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List Of Tamil Monarchs
This is a list of ethnically Tamil and predominantly Tamil speaking monarchs, who ruled in Southern India and parts of Sri Lanka and South East Asia. The ancient Tamil monarchy was largely hereditary and supported by numerous chieftains. Tamil royal titles * ''Perun-Ko, Perarasan, Irai, Iraivan'' (Emperor) * ''Perarasi'' (Empress) * ''Ko, Arasan, Mannan, Aliyan'' or ''Araiyan'' (King) * ''Arasi'' (Queen) * ''Ilavarasi'' or ''Piratti'' (Princess) * ''Ilam-Ko'' or ''Ilavarasan'' (Prince) * ''Kuru-nila Mannan'' or ''Chitarasan'' (Petty King) * ''Chitarasi'' (Petty Queen) * ''Antavan'' (Ruler) Ethnically Tamil monarchs Three Crowned Kings There were "Three Crowned Kings" which is – * Chera * Chola * Pandya Pandyan dynasty (c. 600 BCE – 1620 CE) Early Pandyans (c. 6th century BCE – 3rd century CE) * Koon Pandiyan * Nedunjeliyan I (he was mentioned in legend of Kannagi) * Pudappandiyan * Mudukudumi Peruvazhudhi * Nedunjeliyan II * Nanmaran * Nedunjeliyan III * M ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Tamils
The Tamil people, also known as Tamilar ( ta, தமிழர், Tamiḻar, translit-std=ISO, in the singular or ta, தமிழர்கள், Tamiḻarkaḷ, translit-std=ISO, label=none, in the plural), or simply Tamils (), are a Dravidian ethno-linguistic group who trace their ancestry mainly to India’s southern state of Tamil Nadu, union territory of Puducherry and to Sri Lanka. Tamils who speak the Tamil Language and are born in Tamil clans are considered Tamilians. Tamils constitute 5.9% of the population in India (concentrated mainly in Tamil Nadu and Puducherry), 15% in Sri Lanka (excluding Sri Lankan Moors), 7% in Malaysia, 6% in Mauritius, and 5% in Singapore. From the 4th century BCE, urbanisation and mercantile activity along the western and eastern coasts of what is today Kerala and Tamil Nadu led to the development of four large Tamil empires, the Cheras, Cholas, Pandyas, and Pallavas and a number of smaller states, all of whom were warring amongst ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Arikesari Maravarman
Arikesari Maravarman (''r. c.'' 640–690 CE), also known as Parankusa, was a Pandya dynasty, Pandya king of early medieval south India. Arikesari's reign witnessed the beginning of the Pandya contest with the Pallava dynasty, Pallavas in the northern Tamil country. He probably entered into an alliance with Chalukya dynasty, Chalukyas (to the counter the Pallava dynasty, Pallavas). The Pandyas also came into collision with the Chera dynasty, Cheras ("Keralas") under his rule. Period Arikesari Maravarman was the successor of Jayantavarman, Seliyan Sendan (Jayantavarman), but it is not known for certain if he was Jayantavarman's son or not (most probably his son). * K. A. Nilakanta Sastri (the first assumption) - c. 670–710 CE * K. A. Nilakanta Sastri (revised date) - c. 670–700 CE * T. V. Sadasiva Pandarathar - c. 640–670 CE *Noboru Karashima, Noburu Karashima - c. 650–700 CE (or) c. 670–700 CE * V. Vedachalam & A. Kalavathi - c. 640&ndash ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Maaravarman Kulasekara Pandyan I
Maravarman Kulasekara Pandyan I ( ta, முதலாம் மாறவர்மன் குலசேகர பாண்டியன்) was a Pandyan emperor who ruled regions of South India between 1268–1308 CE, though history professor Sailendra Sen states he ruled until 1310. His death lead to the Pandyan Civil War in 1308–1323. Accession and shared rule Kulasekara Pandyan I acceded to the Pandyan throne in the year 1268 CE after his father Jatavarman Sundara Pandyan I. During the middle part of the 13th century, the kingdom was ruled by many princes of the royal line. This practice of shared rule with one prince asserting primacy was common in the Pandyan Kingdom. The other princes of the royal family with whom he shared his rule were Jatavarman Vira Pandyan I (1253-1275 CE), his brother Maravarman Vikkiraman III (acceded 1283 CE) and Jatavarman Sundara Pandyan II (acceded 1277 CE). Marco Polo refers to him as the "eldest of five brother kings". Conquests Wars ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Jatavarman Sundara Pandyan
