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List Of Roman Taxes
This is a list of the taxes levied by ancient Rome. Land *Tributum soli, the tax on land. Trade *Collatio lustralis, was a tax on anyone who makes a product, or provides a service, with the exception of physicians, teachers, and farmers.''Oxford Classical Dictionary'', 2nd ed. 1970. p. 263 * Portoria, was a 2.5% customs tax. It was higher in the Near East. * Quadragesima Galliarum, was a 2.5% customs tax based in Lugdunum. Military * Aes equestre was a tax on orphans (orbi) and widows to pay for the horses of the equus publicus. *Aes hordearium was a tax on orphans (orbi) and widows or single women ( viduae), it was levied to pay for the upkeep of the horses of the equus publicus. Marriage * Aes uxorium was a tax on unmarried men and women who could bear children.Harry Thurston Peck. Harpers Dictionary of Classical Antiquities. New York. Harper and Brothers. 1898. Inheritance *Vicesima hereditatium was a 5% inheritance tax, close relatives were exempt from paying it. Sales * ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Ancient Rome
In modern historiography, ancient Rome refers to Roman civilisation from the founding of the city of Rome in the 8th century BC to the collapse of the Western Roman Empire in the 5th century AD. It encompasses the Roman Kingdom (753–509 BC), Roman Republic (509–27 BC) and Roman Empire (27 BC–476 AD) until the fall of the western empire. Ancient Rome began as an Italic settlement, traditionally dated to 753 BC, beside the River Tiber in the Italian Peninsula. The settlement grew into the city and polity of Rome, and came to control its neighbours through a combination of treaties and military strength. It eventually dominated the Italian Peninsula, assimilated the Greek culture of southern Italy ( Magna Grecia) and the Etruscan culture and acquired an Empire that took in much of Europe and the lands and peoples surrounding the Mediterranean Sea. It was among the largest empires in the ancient world, with an estimated 50 to 90 million inhabitants, roughly 20% of t ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Augustus
Caesar Augustus (born Gaius Octavius; 23 September 63 BC – 19 August AD 14), also known as Octavian, was the first Roman emperor; he reigned from 27 BC until his death in AD 14. He is known for being the founder of the Roman Principate, which is the first phase of the Roman Empire, and Augustus is considered one of the greatest leaders in human history. The reign of Augustus initiated an imperial cult as well as an era associated with imperial peace, the ''Pax Romana'' or ''Pax Augusta''. The Roman world was largely free from large-scale conflict for more than two centuries despite continuous wars of imperial expansion on the empire's frontiers and the year-long civil war known as the "Year of the Four Emperors" over the imperial succession. Originally named Gaius Octavius, he was born into an old and wealthy equestrian branch of the plebeian ''gens'' Octavia. His maternal great-uncle Julius Caesar was assassinated in 44 BC, and Octavius was named in Caesar' ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Taxation In Ancient Rome
There were four primary kinds of taxation in ancient Rome: a cattle tax, a land tax, customs, and a tax on the profits of any profession. These taxes were typically collected by local aristocrats. The Roman state would set a fixed amount of money each region needed to provide in taxes, and the local officials would decide who paid the taxes and how much they paid. Once collected the taxes would be used to fund the military, create public works, establish trade networks, stimulate the economy, and to fund the '' cursus publicum''. Types The ancient Romans had two classes of taxes: the '' tributa'' and the ''vectigalia''. ''Tributa'' included the '' tributum soli'' (a land tax) and the ''tributum capitis'' (a poll tax). The ''vectigalia'' consisted of four kinds of tax: the '' portoria'' (poll tax), the '' vicesima hereditatium'' (inheritance tax), the '' vicesima liberatis'' ( postage tax), and the '' centesima rerum venalium'' (auction sales tax). Cities may have occasionall ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Ager Publicus
The ''ager publicus'' (; "public land") is the Latin name for the public land of Ancient Rome. It was usually acquired via the means of expropriation from enemies of Rome. History In the earliest periods of Roman expansion in central Italy, the ''ager publicus'' was used for Roman and (after 338 BC) Latin colonies. Later tradition held that as far back as the 5th century BC, the patrician and plebeian classes disputed the rights of the rich to exploit the land, and in 367 BC two Plebeian Tribunes, Gaius Licinius Stolo and Lucius Sextius Sextinus Lateranus promulgated a law which limited the amount of the ''ager publicus'' to be held by any individual to 500 iugera, roughly . In the half century following the Battle of Telamon (c. 225 BC), the Romans fully absorbed Cisalpine Gaul, adding huge swathes of land to the ''ager publicus'', land which was more often than not given to new Latin colonies or to small freeholders. In the south of Italy, huge tracts of newly re-incorpor ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Customs Tax
