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List Of Hydrodynamic Instabilities Named After People
This is a list of hydrodynamic and plasma instabilities named after people (eponymous instabilities). {, class="wikitable" ! Instability !! Field !! Named for , - , Benjamin–Feir instability , , Surface gravity waves , , T. Brooke Benjamin and Jim E. Feir , - , Buneman instability , , Plasma physics , , Oscar Buneman , - , Chandrasekhar–Donnelly instability , , Taylor-Couette instability of Helium II , , Subrahmanyan Chandrasekhar and R.J. Donnelly , - , Cherenkov instability , , Plasma physics , , Pavel Alekseevič Čerenkov , - , Chromo-Weibel instability , , Plasma physics , , E. S. Weibel , - , Crow instability , , Aerodynamics , , S. C. Crow , - , Darrieus–Landau instability , , Stability of propagating flame , , Georges Jean Marie Darrieus and Lev Landau , - , Dean instability , , Stability of flow in a curved pipe , , William Reginald Dean , - , D'Yakov–Kontorovich instability , , Stability of a plane shock , , S. P. D'Yakov and V ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Benjamin–Feir Instability
In the fields of nonlinear optics and fluid dynamics, modulational instability or sideband instability is a phenomenon whereby deviations from a periodic waveform are reinforced by nonlinearity, leading to the generation of spectral-sidebands and the eventual breakup of the waveform into a train of pulses. It is widely believed that the phenomenon was first discovered − and modeled − for periodic surface gravity waves ( Stokes waves) on deep water by T. Brooke Benjamin and Jim E. Feir, in 1967. Therefore, it is also known as the Benjamin−Feir instability. However, spatial modulation instability of high-power lasers in organic solvents was observed by Russian scientists N. F. Piliptetskii and A. R. Rustamov in 1965, and the mathematical derivation of modulation instability was published by V. I. Bespalov and V. I. Talanov in 1966. Modulation instability is a possible mechanism for the generation of rogue waves. Initial instability and gain Modulation instability only happen ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Farley–Buneman Instability
The Farley–Buneman instability, or FB instability, is a microscopic plasma instability named after Donald T. Farley and Oscar Buneman. It is similar to the ionospheric Rayleigh-Taylor instability. It occurs in collisional plasma with neutral component, and is driven by drift currents. It can be thought of as a modified two-stream instability arising from the difference in drifts of electrons and ions exceeding the ion acoustic speed. It is present in the equatorial and polar ionospheric E-regions. In particular, it occurs in the equatorial electrojet due to the drift of electrons relative to ions, and also in the trails behind ablating meteoroids. Since the FB fluctuations can scatter electromagnetic waves, the instability can be used to diagnose the state of ionosphere by the use of electromagnetic pulses. Conditions To derive the dispersion relation below, we make the following assumptions. First, quasi-neutrality is assumed. This is appropriate if we restrict ourse ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Vitaly Shafranov
Vitaly Dmitrievich Shafranov (russian: Виталий Дмитриевич Шафранов; December 1, 1929 – June 9, 2014) was a Russian theoretical physicist and Academician who worked with plasma physics and thermonuclear fusion research. Life Vitaly Dmitrievich Shafranov was born in the village of Mordvinovo in Ryazan region in 1929. During World War II, Schafranov attended the school and worked together with his father building roads. In 1943 he got his first national award at the age 14. From 1946, Schafranov studied at the Physics Department of the Moscow State University. After graduating in 1951, he started to work with nuclear fusion in the Theory Department headed by Mikhail Aleksandrovich Leontovich at LIPAN (Laboratory of Measuring Instruments of the USSR Academy of Sciences) as today's Russian Research Centre "Kurchatov Institute" was known at the time. He examined tokamaks stability and gave some parameter estimation for Soviet tokamak experiments. He also deal ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Martin David Kruskal
Martin David Kruskal (; September 28, 1925 – December 26, 2006) was an American mathematician and physicist. He made fundamental contributions in many areas of mathematics and science, ranging from plasma physics to general relativity and from nonlinear analysis to asymptotic analysis. His most celebrated contribution was in the theory of solitons. He was a student at the University of Chicago and at New York University, where he completed his Ph.D. under Richard Courant in 1952. He spent much of his career at Princeton University, as a research scientist at the Plasma Physics Laboratory starting in 1951, and then as a professor of astronomy (1961), founder and chair of the Program in Applied and Computational Mathematics (1968), and professor of mathematics (1979). He retired from Princeton University in 1989 and joined the mathematics department of Rutgers University, holding the David Hilbert Chair of Mathematics. Apart from serious mathematical work, Kruskal was k ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Kink Instability
A kink instability (also kink oscillation or kink mode), is a current-driven plasma instability characterized by transverse displacements of a plasma column's cross-section from its center of mass without any change in the characteristics of the plasma. It typically develops in a thin plasma column carrying a strong axial current which exceeds the Kruskal–Shafranov limit and is sometimes known as the Kruskal–Shafranov (kink) instability. The kink instability was first widely explored in fusion power machines with Z-pinch configurations in the 1950s. It is one of the common magnetohydrodynamic instability modes which can develop in a pinch plasma and is sometimes referred to as the m=1 mode. (The other is the m=0 mode known as the sausage instability.) If a "kink" begins to develop in a column the magnetic force In physics (specifically in electromagnetism) the Lorentz force (or electromagnetic force) is the combination of electric and magnetic force on a point charge due to ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Hermann Von Helmholtz
Hermann Ludwig Ferdinand von Helmholtz (31 August 1821 – 8 September 1894) was a German physicist and physician who made significant contributions in several scientific fields, particularly hydrodynamic stability. The Helmholtz Association, the largest German association of research institutions, is named in his honor. In the fields of physiology and psychology, Helmholtz is known for his mathematics concerning the eye, theories of vision, ideas on the visual perception of space, color vision research, the sensation of tone, perceptions of sound, and empiricism in the physiology of perception. In physics, he is known for his theories on the conservation of energy, work in electrodynamics, chemical thermodynamics, and on a mechanical foundation of thermodynamics. As a philosopher, he is known for his philosophy of science, ideas on the relation between the laws of perception and the laws of nature, the science of aesthetics, and ideas on the civilizing power of science. ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
William Thomson, 1st Baron Kelvin
William Thomson, 1st Baron Kelvin, (26 June 182417 December 1907) was a British mathematician, mathematical physicist and engineer born in Belfast. Professor of Natural Philosophy at the University of Glasgow for 53 years, he did important work in the mathematical analysis of electricity and formulation of the first and second laws of thermodynamics, and did much to unify the emerging discipline of physics in its contemporary form. He received the Royal Society's Copley Medal in 1883, was its president 1890–1895, and in 1892 was the first British scientist to be elevated to the House of Lords. Absolute temperatures are stated in units of kelvin in his honour. While the existence of a coldest possible temperature ( absolute zero) was known prior to his work, Kelvin is known for determining its correct value as approximately −273.15 degrees Celsius or −459.67 degrees Fahrenheit. The Joule–Thomson effect is also named in his honour. He worked closely with mathematics ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Kelvin–Helmholtz Instability
The Kelvin–Helmholtz instability (after Lord Kelvin and Hermann von Helmholtz) is a fluid instability that occurs when there is velocity shear in a single continuous fluid or a velocity difference across the interface between two fluids. Kelvin-Helmholtz instabilities are visible in the atmospheres of planets and moons, such as in cloud formations on Earth or the Red Spot on Jupiter, and the atmospheres of the Sun and other stars. Theory overview and mathematical concepts Fluid dynamics predicts the onset of instability and transition to turbulent flow within fluids of different densities moving at different speeds. If surface tension is ignored, two fluids in parallel motion with different velocities and densities yield an interface that is unstable to short-wavelength perturbations for all speeds. However, surface tension is able to stabilize the short wavelength instability up to a threshold velocity. If the density and velocity vary continuously in space (wi ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
James Jeans
Sir James Hopwood Jeans (11 September 187716 September 1946) was an English physicist, astronomer and mathematician. Early life Born in Ormskirk, Lancashire, the son of William Tulloch Jeans, a parliamentary correspondent and author. Jeans was educated at Merchant Taylors' School, Wilson's Grammar School, Camberwell and Trinity College, Cambridge. As a gifted student, Jeans was counselled to take an aggressive approach to the Cambridge Mathematical Tripos competition: Career Jeans was elected Fellow of Trinity College in October 1901, and taught at Cambridge, but went to Princeton University in 1904 as a professor of applied mathematics. He returned to Cambridge in 1910. He made important contributions in many areas of physics, including quantum theory, the theory of radiation and stellar evolution. His analysis of rotating bodies led him to conclude that Pierre-Simon Laplace's theory that the solar system formed from a single cloud of gas was incorrect, proposing instead th ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Jeans Instability
In stellar physics, the Jeans instability causes the collapse of interstellar gas clouds and subsequent star formation, named after James Jeans. It occurs when the internal gas pressure is not strong enough to prevent gravitational collapse of a region filled with matter. For stability, the cloud must be in hydrostatic equilibrium, which in case of a spherical cloud translates to: :\frac = -\frac, where M_\text(r) is the enclosed mass, p is the pressure, \rho(r) is the density of the gas (at radius r), G is the gravitational constant, and r is the radius. The equilibrium is stable if small perturbations are damped and unstable if they are amplified. In general, the cloud is unstable if it is either very massive at a given temperature or very cool at a given mass; under these circumstances, the gas pressure cannot overcome gravity, and the cloud will collapse. The Jeans instability likely determines when star formation occurs in molecular clouds. Jeans mass The Jeans mass is nam ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Jørgen Holmboe
Jørgen Holmboe (November 8, 1902 – October 29, 1979) was a Norwegian-American meteorologist. Life and career Jørgen Holmboe was born near Hammerfest, Norway, on an island a short distance from the northernmost point in Norway. He was the son of priest Leonhard Christian Borchgrevink Holmboe, Jr. and his wife Thea Louise Schetelig. He had several brothers and sisters. His great-grandfather Leonhard Christian Borchgrevink Holmboe was a priest and national politician.Norwegian He received his early education from his father, who was a minister, attended secondary school in Tromsø, and took his university entrance examinations in Bodø. He entered the University of Oslo in 1922. In 1925, he was appointed research assistant to Professor Vilhelm Bjerknes, who had moved from Bergen where as founding director of the Geophysical Institute he had led development of the Bergen School of Meteorology. In 1930, he passed his Candidate Real examinations and took a position as meteoro ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Holmboe Instability
Holmboe is a Scandinavian surname. Notable people with the surname include: Norwegian family * Jens Holmboe (bailiff) (1752–1804), Norwegian bailiff * Even Hammer Holmboe (1792–1859), Norwegian politician, child of Jens Holmboe * Hans Holmboe (1798–1868), Norwegian educator and politician, child of Jens Holmboe * Leonhard Christian Borchgrevink Holmboe (1802–1887), Norwegian priest and politician, child of Jens Holmboe * Jens Holmboe (politician) (1821–1891), Norwegian politician, grandchild of Jens Holmboe * Conrad Holmboe (1828–1923), Norwegian businessman, grandchild of Jens Holmboe * Johan Henrik Rye Holmboe (1863–1933), Norwegian politician, great-grandchild of Jens Holmboe * Thorolf Holmboe (1866–1935), Norwegian painter, great-grandchild of Jens Holmboe * Cornelius Holmboe (1881–1947), Norwegian politician, great-grandchild of Jens Holmboe * Carl Fredrik Holmboe (1882-1960), Norwegian engineer, great-grandchild of Jens Holmboe * Joachim Holmboe Rønneberg ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
