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Lo-Toga
Lo-Toga is an Oceanic language spoken by about 580 people on the islands of Lo and Toga, in the Torres group of northern Vanuatu. The language has sometimes been called ''Loh'' (''sic'') or ''Toga'', after either of its two dialects. Name The language is named after the two islands where it is spoken: Lo and Toga. Situation and dialects Its 580 speakers live mostly in Lo and Toga, the two main islands in the southern half of the Torres group. The same language is also spoken by the small populations of the two other islands of Linua and Tegua. Lo-Toga is itself divided into two very close dialects, ''Lo'' (spoken on Lo island) and ''Toga'' (spoken on Toga). The inhabitants of northern Vanuatu generally don't draw a distinction between dialects and languages. Conversely, Lo-Toga is a distinct language from the other language of the Torres group, Hiw. Phonology The Lo dialect of Lo-Toga phonemically contrasts 16 consonants and 13 vowels. François (2021). Consonants V ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Hiw Language
Hiw (sometimes spelled ''Hiu'') is an Oceanic language spoken on the island of Hiw, in the Torres Islands of Vanuatu. With about 280 speakers, Hiw is considered endangered. Hiw is distinct from Lo-Toga, the other language of the Torres group. All Hiw speakers are bilingual in Bislama, and most also speak Lo-Toga. Name The language is named after the island. Phonology Vowels Hiw has 9 phonemic vowels. These are all short monophthongs : François (2021). The three central vowels are all rounded. becomes a glide whenever it's followed by another vowel. The high back rounded vowel occurs, but only as an allophone of and after labio-velar consonants. always becomes after a labio-velar, while only becomes in pre-tonic syllables, and then only optionally. Consonants Hiw has 14 consonants. All plosives are voiceless. Hiw is the only Austronesian language whose consonant inventory includes a prestopped velar lateral approximant ; this complex segment is Hiw's only ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Toga Island
Toga is an island in the Torres group, within the Torba Province of Vanuatu. Geography Toga Island is the most southern of the Torres Islands. The island's size is 6 km by 4.5 km. The estimated terrain elevation above sea level is 104 meters. Toga is surrounded by a narrow fringing reef quickly dropping off into deep water. The summit of the island is Mt Lemeura (locally ''Lēmere'' ) located on the western side of the island. The climate on Toga is humid tropical. The average annual rainfall is about 4000 mm. The island is subject to frequent cyclones and earthquakes. Population Toga is the most populated island in the Torres Islands, with about 250 people. They speak the ''Toga'' dialect of the Lo-Toga language. The population lives in two villages: ''Liqal'' and ''Litew'' . An ancient village, now abandoned, was called ''Qururetaqō'' . Fauna Barn owls are known to live in the area. Many samples of the owl's bones were found in a cave in Toga, which were rev ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Torres Islands
The Torres Islands are in the Torba Province of the country of Vanuatu, and is that country’s the northernmost island group. The chain of islands that make up this micro-archipelago straddles the broader cultural boundary between Island Melanesia and several Polynesian outliers located in the neighbouring Solomon Islands. To the island chain’s north is Temotu Province of the Solomon Islands, to its south is Espiritu Santo, and to its southeast are the Banks Islands. To the west, beneath the ocean surface, is the deep Torres Trench, which is the subduction zone between the Australian and Pacific plates. The seven islands in the Torres group, from north to south, are Hiw or ''Hiu'' (the largest), Metoma, Tegua, Ngwel (an uninhabited islet), Linua, Lo or ''Loh'', and Toga. The island chain stretches across . The highest point of the chain is only above sea level. These islands are less rugged than the other islands of Vanuatu that lie further to the south. Contrary to popul ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Toga Island
Toga is an island in the Torres group, within the Torba Province of Vanuatu. Geography Toga Island is the most southern of the Torres Islands. The island's size is 6 km by 4.5 km. The estimated terrain elevation above sea level is 104 meters. Toga is surrounded by a narrow fringing reef quickly dropping off into deep water. The summit of the island is Mt Lemeura (locally ''Lēmere'' ) located on the western side of the island. The climate on Toga is humid tropical. The average annual rainfall is about 4000 mm. The island is subject to frequent cyclones and earthquakes. Population Toga is the most populated island in the Torres Islands, with about 250 people. They speak the ''Toga'' dialect of the Lo-Toga language. The population lives in two villages: ''Liqal'' and ''Litew'' . An ancient village, now abandoned, was called ''Qururetaqō'' . Fauna Barn owls are known to live in the area. Many samples of the owl's bones were found in a cave in Toga, which were rev ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Torres–Banks Languages
The Torres–Banks languages form a linkage of Southern Oceanic languages spoken in the Torres Islands and Banks Islands of northern Vanuatu. Languages François (2011) recognizes 17 languages spoken by 9,400 people in 50 villages, including 16 living (3 of which are moribund) and one extinct language. François (2011). The 17 languages, ranked from northwest to southeast, are: : Comparative studies A. François has published several studies comparing various features of the Torres–Banks languages: * François (2005): Inventories of vowel systems, and their historical development; * François (2007): Systems of noun articles, and their historical development; * François (2009): How several languages grammaticalized a set of light personal pronouns into markers for “aorist” aspect; * François (2011): How Torres–Banks languages tend to show structural isomorphism, yet lexical diversity; * François (2013): Etymological reconstruction of spiritual terms in Torres–B ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Tegua
Tegua is an island in Vanuatu's Torres Islands chain, located in Torba Province. Geography The island spans 7 km by 6.5 km; on the eastern side of the island is Lateu Bay indented 1.8 km. Ngwel Island is located 600 meters off the west coast of Tegua Island. Population The only village is Lateu, with a population of 58. About 100 residents of Tegua were evacuated by the government because rising sea levels were flooding their island. One geological study found that of four islands in the group, Tegua had the slowest inferred uplift rate at 0.7 mm/yr for southeastern Tegua. A "narrow E-W trending block has been down-dropped relative to the rest of the isle. Name The name ''Tegua'' comes from the Mota language, which was used as the primary language of the Melanesian Mission. Locally, the island is called ''Tugue'' in Lo-Toga, and ''Töyö'' in Hiw. These names all come from a Proto-Torres-Banks form *''Teɣua''. References External links “The Myst ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Linua
Linua is an island in the Torres Islands archipelago in Torba Province of Vanuatu in the southwestern Pacific Ocean. Geography Linua has a length of 2.8 km and diameter of 1 km. The estimated terrain elevation above sea level is 23 meters. Linua lies about 60 miles (100 km) north of Espiritu Santo Island between islands of Tegua and Lo. The island is surrounded by coral reefs. There is an airstrip on the island opened in 1983 that provides the only regular transportation flights with the rest of Vanuatu. The island is used mostly in times of plane landing, and is not settled permanently; the people there are based in the neighbouring village of Lungharegi, on Lo island. Linua has a small tourist hamlet, Kamilisa, consisting of four bungalows and a capacity of up to 20 people. Climate Linua has a tropical rainforest climate (Af) with very heavy rainfall year-round. Name The island is locally called ''Linue'' in Lo-Toga. The official name ''Linua'' is spelled ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Lo (island)
Lo (sometimes wrongly spelled ''Loh'') is an island in the Torres group of islands, in northern Vanuatu. The island is located 2.25 miles from the Toga Island. As of 2009, the population of the island was 210. They speak the Lo dialect of the Lo-Toga language. Transportation The Torres islands are served by Torres Airport, which is located on the Linua island, just off the north coast of Lo. The airport is mostly used by Lo residents. Lo is not frequently visited by outsiders. Villages Lo has two main villages: ''Lun̄haregi'' (a.k.a. ''Lunghariki'') and ''Rinuhe'' ; and a smaller hamlet, ''Telaqlaq'' . In 2018, the Vanuatu Coastal Adaptation Project provided the villages with access to fresh water. Name The name ''Lo'' comes from the Lo-Toga language Lo-Toga is an Oceanic language spoken by about 580 people on the islands of Lo and Toga, in the Torres group of northern Vanuatu. The language has sometimes been called ''Loh'' (''sic'') or ''Toga'', after either of its tw ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Lo Island
