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List Of Adaptins
Clathrin adaptor proteins, also known as adaptins, are proteins that mediate the formation of vesicles for intracellular trafficking and secretion. Adaptins are clustered subunits of adaptor protein (AP) complexes. There are several types of adaptin, each related to a different AP complex. Adaptins show sequence similarity to some COPI subunits, thus they are thought to have a common evolutionary origin. The adaptin is a heterotetramer consisting of two large adaptins (beta and one other depending on the complex), a medium adaptin (mu), and a small adaptin (sigma): * complex 1 ** AP1B1 ** AP1G1 ** AP1G2 ** AP1M1 ** AP1M2 ** AP1S1 ** AP1S2 *AP1S3* complex 2 ** AP2A1 ** AP2A2 ** AP2B1 ** AP2M1 ** AP2S1 * complex 3 ** AP3B1 ** AP3B2 ** AP3D1 ** AP3M1 *AP3M2** AP3S1 ** AP3S2 AP-3 complex subunit sigma-2 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the ''AP3S2'' gene. Interactions AP3S2 has been shown to interact Advocates for Informed Choice, doing business as, dba interACT o ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Clathrin Adaptor Proteins
Clathrin adaptor proteins, also known as adaptins, are vesicular transport adaptor proteins associated with clathrin. These proteins are synthesized in the ribosomes, processed in the endoplasmic reticulum and transported from the Golgi apparatus to the trans-Golgi network, and from there via small carrier vesicles to their final destination compartment. The association between adaptins and clathrin are important for vesicular cargo selection and transporting. Clathrin coats contain both clathrin (acts as a scaffold) and adaptor complexes that link clathrin to receptors in coated vesicles. Clathrin-associated protein complexes are believed to interact with the cytoplasmic tails of membrane proteins, leading to their selection and concentration. Therefore, adaptor proteins are responsible for the recruitment of cargo molecules into a growing clathrin-coated pits. The two major types of clathrin adaptor complexes are the heterotetrameric vesicular transport adaptor proteins (AP1-5 ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
AP3B1
AP-3 complex subunit beta-1 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the ''AP3B1'' gene. Function This gene encodes a protein that may play a role in organelle biogenesis associated with melanosomes, platelet dense granules, and lysosomes. The encoded protein is part of the heterotetrameric AP-3 protein complex which interacts with the scaffolding protein clathrin. Mutations in this gene are associated with Hermansky–Pudlak syndrome type 2. Interactions AP3B1 has been shown to interact with AP3S2 AP-3 complex subunit sigma-2 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the ''AP3S2'' gene. Interactions AP3S2 has been shown to interact Advocates for Informed Choice, doing business as, dba interACT or interACT Advocates for Intersex Youth, .... References External links GeneReviews/NCBI/NIH/UW entry on Hermansky-Pudlak Syndrome* Further reading * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * {{gene-5-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
AP5M1
AP-5 complex subunit mu (AP5M1), otherwise known as MUDENG (MuD), is a protein that is encoded by the ''AP5M1'' gene. The AP5M1 gene was originally discovered when screening for genes which helped to promote death in Fas-mediated apoptosis. It is a highly conserved gene. MuD is the medium-sized subunit of the AP5 adaptor complex. MuD is expressed throughout the body and is located within both the mitochondria as well as the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) of cells. MuD has been shown to have the ability to induce apoptosis; however, there is evidence that it plays an anti-apoptotic role in apoptosis mediated by tumor necrosis factor-related apoptosis-inducing ligand (TRAIL). Structure MuD consists of 490 amino acids that interact to form a tertiary structure with three domains. The overall structure shares similarities with adaptor protein (AP) complexes that are related to clathrin-mediated endocytosis; amino acids 197 through 417 are a shared adaptin domain found in AP μ ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
AP5B1
AP-5 complex subunit beta (AP5B1) is a protein that in humans is encoded by the ''AP5B1'' gene. Function The protein encoded by this gene is one of two large subunits of the AP5 adaptor complex. Variants in this gene have not been implicated in any disease but damaging variants in AP5Z1, the gene encoding the other large subunit in this complex, are associated with SPG48, a type of hereditary spastic paraplegia. In addition, damaging variants in the genes encoding two proteins that stably associate with the AP-5 adaptor complex are also associated with forms of hereditary spastic paraplegia - SPG11 with the disease of the same name and ZFYVE26 Zinc finger, FYVE domain containing 26 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the ZFYVE26 gene. Function This gene encodes a protein which contains a FYVE zinc finger binding domain. The presence of this domain is thought to target these pr ... with SPG15. GnomAD reports an observed v. expected ratio of predicted loss-of-funct ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
AP5Z1
AP-5 complex subunit zeta (AP5Z1) is a protein that in humans is encoded by the ''AP5Z1'' gene. Function The protein encoded by this gene is one of two large subunits of the AP5 adaptor complex. Damaging variants in this gene are associated with SPG48, a type of hereditary spastic paraplegia Hereditary spastic paraplegia (HSP) is a group of inherited diseases whose main feature is a progressive gait disorder. The disease presents with progressive stiffness (spasticity) and contraction in the lower limbs. HSP is also known as hereditar .... References [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
AP4S1
AP-4 complex subunit sigma-1 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the ''AP4S1'' gene. Function The heterotetrameric adaptor protein (AP) complexes sort integral membrane proteins at various stages of the endocytic and secretory pathways. AP4 is composed of 2 large chains, beta-4 ( AP4B1) and epsilon-4 ( AP4E1), a medium chain, mu-4 (AP4M1), and a small chain, sigma-4 (AP4S1, this gene). Clinical relevance Deficiency of AP-4 leads to childhood-onset hereditary spastic paraplegia and it is currently hypothesized that AP4-complex-mediated trafficking plays a crucial role in brain development and functioning. See also * AP2 adaptor complex The AP2 adaptor complex is a multimeric protein that works on the cell membrane to internalize cargo in clathrin-mediated endocytosis. It is a stable complex of four adaptins which give rise to a structure that has a core domain and two appendage d ... References External links * Further reading * * {{refend Proteins ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
AP4M1
AP-4 complex subunit mu-1 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the ''AP4M1'' gene. Function This gene encodes a subunit of the heterotetrameric AP-4 complex. The encoded protein belongs to the adaptor complexes medium subunits family. This AP-4 complex is involved in the recognition and sorting of cargo proteins with tyrosine-based motifs from the trans-golgi network to the endosomal-lysosomal system. Interactions AP4M1 has been shown to interact Advocates for Informed Choice, dba interACT or interACT Advocates for Intersex Youth, is a 501(c)(3) nonprofit organization using innovative strategies to advocate for the legal and human rights of children with intersex traits. The organizati ... with AP4B1. Clinical relevance The AP4-complex-mediated trafficking plays a crucial role in brain development and functioning. References External links * * Further reading * * * * * * * * {{gene-7-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
AP4E1
AP-4 complex subunit epsilon-1 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the ''AP4E1'' gene. Function The heterotetrameric adaptor protein (AP) complexes sort integral membrane proteins at various stages of the endocytic and secretory pathways. AP4 is composed of 2 large chains, beta-4 ( AP4B1) and epsilon-4 (AP4E1; this gene), a medium chain, mu-4 (AP4M1), and a small chain, sigma-4 (AP4S1). Clinical relevance It is currently hypothesized that AP4-complex-mediated trafficking plays a crucial role in brain development and functioning. Model organisms Model organisms have been used in the study of AP4E1 function. A conditional knockout mouse line, called ''Ap4e1tm1a(KOMP)Wtsi'' was generated as part of the International Knockout Mouse Consortium program — a high-throughput mutagenesis project to generate and distribute animal models of disease to interested scientists. Male and female animals underwent a standardized phenotypic screen to determine the effects of dele ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
AP4B1
AP-4 complex subunit beta-1 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the ''AP4B1'' gene. Function The heterotetrameric adaptor protein (AP) complexes sort integral membrane proteins at various stages of the endocytic and secretory pathways. AP4 is composed of 2 large chains, beta-4 (AP4B1, this protein) and epsilon-4 (AP4E1), a medium chain, mu-4 (AP4M1), and a small chain, sigma-4 (AP4S1) Interactions AP4B1 has been shown to interact with AP4M1 AP-4 complex subunit mu-1 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the ''AP4M1'' gene. Function This gene encodes a subunit of the heterotetrameric AP-4 complex. The encoded protein belongs to the adaptor complexes medium subunits family. Thi .... Clinical relevance AP4-complex-mediated trafficking plays a crucial role in brain development and functioning. References External links * PDBe-KBprovides an overview of all the structure information available in the PDB for Human AP-4 complex subunit beta-1 Further readin ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
AP3S2
AP-3 complex subunit sigma-2 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the ''AP3S2'' gene. Interactions AP3S2 has been shown to interact with AP3B1 AP-3 complex subunit beta-1 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the ''AP3B1'' gene. Function This gene encodes a protein that may play a role in organelle biogenesis associated with melanosomes, platelet dense granules, and lysosomes. Th .... References Further reading * * * * * * * * * * * * External links * * {{protein-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
AP3S1
AP-3 complex subunit sigma-1 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the ''AP3S1'' gene In biology, the word gene (from , ; "...Wilhelm Johannsen coined the word gene to describe the Mendelian units of heredity..." meaning ''generation'' or ''birth'' or ''gender'') can have several different meanings. The Mendelian gene is a ba .... References External links * Further reading * * * * * * {{protein-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
AP3M1
AP-3 complex subunit mu-1 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the ''AP3M1'' gene. The protein encoded by this gene is the medium subunit of AP-3, which is an adaptor-related protein complex associated with the Golgi region as well as more peripheral intracellular structures. AP-3 facilitates the budding of vesicles from the Golgi membrane and may be directly involved in protein sorting to the endosomal/lysosomal system. AP-3 is a heterotetrameric protein complex composed of two large subunits (delta and beta3), a medium subunit ( mu3), and a small subunit ( sigma 3). Mutations in one of the large subunits of AP-3 have been associated with the Hermansky-Pudlak syndrome, a genetic disorder characterized by defective lysosome-related organelles In cell biology, an organelle is a specialized subunit, usually within a cell, that has a specific function. The name ''organelle'' comes from the idea that these structures are parts of cells, as organs are to the body, hence ''or ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
