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Longidoridae
Longidoridae (longidorid nematodes) is a family of polyphagous root ectoparasites in the phylum Nematoda (nematodes) with a worldwide distribution. Taxonomy There are about 720 species divided amongst seven genera in the family, which is further subdivided into subfamilies and tribes. Subdivision Subfamilies; * Longidorinae (480 spp.) * Xiphineminae (240 spp.) Tribes; *Subfamily Longidorinae ** Longidorini ** Xiphidorini *Subfamily Xiphineminae Genera *Subfamily Longidorinae **Tribe Longidorini ***'' Longidorus'' (144 spp.) ***'' Longidoroides'' (13 spp.) ***'' Paralongidorus'' (72 spp.) **Tribe Xiphidorini ***'' Australodorus'' (1 sp.) ***'' Paraxiphidorus'' (3 spp.) ***'' Xiphidorus'' (8 spp.) *Subfamily Xiphineminae ***''Xiphinema'' (some 240 spp.) Pathology With the Trichodoridae, the Longidoridae form the two Enoplea nematode families known to be plant parasites, though from different subclasses, and the only virus vectors (particularly nepoviruses ' ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Longidoridae
Longidoridae (longidorid nematodes) is a family of polyphagous root ectoparasites in the phylum Nematoda (nematodes) with a worldwide distribution. Taxonomy There are about 720 species divided amongst seven genera in the family, which is further subdivided into subfamilies and tribes. Subdivision Subfamilies; * Longidorinae (480 spp.) * Xiphineminae (240 spp.) Tribes; *Subfamily Longidorinae ** Longidorini ** Xiphidorini *Subfamily Xiphineminae Genera *Subfamily Longidorinae **Tribe Longidorini ***'' Longidorus'' (144 spp.) ***'' Longidoroides'' (13 spp.) ***'' Paralongidorus'' (72 spp.) **Tribe Xiphidorini ***'' Australodorus'' (1 sp.) ***'' Paraxiphidorus'' (3 spp.) ***'' Xiphidorus'' (8 spp.) *Subfamily Xiphineminae ***''Xiphinema'' (some 240 spp.) Pathology With the Trichodoridae, the Longidoridae form the two Enoplea nematode families known to be plant parasites, though from different subclasses, and the only virus vectors (particularly nepoviruses ' ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Longidorus
''Longidorus'' is a genus of needle nematodes. Some of its species are plant pests. They may also transmit important plant viruses such as the potato virus U or the cacao necrosis virus. Species are known to infest narcissus, alfalfa, beet, caneberries, lettuce, grape A grape is a fruit, botanically a berry, of the deciduous woody vines of the flowering plant genus ''Vitis''. Grapes are a non- climacteric type of fruit, generally occurring in clusters. The cultivation of grapes began perhaps 8,000 years ago, ... and citruses References Bibliography * * * Enoplea genera Longidoridae Grape pest nematodes {{Enoplea-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Xiphinema
''Xiphinema'' is a genus of ectoparasitic root nematodes commonly known as dagger nematodes.Whitehead, A.G. 1998. Plant Nematode Control The genus is of economic importance on grape, strawberry, hops and a few other crops. Major species include ''X.americanum, X.diversicaudatum, X.index, X.italiae'' and ''X.pachtaicum''.Evans, K., Trudgill, D.L., Webster, J.M. 1998. Plant Parasitic Nematodes in Temperate Agriculture. They can be easily recognized by their long bodies and stylets which are long enough to reach the vascular tissue of plants.''Xiphinema'' at Nemaplex, Different members of the genus have been shown to i ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Paralongidorus
''Paralongidorus'' is a genus of nematode The nematodes ( or grc-gre, Νηματώδη; la, Nematoda) or roundworms constitute the phylum Nematoda (also called Nemathelminthes), with plant-Parasitism, parasitic nematodes also known as eelworms. They are a diverse animal phylum inhab ...s. References Enoplea genera Longidoridae {{Enoplea-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Tribe (biology)
In biology, a tribe is a taxonomic rank above genus, but below family and subfamily. It is sometimes subdivided into subtribes. By convention, all taxonomic ranks from genus upwards are capitalized, including both tribe and subtribe. In zoology, the standard ending for the name of a zoological tribe is "-ini". Examples include the tribes Caprini (goat-antelopes), Hominini (hominins), Bombini (bumblebees), and Thunnini (tunas). The tribe Hominini is divided into subtribes by some scientists; subtribe Hominina then comprises "humans". The standard ending for the name of a zoological subtribe is "-ina". In botany, the standard ending for the name of a botanical tribe is "-eae". Examples include the tribes Acalypheae and Hyacintheae. The tribe Hyacintheae is divided into subtribes, including the subtribe Massoniinae. The standard ending for the name of a botanical subtribe is "-inae". In bacteriology, the form of tribe names is as in botany, e.g., Pseudomonadeae, based on the ge ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Nepoviruses
''Nepovirus'' is a genus of viruses in the order ''Picornavirales'', in the family ''Secoviridae'', in the subfamily ''Comovirinae''. Plants serve as natural hosts. There are 40 species in this genus. Nepoviruses, unlike the other two genera (''Comovirus'' and ''Fabavirus'') in the subfamily ''Comovirinae'', are transmitted by nematodes. Taxonomy The genus contains the following species: *'' Aeonium ringspot virus'' *'' Apricot latent ringspot virus'' *'' Arabis mosaic virus'' *'' Arracacha virus A'' *'' Artichoke Aegean ringspot virus'' *'' Artichoke Italian latent virus'' *'' Artichoke yellow ringspot virus'' *'' Beet ringspot virus'' *'' Blackcurrant reversion virus'' *'' Blueberry latent spherical virus'' *'' Blueberry leaf mottle virus'' *'' Cassava American latent virus'' *'' Cassava green mottle virus'' *'' Cherry leaf roll virus'' *'' Chicory yellow mottle virus'' *'' Cocoa necrosis virus'' *'' Crimson clover latent virus'' *'' Cycas necrotic stunt virus'' *'' Grapevin ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Vector (epidemiology)
In epidemiology, a disease vector is any living agent that carries and transmits an infectious pathogen to another living organism; agents regarded as vectors are organisms, such as parasites or microbes. The first major discovery of a disease vector came from Ronald Ross in 1897, who discovered the malaria pathogen when he dissected a mosquito. Arthropods Arthropods form a major group of pathogen vectors with mosquitoes, flies, sand flies, lice, fleas, ticks, and mites transmitting a huge number of pathogens. Many such vectors are haematophagous, which feed on blood at some or all stages of their lives. When the insects feed on blood, the pathogen enters the blood stream of the host. This can happen in different ways. The ''Anopheles'' mosquito, a vector for malaria, filariasis, and various arthropod-borne-viruses (arboviruses), inserts its delicate mouthpart under the skin and feeds on its host's blood. The parasites the mosquito carries are usually located in its salivary gla ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Virus
A virus is a submicroscopic infectious agent that replicates only inside the living cells of an organism. Viruses infect all life forms, from animals and plants to microorganisms, including bacteria and archaea. Since Dmitri Ivanovsky's 1892 article describing a non-bacterial pathogen infecting tobacco plants and the discovery of the tobacco mosaic virus by Martinus Beijerinck in 1898,Dimmock p. 4 more than 9,000 virus species have been described in detail of the millions of types of viruses in the environment. Viruses are found in almost every ecosystem on Earth and are the most numerous type of biological entity. The study of viruses is known as virology, a subspeciality of microbiology. When infected, a host cell is often forced to rapidly produce thousands of copies of the original virus. When not inside an infected cell or in the process of infecting a cell, viruses exist in the form of independent particles, or ''virions'', consisting of (i) the genetic material, i. ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Enoplea
Enoplea (enopleans) is a class, which with the classes SecernenteaTree of Life Web Project (ToL) (2002)Nematoda Version of January 1, 2002. Retrieved November 2, 2008. and Chromadorea make up the phylum Nematoda in current taxonomy. The Enoplea are considered to be a more ancestral group than the Chromadorea, and researchers have referred to its members as the "ancestrally diverged nematodes", compared to the "more recently diverged nematodes" of Chromadorea. Description The Enoplea are distinguished from the Chromadorea by a number of characteristics. The enoplean esophagus is cylindrical or "bottle-shaped", compared to the bulbous chromadorean esophagus. Enopleans have pocket-like amphids, while chromadoreans have amphids shaped like slits, pores, coils, or spirals. An enoplean is smooth or marked with fine lines, while a chromadorean may have rings, projections, or setae. The enoplean excretory system is simple, sometimes made up of a single cell, while chromadoreans have more ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Trichodoridae
Trichodoridae (stubby-root nematodes, trichodorids) is a family of terrestrial root feeding nematodes, being one of two that constitute suborder Triplonchida.Phylum Nematoda: Triplochida Nematode Classification. Department of Nematology. University of California, Riverside. Nemaplex: Nematode-Plant Expert Information System. University of California, Davis. Version October 9, 2012. They are economically important plant parasites and virus vectors. Taxonomy The first trichodorid was described in 1880 (De Man) as ''Dorylaimus primitivus'', and the type genus, ''Trichodorus'' described in 1913 by Cobb, based on '' |
Nematoda
The nematodes ( or grc-gre, Νηματώδη; la, Nematoda) or roundworms constitute the phylum Nematoda (also called Nemathelminthes), with plant-parasitic nematodes also known as eelworms. They are a diverse animal phylum inhabiting a broad range of environments. Less formally, they are categorized as Helminths, but are taxonomically classified along with arthropods, tardigrades and other moulting animals in the clade Ecdysozoa, and unlike flatworms, have tubular digestive systems with openings at both ends. Like tardigrades, they have a reduced number of Hox genes, but their sister phylum Nematomorpha has kept the ancestral protostome Hox genotype, which shows that the reduction has occurred within the nematode phylum. Nematode species can be difficult to distinguish from one another. Consequently, estimates of the number of nematode species described to date vary by author and may change rapidly over time. A 2013 survey of animal biodiversity published in the mega jou ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
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