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List Of The Largest Ships Hit By U-boats In World War I
During the First World War, U-boats of the German Imperial Navy (german: Kaiserliche Marine) and the Austro-Hungarian Navy (german: Kaiserliche und Königliche Kriegsmarine or K.u.K. Kriegsmarine) sank over 6,000 Allied and neutral ships totaling over 14,200,000 tons.Gibson and Prendergast, pp. 380, 382. Many additional ships that are not included in those totals were damaged, but were able to return to service after repairs. This list contains the approximately 100 ships over 10,000 tons that were either damaged or sunk by U-boats by torpedoes, submarine-laid mines, gunfire, or other means. List Ships listed are presented in descending order on the tonnage figure. Those that were damaged are indicated with an asterisk after their names. Three ships—, , and —appear on the list twice. ''Justicia'' was damaged by on 19 July 1918 and sunk while under tow the following day by . ''Celtic'' was damaged by and in separate incidents in February 1917 and March 1918, respectively. ' ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
First World War
World War I (28 July 1914 11 November 1918), often abbreviated as WWI, was one of the deadliest global conflicts in history. Belligerents included much of Europe, the Russian Empire, the United States, and the Ottoman Empire, with fighting occurring throughout Europe, the Middle East, Africa, the Pacific, and parts of Asia. An estimated 9 million soldiers were killed in combat, plus another 23 million wounded, while 5 million civilians died as a result of military action, hunger, and disease. Millions more died in genocides within the Ottoman Empire and in the 1918 influenza pandemic, which was exacerbated by the movement of combatants during the war. Prior to 1914, the European great powers were divided between the Triple Entente (comprising France, Russia, and Britain) and the Triple Alliance (containing Germany, Austria-Hungary, and Italy). Tensions in the Balkans came to a head on 28 June 1914, following the assassination of Archduke Franz Ferdina ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Linienschiffsleutnant
is a German language variant of the naval officer rank ship-of-the-line lieutenant. The rank is used by the Belgian Navy and formerly the Austro-Hungarian Navy. Austro-Hungary (; hu, Sorhajóhadnagy) was an officer rank in the Austro-Hungarian Navy. It was equivalent to of the Austro-Hungarian Army, as well to of the Imperial German Navy. The rank designation was used continuously in the Austria-Hungarian follow on countries Yugoslavia, Croatia, and Slovenia, as well as in the modern day's Austrian merchant navy. The rank name was selected in line to the division of war ships to specific ship categories early of the 19th century, e.g. corvette (), frigate (), and to ship of the line (). In the Austro-Hungarian Navy the appropriate rank designations were derived as follows. According to that systematic the rank designations to subaltern – or junior officers were derived as follows: * Linienschiffsleutnant equivalent to Hauptmann * Fregattenleutnant equivalent t ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Alfred Saalwächter
Alfred Saalwächter (10 January 1883 – 6 December 1945) was a high-ranking German U-boat commander during World War I and General Admiral during World War II. Early life Saalwächter was born in Neusalz an der Oder, Prussian Silesia, as the son of a factory manager. He entered the ''Kaiserliche Marine'' as a ''Seekadett'' on 10 April 1901, and was trained on and . On 29 September 1904 he was promoted to ''Leutnant zur See''. Saalwächter then served with '' Bordkommando'' units, first with the 2. Matrosen-Division, then on with the 2. Werft-Division. He was promoted to ''Oberleutnant zur See'' on 10 March 1906; until 1908, he served with the 2. Torpedo-Division as adjutant to the I. Abteilung. Saalwächter also served on . Saalwächter served on in 1910 and later on as ''Flaggleutnant'' to Vice Admiral Hugo von Pohl, commander of the I. Marine-Geschwader. Saalwächter was promoted to ''Kapitänleutnant'' on 10 April 1911 and joined the admiralty in Berlin. He remained in ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Heino Von Heimburg
Heino von Heimburg (24 October 1889 – October 1945) was a German U-boat commander in the Kaiserliche Marine during World War I and served also as ''Vizeadmiral'' (vice admiral) in the Kriegsmarine during World War II. World War I On 10 June 1915, Heimburg, in command of sank the off Porto di Piave Vecchia in the northern Adriatic. On 6 July 1915, Heimburg, in command of with a crew of 14, torpedoed and sank the while operating under the Austrian flag off Venice. On 16 July, Heimburg sailed for the Dardanelles. This was at a time when the range of submarines was very limited. To reach Bodrum, ''UB-14'' had to be towed a considerable part of the distance by an Austrian destroyer. Even so, her engine broke down off Crete and her compass became defective. Despite these problems, she arrived at Bodrum on 24 July. On arrival, she recharged the batteries of , which had arrived four days earlier with engine problems. A maintenance team then had to travel from Constantinople to ca ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
SS Minnewaska (1909)
SS ''Minnewaska'' was a British ocean liner that was one of the ships that assisted with sending out survivors names following the 1912 disaster. In 1916, she hit a mine laid by in the Mediterranean Sea southeast of Dentero Point, Suda Bay, Crete, while she was travelling from Alexandria, Egypt to Saloniki with 1,600 troops. Construction ''Minnewaska'' was constructed in 1908 at the Harland & Wolff shipyard in Belfast, United Kingdom. She was launched on 12 November 1908 and completed in 1909. The ship was long, with a beam of and a depth of . The ship was assessed at . She had 2 quadruple expansion engines driving a two screw propellers and the engine was rated at 1,222 nhp. She had five sister ships: * * * * * * Accidents In her career as an ocean liner and transport ship, ''Minnewaska'' had a few accidents. In late April 1911, 19-year-old seaman J. W. Browning fell overboard when his lifeline broke while he was working on the lifeboats. According to t ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Otto Schultze
Otto Schultze (11 May 1884 – 22 January 1966) was a '' Generaladmiral'' with the ''Kriegsmarine'' during World War II and a recipient of the ''Pour le Mérite'' during World War I. The ''Pour le Mérite'' was the Kingdom of Prussia's highest military order for German soldiers until the end of World War I. As a U-boat commander during World War I, he was credited with the sinking of 53 merchant ships for a total of 132,567 gross register tons, and of displacement. Early career Schultze was born on 11 May 1884 in Oldenburg and following his primary education, he joined the ''Kaiserliche Marine'' (Imperial Navy) on 7 April 1900 as a ''Seekadett'' (sea cadet). He initially served on during World War I before transferring to the U-boat service in 1915, taking command of . He surrendered command of ''U-63'' in mid-December 1917. He then served as a first officer of the admiral staff of the commander in chief of the U-boats at the Mediterranean Sea. At the same time, he held the ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Helmut Brümmer-Patzig
Helmut Patzig, also known as Helmut Brümmer-Patzig (26 October 1890 – 11 March 1984) was a German U-boat commander in the Kaiserliche Marine in World War I, and the Kriegsmarine in World War II. He was captain of , the vessel that sank a Canadian hospital ship, , in 1918. Patzig evaded prosecution at the Leipzig War Crimes Trials in 1921 because he fled German jurisdiction. During the Second World War he returned to naval service, serving as commander of the 26th U-boat Flotilla, a U-boat training group, from 1943 into 1945. Career World War I Patzig was born in the historic German port city of Danzig (now Gdańsk) in 1890, and, as Helmut Patzig, joined the German Navy as a 19-year-old cadet in April 1910. At first assigned to surface ships, the young seaman switched to U-boat service in November 1915, by which time World War I had begun. As a submarine watch officer, Patzig was awarded the Iron Cross – First Class in March 1917. He was assigned to his first sea command, th ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Walther Schwieger
Kapitänleutnant Walther Schwieger (Wilhem Otto Walther Schwieger) (7 April 1885 – 5 September 1917) was a U-boat commander in the Imperial German Navy (''Kaiserliche Marine'') during First World War. In 1915, he sank the passenger liner with the loss of 1,198 lives. Military career In 1903 he joined the Imperial German Navy and from 1911 onwards he served with the U-boat Service. In 1912 he took over the command of the . After the outbreak of World War I in 1914 he was promoted to ''Kapitänleutnant'' and given command of the . On 7 May 1915, Schwieger was responsible for ''U-20'' sinking passenger liner leading to the deaths of 1,198 people, an event that played a role in the United States' later entry into World War I. He also torpedoed SS ''Hesperian'' on 4 September 1915 and on 8 May 1916. On 31 May 1917, his U-boat sank the '' Miyazaki Maru'' during that ship's voyage from Yokohama to London, causing the loss of eight lives. Schwieger was killed in action on 5 ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Otto Von Schrader
__NOTOC__ Otto von Schrader (18 March 1888 – 19 July 1945) was a German admiral during World War II and a recipient of the Knight's Cross of the Iron Cross of Nazi Germany. As a U-boat commander during World War I, he was credited with the sinking of 57 ships for a total of , a further 6 ships damaged for a total of , including , and one ship of taken as a prize. Schrader was taken prisoner of war in Norway at the end of World War II. He committed suicide in Norwegian captivity on 19 July 1945. Awards * Iron Cross (1914) 1st Class (1 August 1916)Dörr 1996, p. 236. * Knight's Cross of the House Order of Hohenzollern with Swords (5 March 1922) * Hanseatic Cross of Hamburg (5 March 1922) * U-boat War Badge (20 November 1926) * Gallipoli Star (Ottoman War Medal - tr, Harp Madalyası) (20 November 1926) * Knight's Cross with Crown of the Bulgarian Order of Military Merit (20 November 1926) * Clasp to the Iron Cross (1939) 1st Class (5 May 1940) * German Cross in Gold on 20 Novemb ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Displacement (ship)
The displacement or displacement tonnage of a ship is its weight. As the term indicates, it is measured indirectly, using Archimedes' principle, by first calculating the volume of water displaced by the ship, then converting that value into weight. Traditionally, various measurement rules have been in use, giving various measures in long tons. Today, tonnes are more commonly used. Ship displacement varies by a vessel's degree of load, from its empty weight as designed (known as "lightweight tonnage") to its maximum load. Numerous specific terms are used to describe varying levels of load and trim, detailed below. Ship displacement should not be confused with measurements of volume or capacity typically used for commercial vessels and measured by tonnage: net tonnage and gross tonnage. Calculation The process of determining a vessel's displacement begins with measuring its draft.George, 2005. p.5. This is accomplished by means of its "draft marks" (or "load lines"). A mer ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
National Archives And Records Administration
The National Archives and Records Administration (NARA) is an " independent federal agency of the United States government within the executive branch", charged with the preservation and documentation of government and historical records. It is also tasked with increasing public access to those documents which make up the National Archive. NARA is officially responsible for maintaining and publishing the legally authentic and authoritative copies of acts of Congress, presidential directives, and federal regulations. NARA also transmits votes of the Electoral College to Congress. It also examines Electoral College and Constitutional amendment ratification documents for prima facie legal sufficiency and an authenticating signature. The National Archives, and its publicly exhibited Charters of Freedom, which include the original United States Declaration of Independence, United States Constitution, United States Bill of Rights, and many other historical documents, is headquarte ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
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