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Littrow Mounting
Littrow may refer to: *Joseph Johann von Littrow (1781-1840), Austrian astronomer ** Littrow projection, a map projection invented by Joseph Johann Littrow, also called the Weir Azimuth diagram ** Littrow (crater), a lunar crater named for astronomer Joseph Johann von Littrow ** Taurus–Littrow, a valley on the Moon named after the Littrow crater and the Taurus mountain range * Karl L. Littrow, Austrian astronomer, son of Joseph Johann Littrow *Auguste von Littrow, German-Austrian author and women's movement leader *Heinrich von Littrow, Austrian cartographer and writer * Otto von Littrow (1843-1864), son of Karl and Auguste von Littrow ** Littrow angle ** Littrow prism, an optical device developed by Joseph Johann von Littrow used with lasers and in spectroscopy *Lea von Littrow Leo von Littrow (17 March 1860 – 11 May 1925) was an Austrian- Fiuman painter known for her landscapes and marine paintings. Biography Leo von Littrow was born as Leontine Camilla von Littrow in Trieste ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Joseph Johann Von Littrow
Joseph Johann von Littrow (13 March 1781, Horšovský Týn (german: Bischofteinitz) – 30 November 1840, Vienna) was an Austrian astronomer. In 1837, he was ennobled with the title Joseph Johann Edler von Littrow. He was the father of Karl Ludwig Edler von Littrow and the mentor of the mathematician Nikolai Brashman. His work took him to Russia for a time, which is where his son who succeeded him was born. He became director of the Vienna Observatory in 1819. He served in this position until his death in 1840. He created the only conformal retroazimuthal map projection, which is known as the Littrow projection. Littrow authored the widely read ''Wunder des Himmels'' ("Miracles of the Sky"), which was reprinted eight times by 1897. Von Littrow is often associated with a proposal to dig a large circular canal in the Sahara desert and fill it with burning kerosene, thus communicating the fact of human intelligence to aliens who may be observing earth. However, Von Littrow's conn ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Littrow Projection
The Littrow projection is a map projection developed by Joseph Johann von Littrow in 1833. It is the only conformal, retroazimuthal map projection. As a retroazimuthal projection, the Littrow shows directions, or azimuths, correctly from any point to the center of the map. Patrick Weir of the British Merchant Navy The Merchant Navy is the maritime register of the United Kingdom and comprises the seagoing commercial interests of UK-registered ships and their crews. Merchant Navy vessels fly the Red Ensign and are regulated by the Maritime and Coastguard ... independently reinvented the projection in 1890, after which it began to see more frequent use as recognition of its retroazimuthal property spread. Maps based on the Littrow projection are sometimes referred to as Weir Azimuth diagrams. The projection transforms from latitude ''φ'' and longitude ''λ'' to map coordinates ''x'' and ''y'' via the following equations: :\begin x &= R \frac \\ y &= R \cos \left(\lambda - ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Littrow (crater)
Littrow is a lunar impact crater that is located in the northeastern part of the Moon's near side, on the east edge of Mare Serenitatis. Its diameter is 29 km. The crater is named after Bohemian astronomer Joseph Johann Littrow. Some distance to the northeast is the prominent crater Römer, while to the south is Vitruvius. The rim of Littrow is heavily worn and eroded, especially along the southern wall. The interior has been flooded with lava in the past, leaving a relatively smooth, featureless surface with no central rise. Rimae Littrow Just to the northwest of Littrow is a system of rilles designated the Rimae Littrow. These are located at selenographic coordinates 22.1° N, 29.9° E, and have a maximum diameter of 115 km. To the south-southwest is the Taurus–Littrow valley that is notable for being the landing site of the Apollo 17 mission. Part of Rimae Littrow (northwest of the crater Clerke) was considered for a landing site of an early Apollo mission, p ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Taurus–Littrow
Taurus–Littrow is a lunar valley located on the near side at the coordinates . It served as the landing site for the American Apollo 17 mission in December 1972, the last crewed mission to the Moon. The valley is located on the southeastern edge of Mare Serenitatis along a ring of mountains formed between 3.8 and 3.9 billion years ago when a large object impacted the Moon, forming the Serenitatis basin and pushing rock outward and upward. Taurus–Littrow is located in the Taurus mountain range and south of Littrow crater, features from which the valley received its name. The valley's name, coined by the Apollo 17 crew, was approved by the International Astronomical Union in 1973. Data collected during Apollo 17 indicate that the valley is composed primarily of feldspar-rich breccia in the large massifs surrounding the valley and basalt underlying the valley floor, covered by an unconsolidated layer of mixed material formed by various geologic events. Taurus–Littrow was ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Karl L
Karl may refer to: People * Karl (given name), including a list of people and characters with the name * Karl der Große, commonly known in English as Charlemagne * Karl Marx, German philosopher and political writer * Karl of Austria, last Austrian Emperor * Karl (footballer) (born 1993), Karl Cachoeira Della Vedova Júnior, Brazilian footballer In myth * Karl (mythology), in Norse mythology, a son of Rig and considered the progenitor of peasants (churl) * ''Karl'', giant in Icelandic myth, associated with Drangey island Vehicles * Opel Karl, a car * ST ''Karl'', Swedish tugboat requisitioned during the Second World War as ST ''Empire Henchman'' Other uses * Karl, Germany, municipality in Rhineland-Palatinate, Germany * ''Karl-Gerät'', AKA Mörser Karl, 600mm German mortar used in the Second World War * KARL project, an open source knowledge management system * Korean Amateur Radio League, a national non-profit organization for amateur radio enthusiasts in South Korea * K ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Auguste Von Littrow