Jatavarman Sundara I, also known as Sadayavarman Sundara Pandyan, was a emperor of the Pandyan dynasty who ruled regions of Tamilakkam (present day South India) between 1250–1268 CE.Sethuraman, p124 He is remembered for his patronage of the arts and tamil architecture, along with refurbishment and decoration of many Kovils (temple) in the Tamil continent. He oversaw a massive economic growth of the Pandyan empire. On the eve of his death in 1268 CE, the second Pandyan empire's power and territorial extent had risen to its zenith. Accession Sundara Pandyan I acceded to the Pandyan throne in the year 1251 CE. During the middle part of the 13th century, Pandya kingdom was ruled by many princes of the royal line. This practice of shared rule with one prince asserting primacy was common in the Pandyan Kingdom. The other princes of the Pandyan royal family with whom Sundara Pandyan I shared his rule were Maravarman Vikkiraman II and his brother Jatavarman Veera Pandyan I.Narasa ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Maravarman Sundara Pandyan II
Maravarman Sundara Pandyan II ( ta, இரண்டாம் மாறவர்மன் சுந்தர பாண்டியன்) was a Pandyan king, who ruled regions of South India between 1238–1240 CE.Sethuraman, p124 Shared rule Sundara Pandiyan II was one of two Pandyan princes who acceded to power in 1238 after Maravarman Sundara Pandyan I. He shared his rule with his elder brother Jatavarman Kulasekaran II for two years.Narasayya, p43 This practice of shared rule with one prince asserting primacy was common in the Pandyan Kingdom. His years of reign are unclear. While KA Nilakanta Sastri mentions him as the Pandyan prince defeated by Rajendra Chola III around 1250,KA Nilakanta Sastri, p195. N Sethuraman mentions another Pandyan prince - Jatavarman Vikkiraman I as the Pandyan ruler between 1241 and 1250. Hoysala influence This period was marked with increasing Hoysala influence over Chola kingdom under the rule of Vira Someshwara. According to KA Nilakanta ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Sadayavarman Kulasekaran II
Sadayavarman Kulasekaran II ( ta, இரண்டாம் சடையவர்மன் குலசேகரன்) was a Pandyan king, who ruled regions of South India between 1238–1240. Shared rule Kulasekaran was one of two Pandyan princes who acceded to power in 1238 after Maravarman Sundara Pandyan. He shared his rule with his younger brother Maravarman Sundara Pandyan II.Narasayya, p43 This practice of shared rule with one prince asserting primacy was common in the Pandyan Kingdom. Hoysala Influence Kulasekaran's rule was marked with increasing Hoysala influence under the rule of Vira Someshwara. According to KA Nilakanta Sastri: ''Hoysala influence over the whole area of the Chola kingdom and even in the Pandya country increased steadily from about 1220 to 1245, a period which may be well described as that of Hoysala hegemony in the south.'' The Pandyan inscriptions of this period indicate tribute being paid to the Hoysala king Distinction from other Kula ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Maravarman Sundara Pandyan
Maravarman Sundara Pandyan I was a Pandyan king, who ruled regions of South India between 1216–1238 CE. He laid the foundation for the Pandya revival, after being dominated by the Cholas for several centuries. Accession Sundara Pandyan came to power in 1216 CE after his elder brothers death Jatavarman Kulasekara Pandyan. Kulasekara Pandyan was a vassal of the Chola King Kulothunga Chola III. He had opposed and been defeated by Kulothunga Chola III in 1205 CE, when the victorious Chola armies burned down the ancient Pandyan coronation hall in Madurai. This sowed the seed for revenge when Sundara Pandyan took power. War against the Cholas To avenge his brother's humiliation in the hands of Kulothunga Chola III, Sundara Pandyan invaded the Chola kingdom soon after his accession. Kulothunga Chola III was nearing the end of his long 40-year reign and was hampered by old age and the swiftness of the Pandyan invasion. Sundara Pandyan sacked the Chola cities of Thanjavur and Ur ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Parakrama Pandyan II
Parakrama Pandyan II, also Pandu Parakramabahu of Polonnaruwa or Parakrama Pandu, was a Pandyan king who invaded the Kingdom of Polonnaruwa in the thirteenth century and ruled from 1212 to 1215 CE. His namesake royal Parakrama Pandyan I had ruled in Madurai fifty years earlier and had sought help from his contemporary Parakramabahu I of Polonnaruwa when faced with a Pandyan civil war. Parakrama Pandyan II came to the throne deposing Lilavati—ruling monarch, consort and successor of Parakramabahu I—as king of Polonnaruwa. He ruled for three years until Polonnaruwa was invaded and he was taken captive by Kalinga Magha, who succeeded him. See also * Pandyan Dynasty * List of Sri Lankan monarchs * History of Sri Lanka The history of Sri Lanka is intertwined with the history of the broader Indian subcontinent and the surrounding regions, comprising the areas of South Asia, Southeast Asia and Indian Ocean. The early human remains found on the island of Sri ... Reference ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Jatavarman Kulasekaran I
