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List Of State Leaders In 1620
This is a list of state leaders in the 17th century (1601–1700) AD, except for the leaders within the Holy Roman Empire, and the leaders within South Asia. These polities are generally sovereign states, but excludes ''minor'' dependent territories, whose leaders can be found listed under territorial governors in the 17th century. For completeness, these lists can include colonies, protectorates, or other dependent territories that have since gained sovereignty. Africa Africa: Central ''Angola'' * Kasanje Kingdom ( complete list) – :*Kalanda ka Imbe, King (c.1600s) :*Kulashingo, King (c.1610–1616) :*Kasanje ka Kulashingo, King (c.1616–1620s) :*Kalunga ka Kilombo, King (c.1630s–1650) :*Ngongo a Mbande, King (c.1650–1680) :*Dom. Pascoal Machado, King (1680) :*Kingwangwa kya Kima, King (c.1680–1681) :*Kitamba kya Keta, King (1681–1690) :*Mwanya a Kasanje, King (c.1690s) :*Kiluanje kya Ngonga, King (c.1690s–1700s) *Kingdom of Kongo ( complete list) – ::' ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Lists Of State Leaders By Century
This is a list of head of state, heads of state, head of government, government leaders, and other rulers in any given century. 3rd millennium :''List of state leaders in the 21st century'' ::List of current heads of state and government, Current state leaders :::List of state leaders in 2022, '22 – List of state leaders in 2021, '21 – List of state leaders in 2020, '20 – List of state leaders in 2019, '19 – List of state leaders in 2018, '18 – List of state leaders in 2017, '17 – List of state leaders in 2016, '16 – List of state leaders in 2015, '15 – List of state leaders in 2014, '14 – List of state leaders in 2013, '13 – List of state leaders in 2012, '12 – List of state leaders in 2011, '11 – List of state leaders in 2010, '10 – List of state leaders in 2009, '09 – List of state leaders in 2008, '08 – List of state leaders in 2007, '07 – List of state leaders in 2006, '06 – List of state leaders in 2005, '05 – List of state leaders in 2004 ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Álvaro II Of Kongo
Álvaro II Nimi a Nkanga was king of Kongo from 1587 to 1614. He was one of Kongo's most powerful and important kings, who succeeded his father Álvaro I, but not until resolving a dispute with his brother. Both sides brought armies to São Salvador but to avoid bloodshed they agreed to single combat, won by Álvaro. Álvaro faced serious problems with other nobles besides his brother, and in 1590-91 was racked by a serious, though poorly documented civil war. In order to reestablish his authority, Álvaro had to accept the virtual independence of Miguel, the count of Soyo. In order to recognize those nobles who had been loyal to him during this struggle, Álvaro began granting habits of the Order of Christ to his followers. Kongo kings continued this order in the Kingdom of Kongo (see Order of Christ (Kongo)) and granted knighthoods in it through the 19th century, which continues by pretenders to the throne. During Álvaro's reign, the capital city, São Salvador was rec ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
António I Of Kongo
António I Vita a Nkanga (or Mvita a Nkanga) was a mwenekongo of the Kingdom of Kongo who ruled from 1661 to his defeat and death at the Battle of Mbwila on October 29, 1665. He was elected following the death of King Garcia II. Like the former king, António I pursued a foreign policy focused on removing the Portuguese from his region. Policy against the Portuguese Since 1620, Kongo and Portugal had been in a near-constant state of war with the only intervals coming after decisive BaKongo victories. After almost 30 years of decline in the face of BaKongo, Mbundu and Dutch military victories, the Portuguese had retaken their colonial possession in Luanda while establishing a tenuous peace with their old enemies. Feeling threatened by Portugal's return on Kongo's southern border, António I sought to renew Kongo's war against the Portuguese with a new alliance similar to the one at the Battle of Kitombo. Unable to rely on the Dutch for assistance, he sent emissaries to Spain but ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Garcia II Of Kongo
