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Liu Sheng (Southern Han)
Liu Sheng (; 920–958), born Liu Hongxi (劉弘熙), may be nicknamed Jun (雋),''Spring and Autumn Annals of the Ten Kingdoms''vol. 61 formally Emperor Zhongzong of (Southern) Han ((南)漢中宗), was the third emperor of the Chinese Five Dynasties and Ten Kingdoms Period state Southern Han. He succeeded his brother, Liu Bin (Emperor Shang), whom he had ordered assassinated to allow himself to take the throne. Background Liu Hongxi was born in 920, as the fourth son of Liu Yan, who was then already the emperor of Southern Han (as Emperor Gaozu)—and therefore, was likely born at Southern Han's capital Xingwang (興王, in modern Guangzhou, Guangdong). The first historical reference to Liu Hongxi was in 932, when Liu Yan created his sons imperial princes—with Liu Hongxi receiving the title of Prince of Jin. As his two oldest brothers Liu Yaoshu (劉耀樞) and Liu Guitu (劉龜圖)—both of whom also received princely titles in 932 and therefore were likely still alive t ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Southern Han
Southern Han (; 917–971), officially Han (), originally Yue (), was one of the ten kingdoms that existed during the Five Dynasties and Ten Kingdoms period. It was located on China's southern coast, controlling modern Guangdong and Guangxi. The kingdom greatly expanded its capital Xingwang Fu (, present-day Guangzhou). It attempted but failed to annex the independent polity of Jinghai which was controlled by the Vietnamese. Founding of the Southern Han Liu Yin was named regional governor and military officer by the Tang court in 905. Though the Tang fell two years later, Liu did not declare himself the founder of a new kingdom as other southern leaders had done. He merely inherited the title of Prince of Nanping in 909. It was not until Liu Yin's death in 917 that his brother, Liu Yan, declared the founding of a new kingdom, which he initially called "Yue" (); he changed the name to Han () in 918. This was because his surname Liu () was the imperial surname of the Han dyn ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Liu Hongchang
Liu Hongchang (劉弘昌) (died 944), formally the Prince of Yue (越王), was an imperial prince and chancellor of the Chinese Five Dynasties and Ten Kingdoms Period state Southern Han. He was a son of Southern Han's founding emperor Liu Yan (Emperor Gaozu), and at one point, Liu Yan considered bypassing his older brothers Liu Bin (né Liu Hongdu, Emperor Shang) and Liu Sheng (né Liu Hongxi, Emperor Zhongzong) and making him the successor to the throne. During the subsequent reign of Liu Sheng, Liu Sheng, fearing his capability, had him assassinated. Background It is not known when Liu Hongchang was born, and it is not known who his mother was. However, it is known that he was Liu Yan's fifth son.''Spring and Autumn Annals of the Ten Kingdoms''vol. 61 In 932, Liu Yan created 19 of his sons, including Liu Hongchang, imperial princes, with Liu Hongchang receiving the title of Prince of Yue.''Zizhi Tongjian'', vol. 278. Liu Hongchang was described to be filially pious, car ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Empress Ma (Southern Han)
Empress Ma (馬皇后, personal name unknown) (died January 22, 935''Zizhi Tongjian'', vol. 279. Academia Sinicabr>Chinese-Western Calendar Converter) was the only known empress of the Chinese Five Dynasties and Ten Kingdoms period state Southern Han. She was the wife of Southern Han's founding emperor Liu Yan (Emperor Gaozu), and the daughter of Ma Yin (Prince Wumu), the prince of Southern Han's northern neighbor Chu. Background It is not known when the future Empress Ma was born. Further, while she was known to be a daughter of Ma Yin's, no historical record indicated who her mother was. In 913, Liu Yan, who was then formally a Later Liang vassal (as Ma Yin was as well) as the military governor (''Jiedushi'') of Qinghai Circuit (清海, headquartered in modern Guangzhou, Guangdong), sent emissaries to Ma Yin, asking to marry a daughter of his. Ma Yin agreed.''Zizhi Tongjian'', vol. 268. In 915, Liu sent emissaries to Chu to welcome her; Ma Yin, in turn, sent his broth ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Ma Xiguang
Ma Xiguang (; died 25 January 951), courtesy name Depi (德丕), was the fourth ruler of the Chinese Five Dynasties and Ten Kingdoms period state Chu. Background It is not known when Ma Xiguang was born. He was Chu's founder Ma Yin (King Wumu)'s 35th son,''Spring and Autumn Annals of the Ten Kingdoms'', vol. 69. and was the full younger brother of his fourth son Ma Xifan,''Spring and Autumn Annals of the Ten Kingdoms'', vol. 68. both born of his concubine Lady Chen. As Ma Yin, at the time of his death in 930, ordered that his sons succeed each other based on age,''Zizhi Tongjian'', vol. 277. Ma Xifan succeeded their older brother Ma Xisheng in 932 upon Ma Xisheng's death.''Zizhi Tongjian'', vol. 278. During Ma Xifan's reign, Ma Xiguang, who was said to be careful and obedient in his disposition, was particularly beloved by Ma Xifan. As of 947, Ma Xiguang carried the titles of deputy military governor of Chu's capital circuit Wu'an (武安, headquartered at Chu's capi ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Chu (Ten Kingdoms)
Chu (), known in historiography as Ma Chu () or Southern Chu (), was a dynastic state of China that existed from 907 to 951. It is listed as one of the Ten Kingdoms during the Five Dynasties and Ten Kingdoms period of Chinese history. Founding Ma Yin was named regional governor by the Tang court in 896 after fighting against a rebel named Yang Xingmi. He declared himself as the Prince of Chu with the fall of the Tang Dynasty in 907. Ma's position as Prince of Chu was confirmed by the Later Tang in the north in 927 and was given the posthumous title of King Wumu of Chu. Territories The capital of the Chu Kingdom was Changsha ( Tanzhou).''New History of the Five Dynasties'', vol. 66 . Present-day Hunan and northeastern Guangxi were under the control of the kingdom. Economy Chu was peaceful and prosperous under Ma Yin's rule, exporting horses, silk and tea. Silk and lead coinage were often used as currency, particularly with external communities which would not accept other coinag ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Lin Yanyu
Lin Yanyu () (died April 15, 956''Zizhi Tongjian'', vol. 293. Academia Sinicabr>Chinese-Western Calendar Converter) was a powerful eunuch of the Southern Han dynasty of China. Background and initial arrival in Southern Han It is not known when Lin Yanyu was born, and other than the fact that he was from Minqing (閩清, in modern Fuzhou, Fujian), nothing was recorded about his family background or how he became an eunuch. It was said that he had a treacherous personality and was a deep thinker.''Spring and Autumn Annals of the Ten Kingdoms''vol. 66 At some point, Lin became a eunuch attendant to Wang Yanjun, who would have then been an officer under his father Wang Shenzhi, the founding Prince of Min. In 917, during Wang Shenzhi's reign, Wang Yanjun married Liu Hua, the niece of then-Southern Han emperor Liu Yan. Min thus established a liaison office at the Southern Han capital Xingwang (興王, in modern Guangzhou, Guangdong). Lin was sent to Xingwang to head the office, ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |