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List Of People Who Have Declined Or Renounced Indian Honours And Decorations
The following is an incomplete list of people who have either declined or renounced an Indian honour or decoration. These include recipients of the Bharat Ratna and the Padma awards (Padma Vibhushan, Padma Bhushan, Padma Shri), along with other Indian governmental awards. In some instances, the families of an intended posthumous recipient of a national honour have declined the award for various reasons. Since the honours system was instituted in 1954, approximately 50 individuals have either refused or returned their honours, most of which were awarded in the categories of Art and in Literature and Education. The President of India may cancel and annul any honour if the recipient commits any acts of criminal misconduct or otherwise abuses the award. As there are no specific guidelines for otherwise withdrawing a national honour from a recipient, the acts of returning/renouncing an award to register a protest, or refusing an award after an official awards list has been published, are ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Bharat Ratna
The Bharat Ratna (; ''Jewel of India'') is the highest Indian honours system, civilian award of the Republic of India. Instituted on 2 January 1954, the award is conferred in recognition of "exceptional service/performance of the highest order", without distinction of race, occupation, position, or sex. The award was originally limited to achievements in the arts, literature, science, and public services, but the Government of India, government expanded the criteria to include "any field of human endeavour" in December 2011. The recommendations for the Bharat Ratna are made by the Prime Minister of India, Prime Minister to the President of India, President, with a maximum of three nominees being awarded per year. The recipients receive a ''Sanad'' (certificate) signed by the President and a peepal leaf-shaped medallion. There is no monetary grant associated with the award. Bharat Ratna recipients rank seventh in the Indian order of precedence. The first recipients of the Bhara ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Ramakrishna Mission
Ramakrishna Mission (RKM) is a Hindu religious and spiritual organisation which forms the core of a worldwide spiritual movement known as the ''Ramakrishna Movement'' or the ''Vedanta Movement''. The mission is named after and inspired by the Indian spiritual Guru Ramakrishna Paramahamsa and founded by Ramakrishna's chief disciple Swami Vivekananda on 1 May 1897. The organisation mainly propagates the Hindu philosophy of Vedanta–Advaita Vedanta and four yogic ideals– Jnana, Bhakti, Karma, and Raja yoga. Apart from religious and spiritual teaching, the organisation carries out extensive educational and philanthropic work in India and abroad. This aspect came to be a feature of many other Hindu movements. The mission bases its work on the principles of karma yoga, the principle of selfless work done with a dedication to God. The Ramakrishna Mission has centres around the world and publishes many important Hindu texts. It is affiliated with the monastic organization. Viveka ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Krishna Sobti
Krishna Sobti (18 February 1925 – 25 January 2019) was an Indian Hindi-language fiction writer and essayist. She won the Sahitya Akademi Award in 1980 for her novel ''Zindaginama'' and in 1996, was awarded the Sahitya Akademi Fellowship, the highest award of the Akademi. In 2017, she received the Jnanpith Award for her contribution to Indian literature. Sobti is best known for her 1966 novel ''Mitro Marajani'', an unapologetic portrayal of a married woman's sexuality. She was also the recipient of the first Katha Chudamani Award, in 1999, for Lifetime Literary Achievement, apart from winning the Shiromani Award in 1981, Hindi Academy Award in 1982, Shalaka Award of the Hindi Academy Delhi and in 2008, her novel ''Samay Sargam'' was selected for Vyas Samman, instituted by the K. K. Birla Foundation. Considered the ''grande dame'' of Hindi literature, Krishna Sobti was born in Gujrat, Punjab, now in Pakistan; she also wrote under the name ''Hashmat'' and has published Hum Hash ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Sarvodaya