Lo (sometimes wrongly spelled ''Loh'') is an island in the Torres group of islands, in northern Vanuatu. The island is located 2.25 miles from the Toga Island. As of 2009, the population of the island was 210. They speak the Lo dialect of the Lo-Toga language. Transportation The Torres islands are served by Torres Airport, which is located on the Linua island, just off the north coast of Lo. The airport is mostly used by Lo residents. Lo is not frequently visited by outsiders. Villages Lo has two main villages: ''Lun̄haregi'' (a.k.a. ''Lunghariki'') and ''Rinuhe'' ; and a smaller hamlet, ''Telaqlaq'' . In 2018, the Vanuatu Coastal Adaptation Project provided the villages with access to fresh water. Name The name ''Lo'' comes from the Lo-Toga language Lo-Toga is an Oceanic language spoken by about 580 people on the islands of Lo and Toga, in the Torres group of northern Vanuatu. The language has sometimes been called ''Loh'' (''sic'') or ''Toga'', after either of its tw ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
North Vanuatu Languages
The North Vanuatu languages form a Linkage (linguistics), linkage of Southern Oceanic languages spoken in northern Vanuatu. Languages Clark (2009) Clark (2009) provides the following classification of the North Vanuatu languages, divided into two main geographic areas (Torres–Banks–Maewo–Ambae–Pentecost and Espiritu Santo, Santo). Outlier (aberrant) languages identified by Clark (2009) are in ''italics''.The language names used by Clark have often been superseded by other names; in that case, the glottonym used by Clark is indicated in brackets. *North Vanuatu **Northern (Torres–Banks–Maewo–Ambae–Pentecost) ***Torres–Banks languages ****Torres Islands: Hiw language, Hiw, Lo-Toga language, Lo-Toga (“Loh”) ****Banks Islands: Lehali language, Lehali–Löyöp language, Löyöp (“Ureparapara”), Mwotlap language, Mwotlap–Volow language, Volow (“Mwotlav”), Lemerig language, Lemerig–Vera'a language, Vera’a (“Vera'a”), Vurës language, Vurës–Mwe ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Nasal Consonant
In phonetics, a nasal, also called a nasal occlusive or nasal stop in contrast with an oral stop or nasalized consonant, is an occlusive consonant produced with a lowered velum, allowing air to escape freely through the nose. The vast majority of consonants are oral consonants. Examples of nasals in English are , and , in words such as ''nose'', ''bring'' and ''mouth''. Nasal occlusives are nearly universal in human languages. There are also other kinds of nasal consonants in some languages. Definition Nearly all nasal consonants are nasal occlusives, in which air escapes through the nose but not through the mouth, as it is blocked (occluded) by the lips or tongue. The oral cavity still acts as a resonance chamber for the sound. Rarely, non-occlusive consonants may be nasalized. Most nasals are voiced, and in fact, the nasal sounds and are among the most common sounds cross-linguistically. Voiceless nasals occur in a few languages such as Burmese, Welsh, Icelandic and ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Retroflex Consonant
A retroflex ( /ˈɹɛtʃɹoːflɛks/), apico-domal ( /əpɪkoːˈdɔmɪnəl/), or cacuminal () consonant is a coronal consonant where the tongue has a flat, concave, or even curled shape, and is articulated between the alveolar ridge and the hard palate. They are sometimes referred to as cerebral consonants—especially in Indology. The Latin-derived word ''retroflex'' means "bent back"; some retroflex consonants are pronounced with the tongue fully curled back so that articulation involves the underside of the tongue tip ( subapical). These sounds are sometimes described as "true" retroflex consonants. However, retroflexes are commonly taken to include other consonants having a similar place of articulation without such extreme curling of the tongue; these may be articulated with the tongue tip (apical) or the tongue blade (laminal). Types Retroflex consonants, like other coronal consonants, come in several varieties, depending on the shape of the tongue. The tongue may be eith ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
