, Shaodong and Xinshao Counties, to the west by Lengshuijiang City and Xinhua County. Lianyuan City covers . As of the 2010 census, it has a registered population of 1,162,928 and a resident population of 995,712.the population of Lianyuan City in 2010 census: according to the Communiqué on 2010 Census of Lianyuan City, se涟源市第六次人口普查主要数据公报/ref> The city has a subdistrict, 16 towns and two townships under its jurisdiction, the government seat is Lantian Subdistrict ().the divisions of Lianyuan City (in 2008): according to the result on adjustment of township-level administrative divisions of Lianyuan city in ...
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Lengshuijiang
Lengshuijiang () is a county-level city in Hunan Province, China, it is under the administration of Loudi prefecture-level City. Located in central Hunan, the city is bordered to the north and west by Xinhua County, to the south by Xinshao County, to the east by Lianyuan City. Lengshuijiang City covers . As of 2015, it has a registered population of 370,300 and a resident population of 342,700.the population of Lengshuijiang City in 2015: according to , oahmhxc.com/ref> The city has four subdistricts, five towns and a township under its jurisdiction, the government seat is Lengshuijiang Subdistrict ().the divisions of Lengshuijiang City (November 23, 2015): according to the also seeLengshuijiang.gov/ref> Lengshuijiang was incorporated as a city in 1960 which created from parts of Xinhua County. It is a resource-based city which is rich in antimony, it has the world's largest antimony mine (more than 50% of the world's production of antimony). Subdivision According to the resul ...
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Xinhua County
Xinhua County () is a county and the 4th most populous county-level division in the Province of Hunan, China; it is under the administration of Loudi City. Located along the middle reaches of the Zi River, it covers 3,635 square kilometers and has a population of 1,291,626 (2002). Xinhua shares the border with Lengshuijiang, Lianyuan, Xinshao, Xupu and Longhui counties and cities. As a county, it was founded at 1072 (Northern Song Dynasty) and now it is under jurisdiction of the Loudi City and subdivided into 7 townships and 19 towns, Shangmei is the county seat. The economy of Xinhua County is primarily agricultural, with 1.16 million of Xinhua County's population of 1.28 million working in agriculture. Other than agriculture, industries include machinery, electronics, ceramics, building materials, metallurgy, coal, chemical, food, paper, bamboo and wood processing. In recent years, Xinhua County's economy has grown quite a lot. In 2011, media attention was attracted by a co ...
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Shuangfeng County
Shuangfeng County () is a county in Hunan Province, China, it is under the administration of Loudi prefecture-level City. Located on the east central part of the province, it is adjacent to the southeast of the city proper of Loudi. The county is bordered to the north and northeast by Xiangxiang City, to the southeast by Xiangtan and Hengshan Counties, to the south by Hengyang County, to the southwest by Shaodong County, to the northwest by Lianyuan City and Louxing District. Shuangfeng County covers , as of the 2010 census, It had a registered population of 941,792 and a resident population of 854,555.the population of Shuangfeng County in 2010 census, according to the ''Major data communique on 2010 Census of Shuangfeng County'' - 《双峰县第六次全国人口普查主要数据公报》/ref> The county has 12 towns of China, towns and 3 townships under its jurisdiction, the county seat is Yongfeng ().on Adjustment of village-level administrative divisions of Shuangfeng ...
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County (People's Republic Of China)
Counties ( zh, t=縣, s=县, hp=Xiàn), formally county-level divisions, are found in the third level of the administrative hierarchy in Provinces and Autonomous regions and the second level in municipalities and Hainan, a level that is known as "county level" and also contains autonomous counties, county-level cities, banners, autonomous banners and City districts. There are 1,355 counties in Mainland China out of a total of 2,851 county-level divisions. The term ''xian'' is sometimes translated as "district" or "prefecture" when put in the context of Chinese history. History ''Xian'' have existed since the Warring States period and were set up nationwide by the Qin Dynasty. The number of counties in China proper gradually increased from dynasty to dynasty. As Qin Shi Huang reorganized the counties after his unification, there were about 1,000. Under the Eastern Han Dynasty, the number of counties increased to above 1,000. About 1400 existed when the Sui dynasty abolish ...
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County-level City
A county-level municipality (), county-level city or county city, formerly known as prefecture-controlled city (1949–1970: ; 1970–1983: ), is a Administrative divisions of China#County level (3rd), county-level administrative division of the China, People's Republic of China. County-level cities have judiciary, judicial but no legislature, legislative rights over their own local ordinance, local law and are usually governed by Administrative divisions of China#Prefectural level (2nd), prefecture-level divisions, but a few are governed directly by Administrative divisions of China#Provincial level (1st), province-level divisions. A county-level city is a "city" () and "county" () that have been merged into one unified jurisdiction. As such it is simultaneously a city, which is a municipal entity and a county which is an administrative division of a prefecture. Most county-level cities were created in the 1980s and 1990s by replacing denser populated Counties of Chin ...
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District Of China
The term ''district'', in the context of China, is used to refer to several unrelated political divisions in both ancient and modern China. In the modern context, district (), formally city-governed district, city-controlled district, or municipal district (), are subdivisions of a municipality or a prefecture-level city. The rank of a district derives from the rank of its city. Districts of a municipality are prefecture-level; districts of a sub-provincial city are sub-prefecture-level; and districts of a prefecture-level city are county-level. The term was also formerly used to refer to obsolete county-controlled districts (also known as district public office). However, if the word ''district'' is encountered in the context of ancient Chinese history, then it is a translation for ''xian'', another type of administrative division in China. Before the 1980s, cities in China were administrative divisions containing mostly urban, built-up areas, with very little farmland ...
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