|
List Of Umayyad Governors Of Al-Andalus
The southern part of the Iberian peninsula was under Islamic rule for seven hundred years. In medieval history, "al-Andalus" ( ar, الأندلس) was the name given to the parts of the Iberian Peninsula and Septimania governed by Arab and North African Muslims (given the generic name of Moors), at various times in the period between 711 and 1492. Dependent rulers of al-Andalus Most of the Visigothic Kingdom of Hispania was conquered by the Umayyads in 711-18. Hispania (or al-Andalus) was organized as a single province (''wilayah''), with local provincial capital at Córdoba, and integrated into their empire. In the administrative structure of the Umayyad Caliphate, al-Andalus was formally a province subordinate to the Umayyad governor of Kairouan in Ifriqiya, rather than directly dependent on the Umayyad Caliph in Damascus. Most of the governors (''wali'') of al-Andalus from 711 to 756 were provincial deputies appointed by the governor in Kairouan, although a significant n ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Middle Ages
In the history of Europe, the Middle Ages or medieval period lasted approximately from the late 5th to the late 15th centuries, similar to the post-classical period of global history. It began with the fall of the Western Roman Empire and transitioned into the Renaissance and the Age of Discovery. The Middle Ages is the middle period of the three traditional divisions of Western history: classical antiquity, the medieval period, and the modern period. The medieval period is itself subdivided into the Early, High, and Late Middle Ages. Population decline, counterurbanisation, the collapse of centralized authority, invasions, and mass migrations of tribes, which had begun in late antiquity, continued into the Early Middle Ages. The large-scale movements of the Migration Period, including various Germanic peoples, formed new kingdoms in what remained of the Western Roman Empire. In the 7th century, North Africa and the Middle East—most recently part of the Eastern Ro ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Umayyad Family Tree
Umayyad dynasty ( ar, بَنُو أُمَيَّةَ, Banū Umayya, Sons of Umayya) or Umayyads ( ar, الأمويون, al-Umawiyyūn) were the ruling family of the Caliphate between 661 and 750 and later of Al-Andalus between 756 and 1031. In the pre-Islamic period, they were a prominent clan of the Meccan tribe of Quraysh, descended from Umayya ibn Abd Shams. Despite staunch opposition to the Islamic prophet Muhammad, the Umayyads embraced Islam before the latter's death in 632. Uthman, an early companion of Muhammad from the Umayyad clan, was the third Rashidun caliph, ruling in 644–656, while other members held various governorships. One of these governors, Mu'awiya I of Syria, opposed Caliph Ali in the First Muslim Civil War (656–661) and afterward founded the Umayyad Caliphate with its capital in Damascus. This marked the beginning of the Umayyad dynasty, the first hereditary dynasty in the history of Islam, and the only one to rule over the entire Islamic world of its ti ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Muhammad Ibn Abd Allah Al-Ashja'i
Muhammad ibn Abd Allah al-Ashja'i ( ar, محمد بن عبد الله الأشجعي, Muḥammad ibn ʿAbd Allāh al-Ashdjaʿī) was the eleventh governor of al-Andalus under the Umayyad Caliphate in AD 730 ( AH 111–112). He was one of a series of Arabs from Ifriqiya who served as governors in al-Andalus from 721 to 731. After ten months in office, Muhammad's predecessor, al-Haytham, was confronted by an attempted ''coup d'état'' in early 730. He arrested the conspirators, but their relatives in turn complained about his heavy-handedness to his superior, the governor of Ifriqiya. According to the ''Chronicle of 754'', the earliest source, al-Haytham was arrested and brought to Ifriqiya, but because his intended replacement, al-Qhafiqi, could not be found, Muhammad was appointed to replace him instead. His formal appointment took place, according to the ''Chronicle'', one month after al-Haytham had been removed.In . According to the ''Prophetic Chronicle'', written in 883, he on ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Al-Haytham Ibn Ubayd Al-Kilabi
Al-Haytham ibn Ubayd al-Kilabi, also called al-KinaniIn . ( ar, الهيثم بن عبيد الكناني, al-Haytham ibn ʿUbayd al-Kilābī), was the tenth governor of al-Andalus under the Umayyad Caliphate in AD 729–730 ( AH 111). He was one of a series of Arabs from Ifriqiya who served as governors in al-Andalus from 721 to 731. He succeeded Uthman ibn Abi Nis'a al-Khath'ami in April 729. According to the ''Mozarabic Chronicle'' (754) he reigned one year. The ''Prophetic Chronicle'' (883) gives him a more precise term of ten months, while Ibn Habib (878/9) gives him a shorter term of four months. The seventeenth-century Arabic historian al-Maqqari has him ruling down to March 731, a year longer than any other source. According to the ''Mozarabic Chronicle'', which is the earliest source by far, al-Haytham was appointed by the governor of Ifriqiya to replace Uthman. His term, which is characterised as "troubled" by the chronicler, culminated in an attempted ''coup d'état'': ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Uthman Ibn Abi Nis'a Al-Khath'ami
Uthman ibn Abi Nis'a al-Khath'ami ( ar, عثمان بن أبي نسعة الخثعمي, ʿUthmān ibn Abī Nisʿa al-Khathʿamī) was the ninth governor of al-Andalus for the Umayyad Caliphate. He governed for four months from late AD 728 ( AH 110) until early 729 (111), succeeding Hudhayfa ibn al-Ahwas al-Qaysi., at 493. The Latin sources, the ''Mozarabic Chronicle'' (754) and the ''Prophetic Chronicle'' (883), concur in giving him a term of four months. The Andalusian scholar Ibn Habib (878/9), however, gives him five months.Ann Christys, "The Transformation of Hispania after 711", in Hans Werner Goetz, Jörg Jarnut and Walter Pohl (eds.), ''Regna and Gentes: The Relationship between Late Antique and Early Medieval Peoples and Kingdoms in the Transformation of the Roman World'' (Leiden: Brill, 2003), pp. 219–241. Al-Maqqari seems to believe he succeeded Yahya ibn Salama al-Kalbi in December 727 and was in turn succeeded by Hudhayfa in June or July 728,Roger Collins, ''Early Medi ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Hudhaifa Ibn Al-Ahwas Al-Ashja'i
Hudhayfa ibn al-Ahwas al-Qaysi ( ar, حذيفة بن الأحوص القيسي, Ḥudhayfa ibn al-Aḥwaṣ al-Ḳaysī) was the eighth governor of al-Andalus under the Umayyad caliphate of Damascus. He served for six months in the year AD 728 ( AH 110)., at 493. Hudhayfa succeeded Yahya ibn Salama al-Kalbi as governor towards the middle of 728. This was probably related to the change in the governorship in Ifriqiya. The previous governor, Bashir, a member of the Banu Kalb like Yahya, died late in 727 and his hand-picked successor was replaced early in 728 by the Caliph Hisham ibn Abd al-Malik. The new governor of Ifriqiya was Ubayda of the Qays Aylan clan. Since the governor of al-Andalus was under the authority of the governor of Ifriqiya, by the middle of the year Yahya (perhaps dead) had been replaced by a Qaysi.Roger Collins, ''The Arab Conquest of Spain, 710–797'' (Blackwell, 1989), p. 85. Hudhayfa is the last governor whose appointment by the governor of Ifriqiya with th ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Yahya Ibn Salama Al-Kalbi
Yahya ibn Salama al-Kalbi () was sent as governor of al-Andalus by the Caliph of Damascus The Umayyad Caliphate (661–750 CE; , ; ar, ٱلْخِلَافَة ٱلْأُمَوِيَّة, al-Khilāfah al-ʾUmawīyah) was the second of the four major caliphates established after the death of Muhammad. The caliphate was ruled by the ... Hisham ibn Abd al-Malik and his tenure in office lasted three years. Yahya denounced the injustices of the policies of Anbasa ibn Suhaym Al-Kalbi, Anbasa, especially with respect to the collection of taxes and the confiscation of property. On this account the new authoritarian governor prosecuted Arabs and Berber people, Berbers charged with looting and illicit acquisition of goods from Christians, reverted the tax rates to the levels existing in 722 and undertook a restitution of illegally seized property. He was replaced in his position by the new governor of Ifriqiya, who in turn imposed in al-Andalus a new governor from his rival Arab tribe ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Udhra Ibn Abd Allah Al-Fihri
Udhra ibn Abd Allah al-Fihrí ( ar, عذرة بن عبد الله الفهري) was a fleeting Umayyad governor of Al Andalus in 726. He may have been chosen by Anbasa to succeed him as governor, but his term lasted no more than six months until he completed the task of withdrawing the troops Anbasa had commanded during his last campaign in Gaul. See also *Timeline of the Muslim presence in the Iberian peninsula This is a timeline of notable events during the period of Muslim presence in Iberia, starting with the Umayyad conquest in the 8th century. Conquest (711–756) * 711A Muslim force consisting of Arabs and Berbers of about 7,000 soldiers under ge ... References {{Umayyad governors of al-Andalus Umayyad governors of Al-Andalus 8th-century Arabs ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Abd Al-Rahman Ibn Abd Allah Al-Ghafiqi
Abd al-Rahman ibn Abd Allah Al-Ghafiqi ( ar, عبدالرحمن بن عبداللّه الغافقي, ʿAbd al-Raḥmān ibn ʿAbd Allāh al-Ghāfiqī; died 732), was an Arab Umayyad commander of Andalusian Muslims. He unsuccessfully led into battle against the forces of Charles Martel in the Battle of Tours on October 10, 732 AD. Early years From the Arab Tihamite tribe of Ghafiq, he relocated to Ifriqiya (now Tunisia), then to the stretch of the Maghreb that is now Algeria, Morocco, Tunisia and Mauritania, where he became acquainted with Musa Ibn Nusair and his son Abd Al-Aziz, the governors of Al-Andalus. Battle of Toulouse Abd Al-Rahman took part in the Battle of Toulouse, where Al Samh ibn Malik was killed in 721 (102 A.H.) by the forces of Duke Odo of Aquitaine. After the severe defeat, he fled south along with other commanders and troops, and took over the command of Eastern Andalus. He was briefly relieved of his command, when Anbasa ibn Suhaym Al-Kalbi was appoi ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Al-Samh Ibn Malik Al-Khawlani
Al-Samh ibn Malik al-Khawlani ( ar, السمح بن مالك الخولاني) was the Arab governor general of Al-Andalus from between 719 and 721. In 720, under his governorate he minted the first purely Arab coins in Al-Andalus as part of his fiscal reforms. Conquest of remaining Visigothic rule On al-Samh's accession to office, the Visigothic king Ardo still held a grip over the Lower Ebro and Septimania. Early on al-Samh captured Barcelona, and also Narbonne (720), extinguishing the vestigial Visigothic kingdom there after leading an Umayyad incursion into current southern France. Besides the above Narbonne, the Arab commander went on to lead a large Arab army into the rest of Visigothic Septimania, besieging a number of towns and cities including Béziers, Agde, Lodève, Maguelonne (Montpellier) and Nîmes. Siege and defeat at Toulouse After setting up his headquarters in Narbonne, military moves took an unexpected turn when Al-Samh returned to Muslim Iberia to gather more ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Al-Hurr Ibn Abd Al-Rahman Al-Thaqafi
Al-Ḥurr ibn ʿAbd al-Raḥmān al-Thaqafi ( ar, الحر بن عبد الرحمن الثقفي) was an early Umayyad governor who ruled the Islam, Muslim province of Al-Andalus from between 716 and 718. He was the third successor to Musa bin Nusair, the Ifriqiya, North African governor who had directed the conquest of Visigothic Spain, Visigothic Hispania several years earlier in 711.Hitti (1956) p. 499 Al-Hurr was the first Muslim commander to cross the Pyrenees in 717, leading a small raiding party into Septimania. His incursions were largely unsuccessful, for which he was deposed in 718.Livermore (1947) p. 30 Background In 711, an Umayyad army led by freedman Tariq bin Ziyad had been sent to the Iberian peninsula under the orders of North African governor Musa bin Nusair, resulting in its eventual Umayyad conquest of Hispania, conquest. Leaving his son 'Abd al-'Aziz in charge, Musa led a triumphant procession of over 400 well-dressed Visigothic princes, followed by slaves and ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