Auguste von Littrow, ''née'' Bischoff von Altenstern (13 February 1819 in Prague – 23 March 1890 in Vienna) was a German-Austrian author and women's movement leader. She was the daughter of the physician Professor Ignaz von Bischoff-Altenstern. Shortly after her 20th birthday, in 1839, she married astronomer Karl Ludwig von Littrow and settled in Vienna. Rapidly the Littrow household developed into a meeting place of Viennese society. There Hermann Bonitz, Josef Danhauser, Marie von Ebner-Eschenbach, August Eisenmenger, Ernst von Feuchtersleben, Ottilie von Goethe, Franz Grillparzer, Friedrich Hebbel, Rudolf von Jhering, Joseph Lewinsky, Franz Miklosich all met. Asteroid 254 Augusta is named in her honour. She is the great-great grandmother of Roman Catholic Cardinal Christoph Schönborn Christoph Maria Michael Hugo Damian Peter Adalbert Graf von Schönborn, O.P. (; born 22 January 1945) is a Bohemian-born Austrian Dominican friar and theologian, who is a cardinal ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Heinrich Von Littrow
Heinrich von Littrow (26 January 1820 in Vienna – 25 April 1895 in Abbazia, today Opatija, Croatia) was an Austrian cartographer and writer, and a convinced advocate of the universalist mission of the Austro-Hungarian empire. Life Heinrich von Littrow was a son of the astronomer Joseph Johann von Littrow, ennobled in 1836, and his wife Karoline von Ulrichsthal. Among his twelve brothers, Karl Ludwig von Littrow was a prominent astronomer. His daughter Lea von Littrow became a noted Fiuman painter. After graduating from high school, von Littrow came to the Fiume Naval Academy as a cadet. In addition to his theoretical training, he also served on various imperial warships. In 1840 he finished his training there as the best of his year and therefore he was sent to the University Observatory in Vienna for further studies - "higher astronomy". There he was a student of his father for some time and, after his unexpected death in 1841, also a student of his brother Karl Ludwig. ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Otto Von Littrow
Otto is a masculine German given name and a surname. It originates as an Old High German short form (variants ''Audo'', ''Odo'', ''Udo'') of Germanic names beginning in ''aud-'', an element meaning "wealth, prosperity". The name is recorded from the 7th century ( Odo, son of Uro, courtier of Sigebert III). It was the name of three 10th-century German kings, the first of whom was Otto I the Great, the first Holy Roman Emperor, founder of the Ottonian dynasty. The Gothic form of the prefix was ''auda-'' (as in e.g. '' Audaþius''), the Anglo-Saxon form was ''ead-'' (as in e.g. ''Eadmund''), and the Old Norse form was '' auð-''. The given name Otis arose from an English surname, which was in turn derived from ''Ode'', a variant form of ''Odo, Otto''. Due to Otto von Bismarck, the given name ''Otto'' was strongly associated with the German Empire in the later 19th century. It was comparatively frequently given in the United States (presumably in German American families) during ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Littrow Angle
A blazed grating – also called echelette grating (from French ''échelle'' = ladder) – is a special type of diffraction grating. It is optimized to achieve maximum grating efficiency in a given diffraction order. For this purpose, maximum optical power is concentrated in the desired diffraction order while the residual power in the other orders (particularly the zeroth) is minimized. Since this condition can only exactly be achieved for one wavelength, it is specified for which ''blaze wavelength'' the grating is optimized (or ''blazed''). The direction in which maximum efficiency is achieved is called the ''blaze angle'' and is the third crucial characteristic of a blazed grating directly depending on blaze wavelength and diffraction order. Blaze angle Like every optical grating, a blazed grating has a constant line spacing d, determining the magnitude of the wavelength splitting caused by the grating. The grating lines possess a triangular, sawtooth-shaped cross sec ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Littrow Prism
In optics, a Littrow prism or Littrow spectrograph or Littrow mirror is a retro-reflecting dispersing prism arranged in such a way that an incident light beam which enters at the Brewster angle undergoes minimal deviation and hence maximum dispersion. Littrow prisms are typically 30°/60°/90° prisms, with a reflective film coating on the surface opposite the 60° angle. It was devised by Otto von Littrow (1843—1864). Typically Littrow prisms are used in lasers at the end of an optical cavity to offer fine adjustment of the laser's output frequency by altering the angle of incidence. Before the ready availability of diffraction gratings Littrow prisms were used widely in spectroscopy Spectroscopy is the field of study that measures and interprets the electromagnetic spectra that result from the interaction between electromagnetic radiation and matter as a function of the wavelength or frequency of the radiation. Matter wa .... They are still used in some UV instruments a ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Lea Von Littrow
Leo von Littrow (17 March 1860 – 11 May 1925) was an Austrian- Fiuman painter known for her landscapes and marine paintings. Biography Leo von Littrow was born as Leontine Camilla von Littrow in Trieste and was always called "Leo" from an early age. She used the name "Leontine" or "Leo" von Littrow. As a member of an old Austrian-Czech family, she had well known ancestors. Her father Heinrich von Littrow, a famous frigate captain in the Austrian Navy, cartographer, poet and playwright that worked as the head of the Trade and Nautical Academy in Trieste and as the Royal Hungarian Maritime Inspector in Fiume. Her mother, Caroline Fanny Barry, like Leo's uncle Alfred Barry and Richard Barry, came from a wealthy banking and merchant family from Genoa and Trieste. Leo's grandfather was the imperial court astronomer Johann Joseph von Littrow. Her family was elevated to hereditary nobility in 1835. One of her uncles was the astronomer Karl Ludwig von Littrow, successor to his father Jos ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
