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List Of Early Devonian Land Plants
The list of Early Devonian (419.2 ± 2.8 to 393.3 ± 2.5 million years ago) land plants includes currently known vascular and potentially vascular plants, along with some possibly non-vascular plants, that have been described from global Early Devonian fossil A fossil (from Classical Latin , ) is any preserved remains, impression, or trace of any once-living thing from a past geological age. Examples include bones, shells, exoskeletons, stone imprints of animals or microbes, objects preserved ... assemblages. List of land plants References {{reflist * * * * See also * Devonian Devonian plants ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Early Devonian
The Early Devonian is the first of three Epoch (geology), epochs comprising the Devonian period, corresponding to the Lower Devonian Series (stratigraphy), series. It lasted from and began with the Lochkovian Stage , which was followed by the Pragian from and then by the Emsian, which lasted until the Middle Devonian began, . During this time, the first Ammonoidea, ammonoids appeared, descending from Bactritida, bactritoid Nautiloidea, nautiloids. Ammonoids during this time period were simple and differed little from their nautiloid counterparts. These ammonoids belong to the order Agoniatitida, which in later epochs evolved to new ammonoid orders, for example Goniatite, Goniatitida and Clymeniida. This class of cephalopod molluscs would dominate the marine fauna until the beginning of the Mesozoic Era. References {{Geological history Early Devonian, Geological epochs Devonian geochronology, *01 ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Celatheca
''Celatheca'' is a genus of extinct plants of the Early Devonian (Pragian, around ). Fossils were first found in the Posongchong Formation of eastern Yunnan, China. The leafless stems (axes) divided dichotomously but unequally so that one branch formed more of a 'main' stem and the other a side branch system. Side branches which did not bear spore-forming organs or sporangia divided two or three times further, ending in tips which curled back on themselves. Side branches bearing sporangia ultimately divided to produce a group of four sporangia, each with an outer leaf-like bract In botany, a bract is a modified or specialized leaf, especially one associated with a reproductive structure such as a flower, inflorescence axis or cone scale. Bracts are usually different from foliage leaves. They may be smaller, larger, or of ... which folded around the sporangium. ''Celatheca'' resembles the Australian fossil '' Yarravia''. References Early Devonian plants Prehistoric plan ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Gosferia
Gosferia was a genus of zosterophylls with curved axes and renal sporangia. It is known from Belgium Belgium, ; french: Belgique ; german: Belgien officially the Kingdom of Belgium, is a country in Northwestern Europe. The country is bordered by the Netherlands to the north, Germany to the east, Luxembourg to the southeast, France to th .... References Early Devonian plants Zosterophylls Prehistoric lycophyte genera {{paleo-lycophyte-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Franhueberia
''Franhueberia'' is an extinct monospecific genus of vascular land plants described from Early Devonian (mid to late Emsian) outcrops of the Battery Point Formation along the south shore of Gaspé Bay, Quebec, Canada. Description The plant is preserved as a cellular permineralization within a single cobble and consists of a small axis with a centrarch protostele. The secondary tissues of the vascular cambium contain extinct P-type cell walls. This type of cell wall consisted of scalariform bordered pits and multiaperturate pit membranes. The secondary vascular tissues in ''Franhueberia gerriennei'' represent one of the oldest examples of secondary growth. Wood or secondary xylem with P-type cell walls have also been observed in the slightly older (late Pragian-earliest Emsian) ''Armoricaphyton chateaupannense'' from western France and in an unnamed basal euphyllophyte from late Emsian outcrops of the Campbellton Formation in New Brunswick, Canada. Taxonomy ''Franhueberia gerri ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Eophyllophyton
''Eophyllophyton bellum'' is the oldest known plant bearing megaphyllous leaves. In 2013, Hao (one of the original taxon authors) and Xue placed the genus in a new class Eophyllophytopsida, considered to be an isolated lineage in the euphyllophyte The euphyllophytes are a clade of plants within the tracheophytes (the vascular plants). The group may be treated as an unranked clade, a division under the name Euphyllophyta or a subdivision under the name Euphyllophytina. The euphyllophytes ar ...s. References Devonian plants Prehistoric plant genera {{devonian-plant-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Eogaspesiea
''Eogaspesiea'' was a genus of Early Devonian rhyniophyte The rhyniophytes are a group of extinct early vascular plants that are considered to be similar to the genus ''Rhynia'', found in the Early Devonian (around ). Sources vary in the name and rank used for this group, some treating it as the class R ... with a tangled mess of branching axes that reached 10 cm in length. These probably emanated from a rhizome. Its (probably) alete spores had thin walls. References Devonian plants Prehistoric plant genera {{devonian-plant-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Drepanophycus
''Drepanophycus'' is a genus of extinct plants of the division Lycopodiophyta of Early to Late Devonian age (around ), found in Eastern Canada and Northeast US, China, Russia, Egypt and various parts of Northern Europe and Britain. Description Extinct terrestrial vascular plants of the Devonian period. Stem of the order of several mm to several cm in diameter and several cm to a metre long, erect or arched, dichotomizing occasionally, furnished with true roots at the base. Vascular bundle actinostele, tracheids of primitive annular or helical type (so-called G-type). Leaves are unbranched thorn-shaped (i.e. with a wide base, tapering to a blunt point) microphylls several mm long with a single prominent vascular thread, arranged spirally to randomly on the stem. Sporangia borne singly on the upper leaf surface. ''Drepanophycus'' has similarities to the genus ''Halleophyton''. It differs from a closely related genus of the same period, Baragwanathia, in the position of the sporang ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Distichophytum
''Distichophytum'' is a genus of extinct vascular plants of the Late Silurian (Ludfordian) to Early Devonian (Emsian), around . The genus has a tangled taxonomic history, also being known as ''Bucheria'' and ''Rebuchia'' (see below). Description The genus was first discovered as fossils of Early Devonian age (Pragian or Siegenian to Emsian, ), consisting of isolated spikes of sporangia (spore-forming organs) found at Beartooth Butte, Wyoming, United States of America. Specimens of ''D. ovata'' with sporangia attached to stems were later found at the same location. The base of the plant remains unknown; the known part was about 8.5 cm high. The sporophyte consisted of narrow leafless stems (axes) 1.5 to 2.0 mm in diameter, which branched dichotomously. Stems which did not bear sporangia ended in blunt points; fertile branches bore compact one-sided spikes of up to 20 laterally attached sporangia, more-or-less opposite. The sporangia were kidney-shaped (reniform) and ha ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Discalis
''Discalis'' is a genus of extinct vascular plants of the Early Devonian (Pragian or Siegenian stage, around ). The name is derived from the Greek , referring to the disc-shaped sporangia (spore-forming organs). The genus was first described by Hao in 1989 based on fossil specimens from the Posongchong Formation, Wenshan district, Yunnan, China. Description The leafless sporophyte of ''D. longistipa'' consisted of creeping stems (axes) up to in diameter with many K- or H-shaped branches as well as upturned or trailing stems, slightly smaller in diameter, which also branched. All stems had irregularly arranged multicellular spines up to long with expanded tips. The stems which did not bear sporangia had coiled (circinnate) tips. Fertile stems bore disc-shaped sporangia laterally on stalks up to 5 mm long, forming open spikes. The sporangia, which were about in diameter, had spines like the stems, and split (dehisced) along their margin to release the trilete spores, whi ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Demersatheca
''Demersatheca'' is a genus of extinct vascular plants of the Early Devonian (Pragian, around ). Fossils were first found in the Posongchong Formation of eastern Yunnan, China. The plant had smooth leafless stems at least 1 mm in diameter, but only regions which bore spore-forming organs or sporangia are well-known. Sporangia were borne in 'spikes' or strobili, at least 40 mm long; one had 32 sporangia. Sporangia were arranged in four rows, two sporangia being opposite to one another on the stem with the next two being at right angles. Each sporangium consisted of two 'valves' which opened at the top to release their spores. A particular feature of ''Demersatheca'' which distinguishes it from other zosterophylls is that the stalk-less sporangia were sunken into the stem of the spike, so that the outer valve was flush with the surface. Taxonomy ''D. contigua'' was initially called ''Zosterophyllum contiguum'' by Li and Cai, based on parts of two spikes (strobili) of spo ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Deheubarthia
''Deheubarthia'' was a genus of Early Devonian land plant with branching axes. A cladogram published in 2004 by Crane et al. places ''Deheubarthia'' in the core of a paraphyletic In taxonomy (general), taxonomy, a group is paraphyletic if it consists of the group's most recent common ancestor, last common ancestor and most of its descendants, excluding a few Monophyly, monophyletic subgroups. The group is said to be pa ... stem group of broadly defined " zosterophylls", basal to the lycopsids (living and extinct clubmosses and relatives). References External links Cladogramfrom Silurian plants Devonian plants Zosterophylls Prehistoric lycophyte genera {{devonian-plant-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Danziella
''Danziella'' is a genus of extinct vascular plants of the Early Devonian (around ). Fossils found in the Artois region of northern France were first described as ''Zosterophyllum artesianum'', but a later review by Edwards showed that they did not fit the circumscription of that genus. Description Compressed fossils were found in the Artois region of northern France, in rocks which were originally thought to be of Pragian age (around ) but more recently have been considered to be probably of Emsian origin (around ). Plants consisted of smooth leafless stems (axes) up to 1.5 mm wide and were at least 85 mm high. They branched at right angles. Spore-forming organs or sporangia were borne on all sides, spaced irregularly on stalks up to 3 mm long which held them horizontally, and not forming a distinct 'spike'. Individual sporangia were elliptical in shape, around 3 mm wide by 2 mm high, splitting into two 'valves' along a line opposite to the stalks in or ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