Sadayavarman Kulasekaran I ( ta, முதலாம் சடையவர்மன் குலசேகரன்) was a Pandyan king, who ruled regions of South India between 1190–1216. Accession and background Kulasekaran acceded to the Pandyan throne after his father Vikkirama Pandyan in 1190. Vikkirama Pandyan had gained the throne of Madurai with the help of Kulothunga Chola III. Kulothunga had defeated the rebellion of Vira Pandyan and his Sri Lankan allies and awarded the throne to Vikkirama Pandyan. Vikkiraman's son Kulasekaran became the ruler in 1190. He was a brother-in-law of the Chera prince Kothai Ravivarman. War and defeat Kulasekaran was a vassal of the Chola empire. When Kulothunga was warring with Hoysalas in the north, he refused to pay tribute to the Cholas. This led to a Chola invasion in retribution. In 1205, the Chola armies defeated the Pandyan army and sacked Madurai. The ancient coronation hall of Pandyan kings was destroyed, the remains plowed with ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Parakrama Pandyan I
Parakrama Pandyan I was a Pandyan king of Tamilakkam, ruling from the Pandyan capital in Madurai. He was besieged in the Pandyan Civil War (1169–1177) by his contemporary, rival and throne claimant Kulasekhara Pandyan in 1169, a vassal of the Chola Dynasty. Parakrama Pandyan I sought assistance from the Ceylonese king Parakramabahu I of Polonnaruwa, but was subsequently executed. Kulasekhara Pandyan ascended to the Madurai throne, but was eventually forced to seek refuge in Chola country in 1171. Parakrama Pandyan I's son Vira Pandyan III ascended on the Pandyan throne before he was defeated by Chola forces. In 1212, a succeeding namesake royal of the dynasty, Parakrama Pandyan II, invaded Ceylon and became monarch at Polonnaruwa Poḷonnaruwa, ( si, පොළොන්නරුව, translit=Poḷonnaruva; ta, பொலன்னறுவை, translit=Polaṉṉaṟuvai) also referred as Pulathisipura and Vijayarajapura in ancient times, is the main town of Polonnaruwa Dis ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Maravarman Rajasimha II
Maravarman Rajasimha II (''r. c.'' 900–915 AD) was the last major king of the early medieval Pandya kingdom (6th–10th century AD) of south India. He was the son and successor of Parantaka Viranarayana (''r. c.'' 880–900 AD).Sastri, K. A. Nilakanta. (1958, second ed.) ''A History of South India from Prehistoric Times to the Fall of Vijayanagar.'' Madras, Oxford University Press. 165.Sastri, K. A. Nilakanta. (1929) ''The Pandyan Kingdom.'' London, Luzac and Company. 79-80. He is the donor of the Larger Sinnamanur Plates. Rajasimha was the son of Parantaka Viranarayana and Vanavan Mahadevi (a Kongu Chera princessNarayanan, M. G. S. ''Perumāḷs of Kerala.'' Thrissur (Kerala): CosmoBooks, 2013. 95-96 and 108.). Chola king Parantaka I (''r. c.'' 907–55) invaded the Pandya territories in 910 AD and captured Madurai (hence the title "Madurai Konda", or the Conqueror of Madurai, for the Chola).Sastri, K. A. Nilakanta. (1958, second ed.) ''A History of South India from Prehisto ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Varagunavarman II
Varagunavarman II, also described as Varaguna II, was a king of the Pandya dynasty in south India whose reign lasted from c. 862 until c. 879 CE.Sastri, K. A. Nilakanta. (1958, second ed.) ''A History of South India from Prehistoric Times to the Fall of Vijayanagar.'' Madras, Oxford University Press. 165. Varaguna II was famously defeated by a contingent of troops led by Pallava king Aparajita around 879 CE. Background Srimara Srivallabha (r. c. 815—862 AD), the predecessor of Varaguna II, was defeated by the Rashtrakuta king Amoghavarsha (the battle of Arisil).Sastri, K. A. Nilakanta. (1958, second ed.) ''A History of South India from Prehistoric Times to the Fall of Vijayanagar.'' Madras, Oxford University Press. 153-54. Madurai was then sacked by the forces of the Lankan ruler Sena II.Noburu Karashima (ed.), ''A Concise History of South India: Issues and Interpretations.'' New Delhi: Oxford University Press, 2014. 88-89. Maya Pandya was installed on the Pandya throne ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
