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List Of Protestant Reformers
This is an alphabetical list of Protestant Reformers. A * Johannes Aepinus * Johann Agricola Eisleben * Ludwig Agricola * Mikael Agricola * Stephan Agricola * Erasmus Alber * Matthäus Alber * Alexander Alesius * Symphorian Altbießer * Andreas Althamer * Menso Alting * Johannes Amandi * Nikolaus von Amsdorf * Jakob Andreae * Laurentius Andreae * Georg Aportanus * Caspar Aquila * Benedictus Aretius * James Arminius * Jan Augusta * Johannes Aurifaber (Vimariensis) * Johannes Aurifaber (Vratislaviensis) B * Johannes Bader * Bartholomäus Bernhardi * Louis de Berquin * Jacob Beurlin * Christian Beyer * Hartmann Beyer * Johann Bernhard * Théodore de Bèze * Theodor Bibliander * Theobald Billicanus * Ambrosius Blarer * Andreas Bodenstein * Hermann Bonnus * Anne Boleyn * Caspar Borner * Martin Borrhaus * Johannes Brenz * Guido de Bres * Johann Briesmann * Gregor Brück * Leonhard Brunner * Martin Bucer * George Buchanan * Georg Buchholzer * Johannes Bugenh ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Protestant Reformers
Protestant Reformers were those theologians whose careers, works and actions brought about the Protestant Reformation of the 16th century. In the context of the Reformation, Martin Luther was the first reformer (sharing his views publicly in 1517), followed by people like Andreas Karlstadt and Philip Melanchthon at Wittenberg, who promptly joined the new movement. In 1519, Huldrych Zwingli became the first reformer to express a form of the Reformed tradition. Listed are the most influential reformers only. They are listed by movement, although some reformers (e.g. Martin Bucer) influenced multiple movements. Notable precursors According to Edmund Hamer Broadbent, throughout the Middle Ages, there were a number of Christian movements that sought a return to what they perceived as the purity of the Apostolic church and whose teachings foreshadowed Protestant ideas. * Claudius of Turin * Gottschalk of Orbais * Berengar of Tours * Peter Waldo * Lorenzo Valla * Wessel G ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Caspar Aquila
Caspar Aquila (sometimes Kaspar or Gaspar Aquila; 7 August 148812 November 1560), born Johann Kaspar Adler, was a German Lutheran theologian and reformer. Biography He was born at Augsburg, and educated there, at Ulm (1502), in Italy (he met Erasmus in Rome), at Bern (1508), and studied theology in Leipzig (1510) and Wittenberg (1513). According to his son, he entered the ministry in August 1514, while at Bern. He was for some time a military chaplain. In 1516, he became pastor of Jengen, near Augsburg, where he introduced ideas of the Reformation. Openly proclaiming his adhesion to Martin Luther's doctrine, he was imprisoned for half a year (1520 or 1522) at Dillingen, by order of the bishop of Augsburg; a death sentence was commuted to banishment through the influence of Isabella, wife of Christian II of Denmark and sister of Charles V. Returning to Wittenberg, he met Luther, and acted as tutor to the sons of Franz von Sickingen at Ebernburg castle. After the siege of the E ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Théodore De Bèze
Theodore Beza ( la, Theodorus Beza; french: Théodore de Bèze or ''de Besze''; June 24, 1519 – October 13, 1605) was a French Calvinist Protestant theologian, reformer and scholar who played an important role in the Protestant Reformation. He was a disciple of John Calvin and lived most of his life in Geneva. Beza succeeded Calvin as a spiritual leader of the Republic of Geneva, which was originally founded by John Calvin himself. Biography Early life Theodore Beza was born at Vézelay, in Burgundy, France. His father, Pierre de Beze, royal governor of Vézelay, descended from a Burgundian family of distinction; his mother, Marie Bourdelot, was known for her generosity. Beza's father had two brothers; Nicholas, who was member of Parliament at Paris; and Claude, who was abbot of the Cistercian monastery of Froimont in the diocese of Beauvais. Nicholas, who was unmarried, during a visit to Vézelay was so pleased with Theodore that, with the permission of his parents, he ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Johann Bernhard
Johann, typically a male given name, is the German form of ''Iohannes'', which is the Latin form of the Greek name ''Iōánnēs'' (), itself derived from Hebrew name ''Yochanan'' () in turn from its extended form (), meaning "Yahweh is Gracious" or "Yahweh is Merciful". Its English language equivalent is John. It is uncommon as a surname. People People with the name Johann include: A–K * Johann Adam Hiller (1728–1804), German composer * Johann Adam Reincken (1643–1722), Dutch/German organist * Johann Adam Remele (died 1740), German court painter * Johann Adolf I, Duke of Saxe-Weissenfels (1649–1697) * Johann Adolph Hasse (1699-1783), German Composer * Johann Altfuldisch (1911—1947), German Nazi SS concentration camp officer executed for war crimes * Johann Andreas Eisenmenger (1654–1704), German Orientalist * Johann Baptist Wanhal (1739–1813), Czech composer * Johann Bernhard Fischer von Erlach (1656–1723), Austrian architect * Johann Bernoulli (1667–1748), ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Hartmann Beyer
Hartmann is a Germanic and Ashkenazi Jewish surname. It is less frequently used as a male given name. The name originates from the Germanic word, "hart", which translates in English to "hardy", "hard", or "tough" and "Mann", a suffix meaning "man", "person", or "husband". The name Hartman, distinguished by ending with a single "n", is generally the result of the anglicisation of names that occurred with the emigration of persons from German-speaking to anglophone nations in the 18th, 19th and early 20th century. Below is a list of notable individuals and fictional characters with the surname or given name of Hartmann. Arts and media * Hartmann von Aue (c. 1170 – c. 1210) German poet * Lukas Hartmann (1944), Swiss novelist and children's literature writer * Manoah Hartmann, contestant on ''Canadian Idol'' (season 2) * Moritz Hartmann (1821–1872), German Jewish poet * Oluf Hartmann (1879–1910), Danish painter * Petra Hartmann (b 1970), German author and literature scientist ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Christian Beyer
Christian Beyer (1482, Kleinlangheim – 21 October 1535, Weimar) was a Saxon Chancellor, international lawyer and Protestant reformer. In documents partially different names and spellings can be found (''Bayer, Peyer, Bayarius, Bayoarius, Bavarus, Cristoferus Bauari'', etc.). Personalia Christian Beyer was born in 1482 Kleinlangheim in Lower Franconia, now part of Bavaria the son of the town bailiff Hans Beyer. He enrolled in winter semester 1500/1501 at the University of Erfurt, Thuringia. In the summer of 1503 the young Franken was accredited as Cristoferus Bauari de Lanckhem (i.e. Christianus Baierus, Quinomen Magnum.) to the free University of Wittenberg in the former spa town of Wittenberg in Saxony. According to the historic collection of Wittenberg University, he became one of the first students at the newly founded free establishment with a fast gaining reputation. In 1505 he obtained the master's degree and in 1507 they called the highly talented young man as ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Jacob Beurlin
Jakob Beurlin (1520 – 28 October 1561) was a German Lutheran theologian and Protestant reformer. Life Beurlin was born in Dornstetten. In November 1533, he entered the University of Tübingen. When the Protestant Reformation was introduced there in 1534, he remained faithful to Catholicism, diligently studying philosophy and the writings of the Church Fathers. His transition to the new doctrine took place quietly. In 1541 he was made administrator of the Martinianum, a foundation for needy students, and at the same time lectured on philosophy. In 1549 he accepted the pastorate of Derendingen near Tübingen, and in 1551 he was called as professor to Tübingen. On 2 June 1557 he examined and signed, together with other theologians, the '' Confessio Virtembergica'', which had been prepared for the Council of Trent, and in the month of August, together with Johannes Brenz's friend Johann Isenmann, he went to Langensalza and afterward to Saxony to come to an understanding wit ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Louis De Berquin
Louis de Berquin (c. 1490 – 17 April 1529) was a French lawyer, civil servant, linguist, lapidary, and Protestant reformer in the 16th century. He was burned at the stake as a heretic in April 1529 for refusing to recant his beliefs. Life and work Berquin was born of noble family around 1490 in Vieux-Berquin. Coming into contact with Christian humanists such as Erasmus and Jacques Lefèvre d'Étaples he began to study the Bible for himself and to advocate reform of the French Catholic Church from within. He desired to free France from the power of the pope. His writings aroused fierce opposition among traditional scholars. However, King Francis I and his sister Marguerite of Valois intervened in his behalf.Guizot, M. ''Popular History of France from the Earliest Times,'' trans. Robert Black. Boston: Estes & Lauriat, ca. 1869. Marguerite especially defended him, writing to the constable, Anne de Montmorency after Berquin was released from one arrest, "I thank you for the pl ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Bartholomäus Bernhardi
Bartholomäus is a masculine German given name, the German equivalent of Bartholomew. Notable people with this name include: * Bartholomäus Aich, 17th century South-German organist and composer * Bartholomäus Bernhardi of Feldkirchen (1487-1551), rector and a professor of physics and philosophy at the University of Wittenberg * Bartholomäus Brötzner (born 1957), Austrian wrestler * Bartholomäus Gesius (c. 1562–1613), German theologian, church musician, composer and hymn writer * Bartholomäus Herder (1774–1839), founder of the publishing firm Verlag Herder * Bartholomäus Hopfer (1628–1699), German painter * Bartholomäus Kalb (born 1949), German politician * Bartholomäus Keckermann (c. 1572–1608), German writer, Calvinist theologian and philosopher * Bartholomäus Khöll (1614–1664), imperial master stonemason * Bartholomäus Kilian (1630–1696), German engraver * Bartholomäus Metlinger (15th century), German physician * Bartholomäus Ringwaldt (153 ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Johannes Bader
Johannes is a Medieval Latin form of the personal name that usually appears as "John" in English language contexts. It is a variant of the Greek and Classical Latin variants (Ιωάννης, ''Ioannes''), itself derived from the Hebrew name '' Yehochanan'', meaning "Yahweh is gracious". The name became popular in Northern Europe, especially in Germany because of Christianity. Common German variants for Johannes are ''Johann'', ''Hannes'', ''Hans'' (diminutized to ''Hänschen'' or ''Hänsel'', as known from "''Hansel and Gretel''", a fairy tale by the Grimm brothers), ''Jens'' (from Danish) and '' Jan'' (from Dutch, and found in many countries). In the Netherlands, Johannes was without interruption the most common masculine birth name until 1989. The English equivalent for Johannes is John. In other languages *Joan, Jan, Gjon, Gjin and Gjovalin in Albanian *'' Yoe'' or '' Yohe'', uncommon American form''Dictionary of American Family Names'', Oxford University Press, 2013. *Yaḥy ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Johannes Aurifaber (Vratislaviensis)
Joannes Aurifaber Vratislaviensis (30 January 151719 October 1568), born Johann Goldschmidt in Breslau, was a Lutheran theologian and Protestant reformer. He adopted the cognomen ''Vratislaviensis'' ("of Breslau") to distinguish himself from another writer of his time, the Joannes Aurifaber from Weimar. Life Joannes Aurifaber Vratislaviensis was the younger brother of the physician Andreas Aurifaber. He was educated at Wittenberg, where he formed a close and lasting friendship with Philipp Melanchthon. After graduating in 1538, he spent twelve years as docent at the university, and having then received his doctorate of divinity, was appointed professor of divinity and pastor of the church of St. Nicholas at Rostock.See alsentry of Johannes Aurifaberin Rostock Matrikelportal He distinguished himself by his conciliatory disposition, earned the special confidence of John Albert I, Duke of Mecklenburg, and took a leading part in 1552 in drawing up the constitution of the Mecklenburg ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Johannes Aurifaber (Vimariensis)
Joannes Aurifaber (1519 – November 18, 1575), born Johann Goldschmidt in Weimar, Germany, was a Lutheran churchman, theologian, and a Protestant reformer. Owing to a similarly-named contemporary, he is sometimes distinguished by the cognomen Vimariensis or Vinariensis ("of Weimar"). Life He studied at Wittenberg where he heard the lectures of Martin Luther, and afterwards became tutor to Count Mansfeldt. In the war of 1544–45 he accompanied the army as field-preacher, and then lived with Luther as his famulus or private secretary, being present at his death in 1546. In the following year he spent six months in prison with John Frederick I, Elector of Saxony, who had been captured by the emperor, Charles V. He held for some years the office of court-preacher at Weimar, but owing to theological disputes was compelled to resign this office in 1561. In 1566 he was appointed to the Lutheran church at Erfurt, and there remained till his death in November 1575. Besides ta ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