Sarvōdaya ( hi, सर्वोदय '' sarv-'' "all", '' uday'' "rising") is a Sanskrit term which generally means "universal uplift" or "progress of all". The term was used by Mahatma Gandhi as the title of his 1908 translation of John Ruskin's critique of political economy, ''Unto This Last'', and Gandhi came to use the term for the ideal of his own political philosophy. Later Gandhians, like the Indian nonviolence activist Vinoba Bhave, embraced the term as a name for the social movement in post-independence India which strove to ensure that self-determination and equality reached all strata of Indian society. Samantabhadra, an illustrious Digambara monk, as early as the 2nd century A.D., called the ''tīrtha'' of ''Mahāvīra'' (24th Tirthankara) by the name ''sarvodaya''. Origins and Gandhi's political ideal Gandhi received a copy of Ruskin's ''Unto This Last'' from a British friend, Mr. Henry Polak, while working as a lawyer in South Africa in 1904. In his ''Autobiograp ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Dattopant Thengadi
Dattopant Bapurao Thengadi, (Marathi: दत्तोपंत ठेंगडी, 1920–2004) was an Indian Hindu Ideologue, trade union leader and founder of the Swadeshi Jagaran Manch, Bharatiya Mazdoor Sangh and the Bharatiya Kisan Sangh. He is one of the foremost ideologues of Swadeshi economics. He was born in the village of Arvi in Wardha district in Maharashtra. Thengadi was a full-time Rashtriya Swayamsevak Sangh ''pracharak'' until his death on 14 October 2004. The kind of impact he left on the social and economic life of India was unique, and set the tone for generations to come. He has been one of the foremost advocates of the hallmark qualities of his lifestyle: simple living, in-depth study, deep thinking, clarity of thought, courage of the conviction and missionary zeal for the goal. He was awarded with Padma Bhushan but refused to accept it. Early history Dattopant Thengadi (Dattatreya Bapurao Thengadi) was born in the village of Arvi (Wardha, Maharashtra ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Rashtriya Swayamsevak Sangh
The Rashtriya Swayamsevak Sangh ( ; , , ) is an Indian right-wing, Hindu nationalist, paramilitary volunteer organisation. The RSS is the progenitor and leader of a large body of organisations called the Sangh Parivar (Hindi for "Sangh family"), which have presence in all facets of the Indian society. RSS was founded on 27 September 1925. , it has a membership of 5–6million. The initial impetus was to provide character training through Hindu discipline and to unite the Hindu community to form a Hindu Rashtra (Hindu nation). The organisation promotes the ideals of upholding Indian culture and the values of a civil society and spreads the ideology of Hindutva, to "strengthen" the Hindu community. It drew initial inspiration from European right-wing groups during World War II, such as the Italian Fascist Party. Gradually, RSS grew into a prominent Hindu nationalist umbrella organisation, spawning several affiliated organisations that established numerous schools, charities, an ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Keshub Mahindra
Keshub Mahindra (born 9 October 1923) is an Indian businessman, and the chairman emeritus of the Mahindra Group. He retired as chairman in August 2012 after heading the Group for nearly five decades, handing over the position to his nephew, Anand Mahindra. Mahindra is known for his philanthropy. He is a graduate from Wharton, University of Pennsylvania, US. He joined Mahindra & Mahindra in 1947, and in 1963 took over as chairman. Organizations and committees Mahindra has been appointed by the Government of India to serve on various committees, including the Sachar Commission on Company Law & MRTP, Central Advisory Council of Industries. In 1987, he was awarded the Chevalier de l'Ordre National de la Légion d'honneur by the French Government. From 2004 to 2010, he was a Member of the Prime Minister's Council on Trade & Industry, New Delhi. Mahindra is a member of the Apex Advisory Council of ASSOCHAM and is the President Emeritus of the Employers’ Federation of India. He is ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Ministry Of Human Resource Development
The Ministry of Education ( MoE; formerly the Ministry of Human Resource Development from 1985 to 2020) is a ministry of the Government of India, responsible for the implementation of the National Policy on Education. The Ministry is further divided into two departments: the Department of School Education and Literacy, which deals with primary, secondary and higher secondary education, adult education and literacy, and the Department of Higher Education, which deals with university level education, technical education, scholarships, etc. The current education minister is Dharmendra Pradhan, a member of the Council of Ministers. India had the Ministry of Education since 1947. In 1985, Rajiv Gandhi government changed its name to Ministry of Human Resource Development (MHRD) and with the public announcement of newly drafted "National Education Policy 2020" by the Narendra Modi government, Ministry of Human Resource Development was renamed back to Ministry of Education. Policy ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Romila Thapar
Romila Thapar (born 30 November 1931) is an Indian historian. Her principal area of study is ancient India, a field in which she is pre-eminent. Quotr: "The pre-eminent interpreter of ancient Indian history today. ... " Thapar is a Professor of Ancient History, Emerita, at the Jawaharlal Nehru University in New Delhi. Thapar's special contribution is the use of social-historical methods to understand change in the mid-first millennium BCE in northern India. As lineage-based Indo-Aryan pastoral groups moved into the Gangetic Plain, they created rudimentary forms of caste-based states. The epics ''Ramayana'' and the ''Mahabharata'', in her analysis, offer vignettes of how these groups and others negotiated new, more complex, forms of loyalty in which stratification, purity, and exclusion played a greater if still fluid role. Quote: "Among the major historians of ancient India in recent times, Thapar's emphasis on social history differentiates her approach from that of the cu ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Nikhil Chakravarty
Nikhil Chakravartty (1913–1998) was an Indian journalist. Biography Chakravartty was born on 3 November 1913 in India's northeastern state of Assam. He was the founder-editor of the respected current affairs weekly ''Mainstream''. He graduated from the University of Calcutta and went on to study at Merton College, Oxford. Chakravarty taught history at Calcutta University in the 1930s before taking to journalism. Before plunging into active journalism, he was special correspondent of the Communist Party of India’s People’s War'' and ''People’s Age''. ''In 1959, he set up the India Press Agency and immediately broke the story on the alleged espionage activities of the then Prime Minister's personal assistant, M. O. Mathai. The story rocked parliament and Mathai was forced to resign. He then founded Mainstream with which he was associated, first as editor then as adviser until his death. Between 1975 and 1977 he played a key role in press freedom and with other senior j ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Sisir Bhaduri
Shishir Kumar Bhaduri or Sisir Kumar Bhaduri (2 October 1889 – 30 June 1959) was an Indian stage actor and theatre founder, who commonly referred to as the pioneer of modern Bengali theatre, where he was an actor, director, playwright and even scenic designer. He was survived by one son named, Asoke Kumar Bhaduri. Dhruba Kumar Bhaduri and Shubha Kumar Bhaduri were two of his grandsons. After Girish Chandra Ghosh, he introduced realism and naturalism to theatre. He was awarded the Padma Bhushan, India's third highest civilian honour by the Government of India in 1959. He refused to take Padma award, saying that if he takes the award, it will send wrong signal that government have helped promoting theatre culture in the country. Born in Mednipore, West Bengal, he studied at Scottish Church College Kolkata, where he started participating in theatre. He was also a professor of Metropolitan College (today's Vidyasagar College). In 1921, he left his job to become full-time stage a ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Bengali Theatre
Bengali theatre primarily refers to theatre performed in the Bengali language. Bengali theatre is produced mainly in West Bengal, and in Bangladesh. The term may also refer to some Hindi theatres which are accepted by the Bengali people. Bengali theatre has its origins in British rule. It began as private entertainment in the early 19th century. In the pre-independence period, Bengali theatres played a pivotal role in manifesting dislike of the British Raj. After the independence of India in 1947, leftist movements in West Bengal used theatre as a tool for social awareness. This added some unique characteristics to the art form that still have strong effects. These groups differentiate themselves ideologically from commercial Bengali theatre. Types The many theatres in West Bengal can be broadly divided into Kolkata-based theatres and rural theatres. Outside Bengali-speaking areas, the term "Bengali theatre" primarily refers to Kolkata-based groups, as the rural theatres are ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
