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List Of Wheat Diseases
This article is a list of diseases of wheat (''Triticum'' spp.) grouped by causative agent. Bacterial diseases Fungal diseases Viral diseases Phytoplasmal diseases Nematodes, parasitic References Common Names of Diseases, The American Phytopathological Society Further reading * * , earlier but more detail * {{DEFAULTSORT:Wheat diseases, list Wheat Wheat is a grass widely cultivated for its seed, a cereal grain that is a worldwide staple food. The many species of wheat together make up the genus ''Triticum'' ; the most widely grown is common wheat (''T. aestivum''). The archaeologi ... * ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Wheat Diseases
The cereal grain wheat is subject to numerous wheat diseases, including bacterial, viral and fungal diseases, as well as parasitic infestations. Principal diseases * Barley yellow dwarf virus, BYDV * Brown rust ''Puccinia recondita'' * Common bunt (aka Covered smut) ''Tilletia caries'' * Ergot ''Claviceps purpurea'' * Eyespot '' Pseudocercosporella herpotrichoides'' * Glume blotch '' Septoria nodorum'' * septoria leaf blotch ''Mycosphaerella graminicola'', synonyms: ''Septoria tritici'', ''Zymoseptoria tritici'' * Mildew ''Erysiphe graminis'' * Seedling blight ''Fusarium'' spp., ''Septoria nodorum'' * Sharp eyespot ''Rhizoctonia cerealis'' * Spot blotch '' Biplolaris sorokiana'' * Take-all ''Gaeumannomyces graminis'' * Tan spot ''Pyrenophora tritici-repentis'' * Yellow rust ''Puccinia striiformis'' In Europe Cereals are at risk from numerous diseases due to the level of intensification necessary for profitable production since the 1970s. More recently varietal diversificat ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Epicoccum
''Epicoccum'' is a genus of fungi belonging to the family Didymellaceae. The genus has cosmopolitan distribution. Species Species: *'' Epicoccum agyrioides'' *'' Epicoccum agyrium'' *'' Epicoccum aleurophilum'' *'' Epicoccum andropogonis'' *'' Epicoccum angulosum'' *'' Epicoccum aponogetonicum'' *'' Epicoccum asterinum'' *'' Epicoccum brasiliense'' *'' Epicoccum camelliae'' *'' Epicoccum chrysanthemi'' *'' Epicoccum coniferarum'' *'' Epicoccum davidssonii'' *'' Epicoccum deccanense'' *'' Epicoccum dendrobii'' *'' Epicoccum diversisporum'' *'' Epicoccum draconis'' *'' Epicoccum duchesneae'' *'' Epicoccum effusum'' *'' Epicoccum equiseti'' *'' Epicoccum eucalypti'' *'' Epicoccum fructigenum'' *'' Epicoccum granulatum'' *'' Epicoccum henningsii'' *'' Epicoccum hordei'' *'' Epicoccum huancayense'' *'' Epicoccum humicola'' *'' Epicoccum hyalopes'' *'' Epicoccum italicum'' *'' Epicoccum javanicum'' *'' Epicoccum latusicollum'' *'' Epicoccum layuense'' *'' Epicoccum ligustri'' *'' ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Snow Mold
Snow mold is a type of fungus and a turf disease that damages or kills grass after snow melts, typically in late winter. Its damage is usually concentrated in circles three to twelve inches in diameter, although yards may have many of these circles, sometimes to the point at which it becomes hard to differentiate between different circles. Snow mold comes in two varieties: pink or gray. While it can affect all types of grasses, Kentucky bluegrass and fescue lawns are least affected by snow mold. Environment Snow mold is found in areas that experience extended periods of snow cover, such as northern North America, Europe, and Asia. These areas cover the cool temperate and boreal regions of the Northern Hemisphere. Turfgrasses that are usually protected and kept moist by snow cover are endangered because of it. In overcast, rainy conditions between 32 and 60 degrees Fahrenheit, the pathogen thrives, and grows under snow covering wet turf in unfrozen soil. The pathogen “overwinters†... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Common Root Rot (wheat)
Common root rot is a disease of wheat caused by one or more fungi. ''Cochliobolus sativus'', ''Fusarium culmorum ''Fusarium culmorum'' is a fungal plant pathogen and the causal agent of seedling blight, foot rot, ear blight, stalk rot, common root rot and other diseases of cereals, grasses, and a wide variety of monocots and dicots. In coastal dunegrass ( ...'' and '' F. graminearum'' are the most common pathogens responsible for common root rot. Symptoms Small, oval, brown lesions on the roots, lower leaf sheath and subcrown internode. As the disease progresses, lesions may elongate, coalesce and girdle the subcrown internode and may turn from brown to nearly black. Crop losses Losses in potential yield from common root rot of wheat were estimated at 5.7% annually over the 3-year period 1969–71 in the Canadian prairie provinces and at 7% annually over the 10-year period 1968–78 ub Saskatchewan, Canada. References Wheat diseases Fungal plant pathogens and di ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Tilletia Foetida
''Tilletia laevis'' is a plant pathogen that causes bunt on wheat. It was used as a biological weapon by Iraq against Iran during the Iran–Iraq War The Iran–Iraq War was an armed conflict between Iran and Iraq that lasted from September 1980 to August 1988. It began with the Iraqi invasion of Iran and lasted for almost eight years, until the acceptance of United Nations Security Council ... in the 1980s. References External links Index FungorumUSDA ARS Fungal Database Ustilaginomycotina Fungal plant pathogens and diseases Wheat diseases Fungi described in 1873 {{fungus-plant-disease-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Tilletia Laevis
''Tilletia laevis'' is a plant pathogen that causes bunt on wheat. It was used as a biological weapon by Iraq against Iran during the Iran–Iraq War The Iran–Iraq War was an armed conflict between Iran and Iraq that lasted from September 1980 to August 1988. It began with the Iraqi invasion of Iran and lasted for almost eight years, until the acceptance of United Nations Security Council ... in the 1980s. References External links Index FungorumUSDA ARS Fungal Database Ustilaginomycotina Fungal plant pathogens and diseases Wheat diseases Fungi described in 1873 {{fungus-plant-disease-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Tilletia Caries
