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List Of War Crimes
This article lists and summarizes the war crimes that have violated the laws and customs of war since the Hague Conventions of 1899 and 1907. Since many war crimes are not prosecuted (due to lack of political will, lack of effective procedures, or other practical and political reasons), historians and lawyers will frequently make a serious case in order to prove that war crimes occurred, even though the alleged perpetrators of these crimes were never formally prosecuted because investigations cleared them of all charges. Under international law, war crimes were formally defined as crimes during international trials such as the Nuremberg Trials and the Tokyo Trials, in which Austrian, German and Japanese leaders were prosecuted for war crimes which were committed during World War II. 1899–1902 Second Boer War The term "concentration camp" was used to describe camps operated by the British Empire in South Africa during the Second Boer War in the years 1900–1902. As B ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Scorched Earth
A scorched-earth policy is a military strategy that aims to destroy anything that might be useful to the enemy. Any assets that could be used by the enemy may be targeted, which usually includes obvious weapons, transport vehicles, communication sites, and industrial resources. However, anything useful to the advancing enemy may be targeted, including food stores and agricultural areas, water sources, and even the local people themselves, though the last has been banned under the 1977 Geneva Conventions. The practice can be carried out by the military in enemy territory or in its own home territory while it is being invaded. It may overlap with, but is not the same as, punitive destruction of the enemy's resources, which is usually done as part of political strategy, rather than operational strategy. Notable historic examples of scorched-earth tactics include William Tecumseh Sherman's March to the Sea in the American Civil War, Kit Carson's subjugation of the America ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
March Across Samar
The march across Samar, or Waller's March across the island of Samar, was a failed attempt made in 1901 by a U.S. Marine unit commanded by Major Littleton W. T. Waller to traverse the Philippine island of Samar from Lanang (now Llorente, Eastern Samar) to Basey, Samar, a distance of some . Waller had proposed the expedition in October 1901 to Brigadier General Jacob H. Smith, commander of the military district, as a prelude to the establishment of outposts stretching across the island and thereby stop the flow of supplies to rebels in the north and to isolate rebels in the south. Smith was receptive because he thought that the march might identify the best route for a telegraph line to connect Samar's east and west coasts. The expedition proved disastrous due to the unexpected harsh conditions as well as a mutiny of many of the Filipino porters. Ten Marines died during the attempt and eleven Filipinos were subsequently executed for their role in the mutiny. Background For ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Jacob H
Jacob (; ; ar, يَعْقُوب, Yaʿqūb; gr, Ἰακώβ, Iakṓb), later given the name Israel, is regarded as a patriarch of the Israelites and is an important figure in Abrahamic religions, such as Judaism, Christianity, and Islam. Jacob first appears in the Book of Genesis, where he is described as the son of Isaac and Rebecca, and the grandson of Abraham, Sarah, and Bethuel. According to the biblical account, he was the second-born of Isaac's children, the elder being Jacob's fraternal twin brother, Esau. Jacob is said to have bought Esau's birthright and, with his mother's help, deceived his aging father to bless him instead of Esau. Later in the narrative, following a severe drought in his homeland of Canaan, Jacob and his descendants, with the help of his son Joseph (who had become a confidant of the pharaoh), moved to Egypt where Jacob died at the age of 147. He is supposed to have been buried in the Cave of Machpelah. Jacob had twelve sons through four women, hi ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Samar (province)
Samar, officially the Province of Samar ( war, Probinsya han Samar; tl, Lalawigan ng Samar), formerly named as Western Samar, is a province in the Philippines located in the Eastern Visayas region. Its capital is the city of Catbalogan. It is bordered by Northern Samar, Eastern Samar, Leyte and the Leyte Gulf, and includes several islands in the Samar Sea. Samar is connected to the island of Leyte via the San Juanico Bridge. In 1768, Leyte and modern Samar were created out of the historical province of Samar. In 1965, Northern and Eastern Samar were created. Fishing and agriculture are the major economic activities in the province. On 8 November 2013, the province was significantly damaged by Typhoon Yolanda (Haiyan), particularly the towns of Basey, Marabut and Santa Rita. Etymology ''Samar'' is said to derive from the word ''Samad'', a Visayan word for "wound" or "cut", describing the rough physical features of the land which is rugged and deeply dissected by streams ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Balangiga Massacre
The Battle of Balangiga ( es, Batalla de Balangíga; tl, Labanan sa Balangiga; war, Gubat ha Balangiga), also known as the Balangiga Encounter, Balangiga Incident, or Balangiga Conflict, was a battle that occurred during the Philippine–American War between Philippine forces and American troops. The battle is sometimes termed the " Balingiga massacre," usually in accounts describing occupying American troops as victims of a massacre by townspeople. In response to the attack, United States General Jacob H. Smith ordered indiscriminate attacks on the island of Samar, openly disregarding General Order 100, killing 2,000 to 2,500 people. The battle is commemorated yearly as ''Balangiga Encounter Day'' in Eastern Samar. Background The battle was a military operation planned by Captain Eugenio Daza of the Philippine Republican Army, Area Commander of General Vicente R. Lukban's forces for Southeastern Samar, that took place in Balangiga in 1901 during the Philippine–American W ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
A People's History Of The United States
'' A People's History of the United States'' is a 1980 nonfiction book by American historian and political scientist Howard Zinn. In the book, Zinn presented what he considered to be a different side of history from the more traditional "fundamental nationalist glorification of country". Zinn portrays a side of American history that can largely be seen as the exploitation and manipulation of the majority by rigged systems that hugely favor a small aggregate of elite rulers from across the orthodox political parties. ''A People's History'' has been assigned as reading in many high schools and colleges across the United States. It has also resulted in a change in the focus of historical work, which now includes stories that previously were ignored. The book was a runner-up in 1980 for the National Book Award. It frequently has been revised, with the most recent edition covering events through 2005. In 2003, Zinn was awarded the '' Prix des Amis du Monde Diplomatique'' for the Fre ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Public Ledger (Philadelphia)
The ''Public Ledger'' was a daily newspaper in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, published from March 25, 1836, to January 1942. Its motto was "Virtue Liberty and Independence". For a time, it was Philadelphia's most popular newspaper, but circulation declined in the mid-1930s. It also operated a Print syndication, syndicate, the Ledger Syndicate, from 1915 until 1946. Early history Founded by William Moseley Swain, Arunah Shepherdson Abell, Arunah S. Abell, and Azariah H. Simmons, and edited by Swain, the ''Public Ledger'' was the first penny paper in Philadelphia. At that time most papers sold for five cents (equal to $ today) or more, a relatively high price which limited their appeal to the reasonably well-off. Swain and Abell drew on the success of the ''New York Herald'', one of the first penny papers and decided to use a one cent cover price to appeal to a broad audience. They mimicked the ''Herald's'' use of bold headlines to draw sales. The formula was a success and the ''Ledger' ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Philippine–American War
The Philippine–American War or Filipino–American War ( es, Guerra filipina-estadounidense, tl, Digmaang Pilipino–Amerikano), previously referred to as the Philippine Insurrection or the Tagalog Insurgency by the United States, was an armed conflict between the First Philippine Republic and the United States that started on February 4, 1899, and ended on July 2, 1902. The conflict arose in 1898 when the United States, rather than acknowledging the Philippines' Philippine Declaration of Independence, declaration of independence, annexed the Philippines under the Treaty of Paris (1898), Treaty of Paris at the conclusion of the Spanish–American War. The war can be seen as a continuation of the Philippine struggle for independence that began in 1896 with the Philippine Revolution against Spanish East Indies, Spanish rule. Fighting erupted between forces of the United States and those of the Philippine Republic on February 4, 1899, in what became known as the Battle of Manila ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Editorial Cartoon About Jacob Smith's Retaliation For Balangiga
An editorial, or leading article (UK) or leader (UK) is an article written by the senior editorial people or publisher of a newspaper, magazine, or any other written document, often unsigned. Australian and major United States newspapers, such as ''The New York Times'' and ''The Boston Globe'', often classify editorials under the heading "opinion". Illustrated editorials may appear in the form of editorial cartoons. Typically, a newspaper's editorial board evaluates which issues are important for their readership to know the newspaper's opinion on. Editorials are typically published on a dedicated page, called the editorial page, which often features letters to the editor from members of the public; the page opposite this page is called the op-ed page and frequently contains opinion pieces (hence the name think pieces) by writers not directly affiliated with the publication. However, a newspaper may choose to publish an editorial on the front page. In the English-language pr ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Alfred Taylor (British Army Officer)
Alfred James "'Bulala" Taylor (14 November 1861 – 24 October 1941) was an Anglo-Irish officer in the British Army during the Scramble for Africa and the Second Boer War. He is best known as a defendant in one of the first war crimes prosecutions in British military history. Born into a middle class Protestant family in Dublin, Ireland, Taylor jumped ship in Cape Town in 1886 and became a mercenary for the British South Africa Company of Cecil Rhodes. He played a major role in the conquest of modern-day Zimbabwe by the company. During two subsequent uprisings by the Northern Ndebele people against British rule, Taylor was dubbed by the Ndebele "Bulala" ("He Who Kills") and "Bamba" ("He Who Takes"). Taylor is most infamous, however, for his actions during the Second Boer War. While serving as a captain in the War Office's Directorate of Military Intelligence (United Kingdom), Intelligence Department, Taylor was handpicked by Herbert Kitchener, Lord Kitchener as liaison to the ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
George Witton
George Ramsdale Witton (28 June 1874 – 14 August 1942) was a lieutenant in the Bushveldt Carbineers in the Boer War in South Africa. He was sentenced to death for murder after the shooting of nine Boer prisoners. He was subsequently reprieved by Lieutenant-General Viscount Kitchener, although Lieutenants Peter Handcock and Harry "Breaker" Morant who had been court martialed with him, were executed by firing squad on 27 February 1902. Early life and involvement in the Boer War Witton was born into a farming family near Warrnambool, Victoria, Australia, with at least one brother. He served as a gunner in the Royal Australian Artillery, then enlisted in the Victorian Imperial Bushmen for the Boer War and was promoted from Corporal to Squadron Quartermaster-Sergeant. Major Robert Lenehan then enlisted him into the Bushveldt Carbineers with a commission as Lieutenant. After the killing of a number of Boer prisoners, Witton was one of four officers charged by the British Arm ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
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