Customs is an authority or agency in a country responsible for collecting tariffs and for controlling the flow of goods, including animals, transports, personal effects, and hazardous items, into and out of a country. Traditionally, customs has been considered as the fiscal subject that charges customs duties (i.e. tariffs) and other taxes on import and export. In recent decades, the views on the functions of customs have considerably expanded and now covers three basic issues: taxation, security, and trade facilitation. Each country has its own laws and regulations for the import and export of goods into and out of a country, enforced by their respective customs authorities; the import/export of some goods may be restricted or forbidden entirely. A wide range of penalties are faced by those who break these laws. Overview Taxation The traditional function of customs has been the assessment and collection of customs duties, which is a tariff or tax on the importation or, ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Quinta Et Vicesima Venalium Mancipiorum
Quinta may refer to: * Quinta (estate) in Portugal * Quinta (musician), British multi-instrumentalist * In medieval music theory, alternative term for diapente (perfect fifth) * ''Quinta'' (skipper), genus of butterflies * Claudia Quinta, Roman matron * Quintus (vocal music), fifth voice in polyphony * Quinta Brunson, writer and comedian * shorthand for Biblia Hebraica Quinta, standard Hebrew Bible text * Quinta, Cuba an alternative name for La Quinta, Cuba See also * Tropical Cyclone Quinta, a typhoon name used in The Philippines by PAGASA * La Quinta (other) * Quinta da Beloura, an affluent gated community and golf resort located in Linhó, Sintra, on the Portuguese Riviera * Quinta Normal, Chile * Quinta Grande Quinta Grande, created on 24July 1848, is one of the five civil parishes that constitute the municipality of Câmara de Lobos in the archipelago of Madeira, Portugal. The population was 2,099, in an area of . [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Vicesima Libertatis
The ''Vicesima libertatis'', also known as the ''Vicesima Manumissionum'' was an ancient Republican Roman tax on freed slaves. It is unclear how the tax was collected. One possibility is that, if the master freed the slave the government would tax the master for 5% of the slaves value, while if the slave freed themselves they would be taxed. Another possibility is that the tax was for registering a slave as free, not for freeing them in the first place. Evidence dating back to the Republic suggests that the collection of the tax was likely farmed out to the ''publicani''. By the time of the empire, collection of the tax likely was controlled by the emperor themselves. According to Livy, it was established in 357 BCE by the Consul Gnaeus Manlius. It is possible that this tax was instituted to compensate for the deprivation of the Roman treasury, known as the aerarium Saturni. Livy stated that the wealth garnered from the tax, which totaled around four thousand pounds of gold, was ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Jus Italicum
''Ius Italicum'' (Latin, Italian or Italic law) was a law in the early Roman Empire that allowed the emperors to grant cities outside Italy the legal fiction that they were on Italian soil. This meant that the city would be governed under Roman law rather than local law, would have a greater degree of autonomy in their relations with provincial governors, and that people born in the city automatically gained Roman citizenship. As Rome citizens, people were able to buy and sell property, were exempt from land tax, and the poll tax and were entitled to protection under Roman law. ''Ius Italicum'' was the highest liberty a municipality or province could obtain and was considered very favorable. Emperors, such as Augustus and Septimius Severus, made use of the law during their reign. Augustus' enactment of the law Emperor Augustus was one of the first Emperors to implement the law of ''Ius Italicum'' during his reign. During Emperor Augustus' reign he gave land-grants to veterans wh ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Tributum Capitis
The ''Tributum capitis'' was a poll tax in ancient Rome. History The ancient Romans imposed a ''tributum capitis'' (poll tax) as one of the principal direct taxes on the peoples of the Roman provinces.''Digest'' 50, tit.15 In the Republican period, poll taxes were principally collected by private tax farmers (''publicani''), but from the time of Emperor Augustus, the collections were gradually transferred to magistrates and the senates of provincial cities. The Roman census was conducted periodically in the provinces to draw up and update the poll tax register. The Roman poll tax fell principally on Roman subjects in the provinces, but not on Roman citizens. Towns in the provinces who possessed the ''Jus Italicum'' (enjoying the "privileges of Italy") were exempted from the poll tax. The 212 edict of Emperor Caracalla which formally conferred Roman citizenship on all residents of Roman provinces, did not however exempt them from the poll tax. The Roman poll tax was deeply resente ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Denarii
The denarius (, dēnāriī ) was the standard Roman silver coin from its introduction in the Second Punic War to the reign of Gordian III (AD 238–244), when it was gradually replaced by the antoninianus. It continued to be minted in very small quantities, likely for ceremonial purposes, until and through the Tetrarchy (293–313). The word ''dēnārius'' is derived from the Latin ''dēnī'' "containing ten", as its value was originally of 10 assēs.Its value was increased to 16 assēs in the middle of the 2nd century BC. The word for "money" descends from it in Italian (''denaro''), Slovene (''denar''), Portuguese (''dinheiro''), and Spanish (''dinero''). Its name also survives in the dinar currency. Its symbol is represented in Unicode as 𐆖 (U+10196), a numeral monogram that appeared on the obverse in the Republican period, denoting the 10 asses ("X") to 1 denarius ("I") conversion rate. However it can also be represented as X̶ (capital letter X with combining long st ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