''Tilletia caries'' (synonymous with ''Tilletia tritici'') is a basidiomycete that causes common bunt of wheat. The common names of this disease are stinking bunt of wheat and stinking smut of wheat. This pathogen infects wheat, rye, and various other grasses. ''Tilletia caries'' is economically and agriculturally important because it reduces both the wheat yield and grain quality. Life cycle Infection of the wheat occurs during germination of the plant seed and is favored by cool, wet conditions. Optimum conditions for spore germination are soil temperatures in the range of 5–15 °C (41–59 °F). Bunt fungi overwinter as dikaryotic teliospores typically on seed and occasionally in soil. The fungus infects the shoots of wheat seedlings before the plants emerge from the soil. After karyogamy, the teliospores germinate to form a basidium, on which 8–16 haploid basidiospores (primary sporidia) will develop. There are two mating types of basidiospores (+ and -) and t ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Tilletia Tritici
''Tilletia tritici'' is the causal agent of common bunt of wheat. Morphology Teliopsores are thick-walled, globiose, reticulate and 13–23 μm in diameter. Use as a biological weapon It was used as a biological weapon by Iraq against Iran during the Iran–Iraq War The Iran–Iraq War was an armed conflict between Iran and Iraq that lasted from September 1980 to August 1988. It began with the Iraqi invasion of Iran and lasted for almost eight years, until the acceptance of United Nations Security Counci ... in the 1980s. References Sources Index FungorumUSDA ARS Fungal Database Wheat diseases Fungal plant pathogens and diseases Ustilaginomycotina Fungi described in 1775 {{Ustilaginomycotina-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Common Bunt (wheat)
Common bunt, also known as hill bunt, Indian bunt European bunt, stinking smut or covered smut, is a disease of both spring and winter wheats. It is caused by two very closely related fungi, ''Tilletia tritici'' (syn. ''Tilletia caries'') and '' T. laevis'' (syn. ''T. foetida''). Symptoms Plants with common bunt may be moderately stunted but infected plants cannot be easily recognized until near maturity and even then it is seldom conspicuous. After initial infection, the entire kernel is converted into a sorus consisting of a dark brown to black mass of teliospores covered by a modified periderm, which is thin and papery. The sorus is light to dark brown and is called a bunt ball. The bunt balls resemble wheat kernels but tend to be more spherical. The bunted heads are slender, bluish-green and may stay greener longer than healthy heads. The bunt balls change to a dull gray-brown at maturity, at which they become conspicuous. The fragile covering of the bunt balls are rupture ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Cephalosporium Gramineum
''Cephalosporium gramineum'' syn. ''Hymenula cerealis'' is a plant pathogen that causes cephalosporium stripe of wheat and other grasses. It was first reported in Japan in 1930. The disease can cause yield losses of up to 50% by causing death of tillers and reducing seed production and seed size. The disease causes broad yellow or brown stripes along the length of the leaf and discolouration of the leaf veins. The fungus spreads through the soil, and enters the plant through wounds in its roots. Early planting of winter wheat when the soil is warm gives a greater root system more subject to root breakage when the soil heaves affording more infection sites. Phosphate fertilizer and high moisture further exacerbate this condition. The symptoms are caused by the fungus invading the plants' vascular tissue. The fungus also produces a toxin which causes stunting of the plant and interferes with development. A glucopolysaccharide also appears to inhibit fluid movement in wheat.Pool ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Hymenula Cerealis
''Cephalosporium gramineum'' syn. ''Hymenula cerealis'' is a plant pathogen that causes cephalosporium stripe of wheat and other grasses. It was first reported in Japan in 1930. The disease can cause yield losses of up to 50% by causing death of tillers and reducing seed production and seed size. The disease causes broad yellow or brown stripes along the length of the leaf and discolouration of the leaf veins. The fungus spreads through the soil, and enters the plant through wounds in its roots. Early planting of winter wheat when the soil is warm gives a greater root system more subject to root breakage when the soil heaves affording more infection sites. Phosphate fertilizer and high moisture further exacerbate this condition. The symptoms are caused by the fungus invading the plants' vascular tissue. The fungus also produces a toxin which causes stunting of the plant and interferes with development. A glucopolysaccharide also appears to inhibit fluid movement in wheat.Pool, ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Cochliobolus Sativus
The fungus ''Cochliobolus sativus'' is the teleomorph (sexual stage) of ''Bipolaris sorokiniana'' (anamorph) which is the causal agent of a wide variety of cereal diseases. The pathogen can infect and cause disease on roots (where it is known as common root rot), leaf and stem, and head tissue. ''C. sativus'' is extremely rare in nature and thus it is the asexual or anamorphic stage which causes infections. The two most common diseases caused by ''B. sorokiniana'' are spot blotch and common root rot, mainly on wheat and barley crops. Identification The mycelium of ''B. sorokiniana'' is usually deep olive-brown. New cultures produce abundant simple conidiophores, which may be single or clustered and measure 6–10 x 110–220 μm with septations. Conidia develop laterally from pores beneath each conidiophore septum. Conidia are olive-brown and ovate to oblong, with rounded ends and a prominent basal scar. They measure 15–28 x 40–120 μm and are 3- to 10-septate. Some may b ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