Garcia II Nkanga a Lukeni a Nzenze a Ntumba, also known as Garcia Afonso for short, ruled the Kingdom of Kongo from 23 January 1641 to 1661. He is sometimes considered Kongo's greatest king for his religious piety and his near expulsion of the Portuguese from Angola. Yet, he is also notorious for enriching himself through his leading role in the Atlantic slave trade. Early life Garcia and his brother Álvaro Nimi were born in the early 17th century. Both brothers attended the Jesuit college at São Salvador (modern M'banza-Kongo) soon after it was opened in 1620, where they studied with the Jesuit priest João de Paiva. As students, they joined the lay brotherhood of St. Ignatius. During his youth, Garcia obtained the nickname "Kipaku" ("Quipaco") of uncertain meaning. In 1634, when King Álvaro V was threatened by Daniel da Silva, Duke of Mbamba, the brothers came to the king's aid. Garcia was particularly valiant during the desperate battle in the County of Soyo, when the roy ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Álvaro VI Of Kongo
Álvaro VI of Kongo, sometimes called Nimi a Lukeni a Nzenze a Ntumba (in the Kikongo language), was a ruler of the Kingdom of Kongo. He was the first member of the Kinlaza kanda, and like his brother, Garcia II established the line in power. At the death of his predecessor, Alvaro IV an eleven year old candidate from the House of Kwilu, was overthrown by the ambitious Daniel da Silva, Duke of ''Mbamba''. Alvaro VI and his brother Garcia defended the young king. In gratitude Alvaro V awarded the future Alvaro VI with the duchy of ''Mbamba'' in 1634. Alvaro IV died shortly after and was succeeded by his half brother, Alvaro V who was then himself poisoned. Jealous members of the house of Kwilu, led by Gregorio, a court noble tried to engineer a coup to defeat Alvaro VI and his brother Garcia, but failed, and they stormed the capital and installed Alvaro VI as king on 26 February 1636. Gregorio, in turn went eastward and recruited the Duke of Mbata to assist in a counteratt ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Kinlaza
The Kinlaza were members of the Nlaza kanda or House of Kinlaza, one of the ruling houses of the Kingdom of Kongo during the 17th century. It was one of the main factions during the Kongo Civil War along with the Kimpanzu and Kinkanga a Mvika kandas. They are remembered in tradition and are evoked in a proverb, still current in the 1920s Nkutama a mvila za makanda "Kinkanga, Kimpanzu ye Kinlaza makukwa matatu malambila Kongo" (Kinkanga, Kimpanzu and Kinlaza are the three stones on which Kongo cooked). Etymology In KiKongo the language of the kingdom of Kongo, the name of the kanda is ''Nlaza''. The class ki- /-i form, which often refers to membership in a category (and thus includes, for example, village names) is Kinlaza. Thus, the Portuguese reference to the faction as the "House of Kinlaza" can be understood as the "House of Nlaza". Origins The exact genealogical origins of the Kinlaza lineage are unclear. By the early twentieth century, having a “Nlaza father” did not ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Álvaro V Of Kongo
Álvaro V of Kongo, also known as Álvaro V Mpanzu a Nimi, was the ruler of the Kingdom of Kongo for a short period in 1636. The king was part of the Kimpanzu kanda. He was a cousin to the founding monarchs of the Kinlaza kanda that would rule the kingdom until the Kongo Civil War. King Alvaro V took power after the poisoning of the young king Alvaro IV. King Alvaro V was jealous of the growing power and status of the future Alvaro VI and his brother. Bentley, William Holman, ''Pioneering on the Congo, Volume 1'', page 32. Fleming H. revel Co., 1990 He raised an army against them and was defeated. The brothers spared him and allowed him to continue as king. Six months later, the king made a second attempt, at which he was slain and the throne passed to King Alvaro VI of the Kinlaza. See also *Kingdom of Kongo *List of rulers of Kongo This is a list of the rulers of the Kingdom of Kongo known commonly as the Manikongos (KiKongo: Mwenekongo). Mwene (plural: Awene) in Kikong ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Kimpanzu
The Kimpanzu were members of the Mpanzu kanda also known as the House of Kimpanzu, one of the lineages from which the kings of Kongo were chosen during the 17th century and following Kongo's reunification under Pedro IV. They are remembered in tradition and are evoked in a proverb, still current in the 1920s Nkutama a mvila za makanda "Kinlaza, Kimpanzu ye Kinlaza makukwa matatu malambila Kongo" (Kinkanga, Kimpanzu and Kinlaza are the three stones on which Kongo cooked). Origins The Mpanzu kanda takes its name from King Álvaro V whom came to power in 1636. He was the half-brother of the young king Álvaro IV, though it is unclear if he shared the same father, Álvaro III. After Álvaro IV's murder, Álvaro V took the throne. Fall from power The Kimpanzu dynasty in Kongo would be a short one, and civil war continued between partisans of the Count of Soyo and a noble named Gregario. The Count and his allies, two Jesuit brothers once loyal to Álvaro IV, won. The brothers, ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Álvaro IV Of Kongo
