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Locomotor Effects Of Shoes
Locomotor effects of shoes are the way in which the physical characteristics or components of shoes influence the locomotion neuromechanics of a person. Depending on the characteristics of the shoes, the effects are various, ranging from alteration in balance and posture, muscle activity of different muscles as measured by electromyography ( EMG), and the impact force. There are many different types of shoes that exist, such as running, walking, loafers, high heels, sandals, slippers, work boots, dress shoes, and many more. However, a typical shoe will be composed of an insole, midsole, outsole, and heels, if any. In an unshod condition, where one is without any shoes, the locomotor effects are primarily observed in the heel strike patterns and resulting impact forces generated on the ground. Insoles and inserts The foot provides the sensory information to the central nervous system through cutaneous afferent feedback, which originates from the special mechanoreceptors within ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Rubaiyat Shoes 08
Rubaiyat or Ruba'iyat or Rubayat may refer to: Literature * Ruba'iyat, a collection of Rubaʿi, Persian-language poems having four lines (i.e. quatrains) * ''Rubaiyat of Omar Khayyam'' or simply ''Rubaiyat'', the title given by Edward Fitzgerald to his translations into English of ruba'i by Omar Khayyam * "Reginald's Rubaiyat", a short story in the collection ''Reginald'' (1904) by Saki Music * '' Rubáiyát: Elektra's 40th Anniversary'', a 1990 compilation album released by Elektra Records * ''The Rubaiyat of Dorothy Ashby ''The Rubaiyat of Dorothy Ashby'' (subtitled ''Original compositions inspired by the words of Omar Khayyam, arranged and conducted by Richard Evans'') is an album by jazz harpist Dorothy Ashby recorded in late 1969 and early 1970 and released on t ...'', a 1970 album by jazz harpist Dorothy Ashby Other uses * Rubayat, Iran, a village in South Khorasan Province {{disambiguation ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Polyurethane
Polyurethane (; often abbreviated PUR and PU) refers to a class of polymers composed of organic chemistry, organic units joined by carbamate (urethane) links. In contrast to other common polymers such as polyethylene and polystyrene, polyurethane is produced from a wide range of starting materials. This chemical variety produces polyurethanes with different chemical structures leading to many List of polyurethane applications, different applications. These include rigid and flexible foams, varnishes and coatings, adhesives, Potting (electronics), electrical potting compounds, and fibers such as spandex and Polyurethane laminate, PUL. Foams are the largest application accounting for 67% of all polyurethane produced in 2016. A polyurethane is typically produced by reacting an isocyanate with a polyol. Since a polyurethane contains two types of monomers, which polymerize one after the other, they are classed as Copolymer#Alternating copolymers, alternating copolymers. Both the isocy ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
High-heeled Footwear
High-heeled shoes, also known as high heels, are a type of shoe with an angled sole. The heel in such shoes is raised above the ball of the foot. High heels cause the legs to appear longer, make the wearer appear taller, and accentuate the calf muscle. There are many types of heels in varying colors, materials, styles, and heights. High heels have been used in various ways to communicate nationality, professional affiliation, gender, and social status. High heels have been important in the West. In early 17th century Europe, for example, high heels were a sign of masculinity and high social status. It wasn't until the end of the century that this trend spread to women's fashion. By the 18th century, high-heeled shoes had split along gender lines. By this time, heels for men's shoes were chunky squares attached to riding boots or tall formal dress boots while women's high heels were narrow and pointy and often attached to slipper-like dress shoes (similar to modern heels). ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Rocker Bottom Shoe
A rocker sole shoe or rocker bottom shoe is a shoe which has a thicker-than-normal sole with rounded heel. Such shoes ensure the wearer does not have flat footing along the proximal-distal axis of the foot. The shoes are generically known by a variety of names including round bottom shoes,Tyrell & Carter (2008) page 134. round/ed sole shoes, and toning shoes, but also by various brand names. Tyrell & Carter identified at least six standard variations of the rocker sole shoe and named them: ''toe-only rocker'', ''rocker bar'', ''mild rocker'', ''heel-to-toe rocker'', ''negative heel rocker'' and ''double rocker''. Rocker soles may replace regular soles on any style of footwear. Some rocker bottom shoes are purpose built to reduce the function or replace the lost function of a joint. For example, a person with a hallux rigidus (stiff big toe) may use a rocker bottom shoe to replace the flexion lost at the metatarsal joint. Rocker bottom shoes are also used to compensate for the lost ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Eversion (kinesiology)
Motion, the process of movement, is described using specific anatomical terms. Motion includes movement of organs, joints, limbs, and specific sections of the body. The terminology used describes this motion according to its direction relative to the anatomical position of the body parts involved. Anatomists and others use a unified set of terms to describe most of the movements, although other, more specialized terms are necessary for describing unique movements such as those of the hands, feet, and eyes. In general, motion is classified according to the anatomical plane it occurs in. ''Flexion'' and ''extension'' are examples of ''angular'' motions, in which two axes of a joint are brought closer together or moved further apart. ''Rotational'' motion may occur at other joints, for example the shoulder, and are described as ''internal'' or ''external''. Other terms, such as ''elevation'' and ''depression'', describe movement above or below the horizontal plane. Many anatomica ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Valgus Deformity
A valgus deformity is a condition in which the bone segment distal Standard anatomical terms of location are used to unambiguously describe the anatomy of animals, including humans. The terms, typically derived from Latin or Greek roots, describe something in its standard anatomical position. This position pro ... to a joint is angled outward, that is, angled laterally, away from the body's midline. The opposite deformation, where the twist or angulation is directed medially, toward the center of the body, is called varus deformity, varus. Common causes of valgus knee (genu valgum or "knock-knee") in adults include arthritis of the knee and traumatic injuries. Knee arthritis with valgus knee Rheumatoid knee commonly presents as valgus knee. Osteoarthritis knee may also sometimes present with valgus deformity though varus deformity is common. Total knee arthroplasty (TKA) to correct valgus deformity is surgically difficult and requires specialized implants called Knee repl ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Tibialis Posterior
The tibialis posterior muscle is the most central of all the leg muscles, and is located in the deep posterior compartment of the leg. It is the key stabilizing muscle of the lower leg. Structure The tibialis posterior muscle originates on the inner posterior border of the fibula laterally. It is also attached to the interosseous membrane medially, which attaches to the tibia and fibula. The tendon of the tibialis posterior muscle (sometimes called the posterior tibial tendon) descends posterior to the medial malleolus. It terminates by dividing into plantar, main, and recurrent components. The main portion inserts into the tuberosity of the navicular bone. The smaller portion inserts into the plantar surface of the medial cuneiform. The plantar portion inserts into the bases of the second, third and fourth metatarsals, the intermediate and lateral cuneiforms and the cuboid. The recurrent portion inserts into the sustentaculum tali of the calcaneus. Blood is supplied to the m ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Varus Deformity
Varus may refer to: * Var River or Varus, a river in France * Stura di Lanzo or Varus, a river in Italy * Varus deformity, a medical term for the inward angulation of the distal segment of a bone or joint ** Coxa vara, affecting the hip ** Genu varum, affecting the knee ** Hallux varus, affecting the big toe ** Cubitus varus, affecting the elbow ** Club foot (talipes equinovarus), affecting the heel People with the name * Publius Attius Varus (died 45 BC), Roman governor of Africa * Publius Quinctilius Varus (46 BC–AD 9), politician and general of the Roman Empire * Publius Quinctilius Varus the Younger (c. AD 1–27), son of Publius Quinctilius Varus * Marcus Plancius Varus (1st century AD), politician of the Roman Empire * Gaius Plancius Varus (1st–2nd century AD), son of Marcus Plancius Varus and politician of the Roman Empire * Titus Clodius Vibius Varus, Roman consul, 160 AD * Titus Vibius Varus, Roman consul, 134 AD * Titus Vibius Varus, Roman suffect consul, 115 AD ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Pronation Of The Foot
Pronation is a natural movement of the foot that occurs during foot landing while running or walking. Composed of three cardinal plane components: subtalar eversion, ankle dorsiflexion, and forefoot abduction, these three distinct motions of the foot occur simultaneously during the pronation phase. Pronation is a normal, desirable, and necessary component of the gait cycle. Pronation is the first half of the stance phase, whereas supination starts the propulsive phase as the heel begins to lift off the ground. Types The normal biomechanics of the foot absorb and direct the occurring throughout the gait whereas the foot is flexible (pronation) and rigid (supination) during different phases of the gait cycle. As the foot is loaded, eversion of the subtalar joint, dorsiflexion of the ankle, and abduction of the forefoot occur. Pronation should not occur past the latter stages of midstance, as the normal foot should then supinate in preparation for toe-off. Abnormal pronation ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Running Economy
Running economy (RE) measures runners' energy utilization when running at an aerobic intensity, and many physiological and biomechanical factors contribute to it. Oxygen consumption (VO2) is the most commonly used method for measuring running economy, as the exchange of gases in the body, specifically oxygen and carbon dioxide, closely reflects energy metabolism. Those who are able to consume less oxygen while running at a given velocity are said to have a better running economy. However, straightforward oxygen usage does not account for whether the body is metabolising lipids or carbohydrates, which produce different amounts of energy per unit of oxygen; as such, accurate measurements of running economy must use and data to estimate the calorific content of the substrate that the oxygen is being used to respire. In distance running, an athlete may attempt to improve performance through training designed to improve running economy. Running economy has been found to be a good p ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Metatarsophalangeal
The metatarsophalangeal joints (MTP joints), also informally known as toe knuckles, are the joints between the metatarsal bones of the foot and the proximal bones (proximal phalanges) of the toes. They are condyloid joints, meaning that an elliptical or rounded surface (of the metatarsal bones) comes close to a shallow cavity (of the proximal phalanges). The ligaments are the plantar and two collateral. Movements The movements permitted in the metatarsophalangeal joints are flexion, extension, abduction, adduction and circumduction. File:The feet of C. H. Unthan, the armless fiddler Wellcome L0034227.jpg, Left: toes adducted (pulled towards the center) and spread (abducted); right, both feet clenched (plantar flexed) File:Footgym rings1.jpg, The upper foot is clenching (plantarflexing) at the MTP joints and at the joints of the toes; the central foot is lifting the toes (dorsiflexing) at the MTP joints; and the foot flat on the ground off to the side is in a neutral position ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Gastrocnemius
The gastrocnemius muscle (plural ''gastrocnemii'') is a superficial two-headed muscle that is in the back part of the lower leg of humans. It runs from its two heads just above the knee to the heel, a three joint muscle (knee, ankle and subtalar joints). The muscle is named via Latin, from Greek γαστήρ (''gaster'') 'belly' or 'stomach' and κνήμη (''knḗmē'') 'leg', meaning 'stomach of the leg' (referring to the bulging shape of the calf). Structure The gastrocnemius is located with the soleus in the posterior (back) compartment of the leg. The lateral head originates from the lateral condyle of the femur, while the medial head originates from the medial condyle of the femur. Its other end forms a common tendon with the soleus muscle; this tendon is known as the calcaneal tendon or Achilles tendon and inserts onto the posterior surface of the calcaneus, or heel bone. It is considered a superficial muscle as it is located directly under skin, and its shape may often b ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
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