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Lockout (sports)
In professional sports, a lockout is the shutdown of a professional sports league by team owners, usually due to a failure of a sports league to come to agree on a collective bargaining agreement with the league's player union. When a lockout occurs, owners close facilities and prevent any team activities, which can result in missed games, loss of paychecks, and unhappy fans. Notable lockouts include the 1972 Major League Baseball strike, the 1981 Major League Baseball strike, the 1982 NFL strike, 1987 NFL strike, the 1994–95 NHL lockout, the 1994–95 Major League Baseball strike, the 1998–99 NBA lockout, the 2004–05 NHL lockout, the 2011 NBA lockout, the 2012 NFL referee lockout, the 2012-13 NHL lockout and the 2021–22 Major League Baseball lockout. See also *Holdout (sports) *MLB lockout *NBA lockout *NFL lockout *NHL lockout The NHL lockout may refer to any of the four labour actions in the history of the National Hockey League: * The 1992 NHL strike, which pos ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Professional Sports
In professional sports, as opposed to amateur sports, participants receive payment for their performance. Professionalism in sport has come to the fore through a combination of developments. Mass media and increased leisure have brought larger audiences, so that sports organizations or teams can command large incomes. As a result, more sportspeople can afford to make sport their primary career, devoting the training time necessary to increase skills, physical condition, and experience to modern levels of achievement. This proficiency has also helped boost the popularity of sports.Andy Miah Sport & the Extreme Spectacle: Technological Dependence and Human Limits' (PDF) Unpublished manuscript, 1998 In most sports played professionally there are many more amateur than professional players, though amateurs and professionals do not usually compete. History Baseball Baseball originated before the American Civil War (1861–1865). First played on sandlots in particular, scoring ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
2012 NFL Referee Lockout
The 2012 NFL referee lockout was a labor dispute between the National Football League (NFL) and the NFL Referees Association that resulted in the use of replacement officials through Week 3 of the 2012 NFL season. The lockout began in June 2012 after both sides failed to reach consensus on a collective bargaining agreement. On September 26, 2012, an agreement was reached to end the lockout after increasing criticism of the NFL and the performance of the replacement officials, culminating in the infamous "Fail Mary" game between the Seattle Seahawks and the Green Bay Packers. Timeline In 2005, the NFL and NFL Referees Association agreed to a contract that would last through the 2011 season. In 2011, the officials' union had planned to exercise a contract clause to reopen negotiations a year early, but this failed to occur due to the 2011 NFL lockout. By June 2012, the league and the officials' union had not yet come to terms on a new collective bargaining agreement, thus failing ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
NHL Lockout
The NHL lockout may refer to any of the four labour actions in the history of the National Hockey League: * The 1992 NHL strike, which postponed 30 games of the 1991–92 season * The 1994–95 NHL lockout, which cancelled many of the games of the 1994–95 season, including the All-Star Game and shortened the regular season to 48 games per team with no inter-conference games * The 2004–05 NHL lockout, which cancelled all of the games of the 2004–05 season * The 2012–13 NHL lockout, which cancelled many of the games of the 2012–13 season, including the All-Star Game and shortened the regular season to 48 games per team with no inter-conference games See also *MLB lockout *MLS lockout *NBA lockout *NFL lockout The NFL lockout may refer to any of the lockouts or strikes in the history of the National Football League: * The 1968 NFL strike/lockout, which lasted 12 days before the start of the 1968 season. * The 1970 NFL strike/lockout, which lasted a ... {{Spor ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
NFL Lockout
The NFL lockout may refer to any of the lockouts or strikes in the history of the National Football League: * The 1968 NFL strike/lockout, which lasted 12 days before the start of the 1968 season. * The 1970 NFL strike/lockout, which lasted a few days in July 1970. * The 1974 NFL strike, which lasted for two months before the start of the 1974 season. * The 1982 NFL strike, which lasted for eight weeks, forced the 1982 season to be shortened to 9 games per team. * The 1987 NFL strike, which lasted for 24 days and forced the 1987 season to be shortened to 15 games per team. * The 2001 NFL referee lockout, which lasted until September 19 and an agreement was reached to end the 2 week lockout. * The 2011 NFL lockout, which lasted for over five months, resulted in cancellation of Pro Football Hall of Fame Game between the Chicago Bears and St. Louis Rams, but preserved the 2011 regular season. * The 2012 NFL referee lockout, which impacted the first few weeks of the 2012 N ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
NBA Lockout
The NBA lockout may refer to any of the four lockouts in the history of the National Basketball Association: *The 1995 NBA lockout, which lasted for three months before the 1995–96 season. *The 1996 NBA lockout, which lasted for a couple of hours before the 1996–97 season. *The 1998–99 NBA lockout The 1998–99 NBA lockout was the third lockout of four in the history of the National Basketball Association (NBA). It lasted from July 1, 1998, to January 20, 1999, and forced the 1998–99 regular season to be shortened to 50 games per team ..., which lasted for more than six months and forced the 1998–99 season to be shortened to 50 regular season games per team and that season's All-Star Game to be canceled. *The 2011 NBA lockout, which lasted for five months and forced the 2011–12 season to be shortened to 66 regular season games per team. See also * MLB lockout * MLS lockout * NFL lockout * NHL lockout References {{Sport index lockout Lockout Sports labor d ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
MLB Lockout
MLB lockout may refer to one of the following lockouts or strike actions in Major League Baseball: * The 1972 Major League Baseball strike, which canceled 86 games * The 1973 Major League Baseball lockout, which cancelled no games * The 1976 Major League Baseball lockout, which cancelled no games * The 1980 Major League Baseball strike, which cancelled no games * The 1981 Major League Baseball strike, which cancelled 713 games * The 1985 Major League Baseball strike, which cancelled no games * The 1990 Major League Baseball lockout, which cancelled no games but postponed 1990's opening day to April 9 * The 1994–95 Major League Baseball strike, which cancelled 938 games and the entire 1994 postseason, including the 1994 World Series * The 2021–22 Major League Baseball lockout, which cancelled no games but postponed 2022's opening day to April 7 See also * MLS lockout *NBA lockout The NBA lockout may refer to any of the four lockouts in the history of the National Baske ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Holdout (sports)
In professional sports, a holdout (also written as hold out) occurs when a player fails to report to their team—usually before the start of a season—or fails to perform the services outlined in the terms of their contract. Players holdout for various reasons, however the desired outcome is usually to renegotiate their contract to more favorable terms. Players have also failed to report to a team after being drafted out of college, usually because they do not want to play for that team or want to play another sport. Although a player in this scenario has not signed a contract, they are usually considered a holdout because the team that drafted them secures exclusive rights to sign them to contract. A famous example of this was the Tampa Bay Buccaneers drafting Bo Jackson with the first pick of the 1986 NFL Draft; Jackson did not report to the team because he wanted to pursue a career as a baseball player. The length of a holdout can range from just a few days to an entir ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
2021–22 Major League Baseball Lockout
The 2021–22 Major League Baseball lockout was the ninth work stoppage in Major League Baseball (MLB) history. It began at 12:01 a.m. EST on December 2, 2021, after MLB owners voted unanimously to enact a lockout upon the expiration of the 2016 collective bargaining agreement (CBA) between the league and the Major League Baseball Players Association (MLBPA). It ended on March 10, 2022, with the signing of a new agreement. Issues raised between the league and union involved compensation for young players and limitations on tanking to receive higher selections in the MLB draft. On March 1, 2022, following over a week of daily negotiations between the two sides, and three months of on and off negotiations, MLB cancelled the first two series of the regular season. MLB and the MLBPA reached an agreement on a new five-year CBA on March 10. The new CBA salvaged the full 162-game 2022 season by delaying Opening Day from March 31 to April 7, with originally cancelle ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
2012-13 NHL Lockout
1 (one, unit, unity) is a number representing a single or the only entity. 1 is also a numerical digit and represents a single unit of counting or measurement. For example, a line segment of ''unit length'' is a line segment of length 1. In conventions of sign where zero is considered neither positive nor negative, 1 is the first and smallest positive integer. It is also sometimes considered the first of the infinite sequence of natural numbers, followed by 2, although by other definitions 1 is the second natural number, following 0. The fundamental mathematical property of 1 is to be a multiplicative identity, meaning that any number multiplied by 1 equals the same number. Most if not all properties of 1 can be deduced from this. In advanced mathematics, a multiplicative identity is often denoted 1, even if it is not a number. 1 is by convention not considered a prime number; this was not universally accepted until the mid-20th century. Additionally, 1 is the s ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
1972 Major League Baseball Strike
The 1972 Major League Baseball strike was the first players' strike in Major League Baseball history. The strike occurred from April 1 to 13, 1972. Baseball resumed when the owners and players agreed on a $500,000 increase in pension fund payments. Owners agreed to add salary arbitration to the Collective Bargaining Agreement. The 86 total games that were missed over the 13-day period were not rescheduled, because the league refused to pay the players for the time they were on strike. As a result, the Houston Astros and San Diego Padres each played only 153 games, nine fewer than normal, and no team played more than 156 games. One major effect of the uneven schedule was that the Detroit Tigers played one more game than the Boston Red Sox, which enabled Detroit (with a record of 86–70) to win the American League East as Boston (with a record of 85–70) finished game behind. Detroit won the division on the next-to-last day of the season when they beat Boston, 3–1, at Ti ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
2004–05 NHL Lockout
The 2004–05 NHL lockout was a labor lockout that resulted in the cancellation of the National Hockey League (NHL) season, which would have been its 88th season of play. The main dispute was the league's desire to implement a salary cap to limit expenditure on player salaries, which was opposed by the NHL Players Association (NHLPA), the players' labor union, who proposed an alternative system of revenue sharing. Attempts at collective bargaining before the season began were unsuccessful. The lockout was initiated on September 16, 2004, one day after the expiration of the existing collective bargaining agreement (CBA), which itself had been the result of the 1994–95 lockout. During the lockout, further attempts to negotiate a new CBA floundered, with neither side willing to back down, and this led to the entire season being canceled on February 16, 2005. The NHL and NHLPA negotiating teams finally reached an agreement on July 13, 2005, with the lockout officially ending ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