Álvaro IV of Kongo, also known as Álvaro IV Nzinga a Nkuwu, was a ruler of the Kingdom of Kongo from 1631 to 1636. The king was the last of the House of Kwilu monarchs which had ruled the kingdom with only one intermission since 1567. He was a son of Álvaro III and took possession of the throne at age thirteen. He came to power during a time of great strife in the kingdom, and if not for the intervention of future kings Álvaro VI and Garcia II, his reign might have been much shorter. Only five years after being placed on the throne, the duke of Mbamba Daniel da Silva, marched on the capital of São Salvador on the pretence of "protecting his nephew from outsiders". The king fled with his protectors where they fought a pitched battle against da Silva's forces at a swamp. The king's forces under the leadership of Lukeni family brothers Álvaro and Garcia were victorious, and Álvaro IV was placed back on the throne. In 1636, the king died of poison and Álvaro V, a cousin of ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Ambrósio I Of Kongo
Ambrósio I Nimi a Nkanga was a mwenekongo of the Kingdom of Kongo who ruled from (March 1626 to March 7, 1631.) Rise to Power Ambrósio I was the nephew of Álvaro III and as such was a member of the royal House of Kwilu. When Alvaro III died on May 4 of 1622, he had only a young son to leave as heir. Instead of putting an easily manipulated juvenile on the throne at a time when the Portuguese under the renegade governor João Correia de Sousa was threatening the country, the royal council elected the Duke of Mbamba as King Pedro II. This ushered in the short-lived royal House of Nsundi. King Pedro II was peacefully succeeded by his son Garcia I but the calm was not to last. In 1626, Garcia was overthrown by disgruntled nobles led by Manuel Jordão the Duke of Nsundi. At the request of the royal ladies of the court, many of whom fervent partisans of the House of Kwilu, Jordão had Ambrósio crowned as king restoring the Kwilu kanda to power. Reign as King King Ambrósio fell out ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Garcia I Of Kongo
Garcia I Mvemba a Nkanga was a manikongo of Kingdom of Kongo, Kongo who ruled from April 27, 1624 to March 7, 1626. Early Reign Garcia I was the son of King Pedro II of Kongo, Pedro II.Heywood, Linda M. and John K. Thornton: "Central Africans, Atlantic Creoles, and the Foundation of the Americas, 1585-1660", page 141. Cambridge University Press, 2007 He was the second and last king from the House of Nsundi begun by his father in 1622. When Pedro II died in 1624, Garcia succeeded peacefully to the throne. Prior to his reign, his father had arranged for an anti-Portuguese alliance with the Dutch West India Company. When the Dutch arrived in 1624 ready to seize Luanda, António da Silva intercepted the fleet's delegation at Soyo.Heywood, Linda M. and John K. Thornton: "Central Africans, Atlantic Creoles, and the Foundation of the Americas, 1585-1660", page 140. Cambridge University Press, 2007 Acting against the wishes of the House of Nsundi, Silva feigned ignorance of the Dutch-Kongo ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Pedro II Of Kongo
Pedro II Nkanga a Mvika was a ruler of the kingdom of Kongo during the kingdom's first conflict with the Portuguese. He was the founder of the royal House of Nsundi and could trace his descent to one of Afonso I's daughters. He was succeeded by his son Garcia I, who was crowned in 1624. Career Pedro II served in the provincial government of Manikongo Álvaro III Nimi a Mpanzu as Marquis of Wembo and later as Duke of Mbamba. Manikongo Álvaro III had no heir apparent as he was a young man with older uncles who wished to rule. When he died in 1622, Pedro II was elected as a compromise candidate. King Pedro II's father was from the province of Nsundi, where Pedro himself was born, and thus his royal house is known by that name or simply the Kinkanga kanda. Character Pedro was widely regarded as a virtuous man and a model Christian. The Jesuits, who had recently arrived in Kongo held him up as a paragon of Christian deportment. War with Angola No sooner had he come to the throne t ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |