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List Of Roman Dictators
A list of all of the Roman dictators and magistri equitum known from ancient sources. In some cases the names or dates have been inferred by modern historians. Key to Latin terms and phrases Roman dictators were usually appointed for a specific purpose, or ''causa'', which limited the scope of their activities. The chief ''causae'' were ''rei gerundae'' (a general purpose, usually to lead an army in the field against a particular enemy), '' clavi figendi'' (an important religious rite involving the driving of a nail into the wall of the Temple of Jupiter Optimus Maximus), and ''comitiorum habendorum'' (the holding of the ''comitia'' to elect magistrates, when the consuls were unable to do so). Other ''causae'' included ''ludorum faciendorum'', holding the ''Ludi Romani'' (Roman games), an important religious festival; ''ferarium constituendarum'' (establishing a religious festival in response to serious prodigies); ''seditionis sedandae'' (quelling sedition); and in one remarkab ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Roman Dictator
A Roman dictator was an extraordinary Roman magistrate, magistrate in the Roman Republic endowed with full authority to resolve some specific problem to which he had been assigned. He received the full powers of the state, subordinating the other magistrates, Roman consul, consuls included, for the specific purpose of resolving that issue, and that issue only, and then dispensing with those powers forthwith. Dictators were still controlled and accountable during their terms in office: the Senate still exercised some oversight authority and the right of Tribune of the Plebs, plebeian tribunes to veto his actions or of the people to appeal from them was retained. The extent of a dictator's mandate strictly controlled the ends to which his powers could be directed. Dictators were also liable to prosecution after their terms completed. Dictators were frequently appointed from the earliest period of the Republic down to the Second Punic War (218–201 BC), but the magistracy then ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Gaius Aemilius Mamercus
Gaius Aemilius Mamercus was a Roman statesman who may have served as Dictator in 463 BC. Historical divergence No dictator is listed for this year in the ''fasti consulares'', but Lydus says that there was a Dictator in the forty-eighty year of the republic. Bendel links this with the story that the senate appointed a Dictator ''clavi figendi causa'' in 363 BC because that had worked to stop a pestilence a century earlier and concludes that Mamercus was this Dictator. Broughton sees this as an insufficient reason to say that Mamercus was dictator in 463 BC, and suggests that Lydus has confused a Dictator with an Interrex The interrex (plural interreges) was literally a ruler "between kings" (Latin ''inter reges'') during the Roman Kingdom and the Roman Republic. He was in effect a short-term regent. History The office of ''interrex'' was supposedly created follow .... References {{DEFAULTSORT:Aemilius Mamercus, Gaius Ancient Roman dictators 5th-century BC Romans Mamercus ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Publius Cornelius Rutilus Cossus
Publius Cornelius Rutilus Cossus was a statesman and military commander from the early Roman Republic who served as Dictator in 408 BC. Family Cossus belonged to the gens Cornelia, one of the most important patrician gentes of the Republic. His father was named Marcus, and his grandfather Lucius, but no magistracy is recorded for them. He was however the brother of the more famous Aulus Cornelius Cossus, one of the only three Romans awarded the ''spolia opima'' for having killed the king of Veii Lars Tolumnius in single combat. Aulus was then consul in 428, and consular tribune in 426. Publius' had at least two nephews: Gnaeus, consular tribune in 414 and consul in 409, and Publius, consular tribune in 408. Aulus, dictator in 385 and perhaps consul in 413, may have also been his nephew. The Cornelii Cossi were thus among the foremost families of the Republic at the end of the 5th century BC. Career In 408 BC, a large army comprising mainly Volsci and Aequi assembled at An ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Gaius Servilius Axilla
Gaius Servilius Axilla (or Servilius Structus; 427–417 BC) was a Roman aristocrat and statesman during the early Republic. He held the senior executive offices of consul in 427 BC and consular tribune in 419, 418 and 417 BC. He also served as master of the horse (''magister equitum''), or deputy, to the dictator Quintus Servilius Priscus Fidenas in 418 BC, when the latter had been appointed to wage war against the Aequi. Conflicting traditions Ancient sources present confused and conflicting accounts of the identity of Servilius and the offices he held. In the tradition of the ''Fasti Capitolini'', a list of Roman magistrates compiled during the rule of emperor Augustus, one single person, Servilius Axilla, held the offices of consul in 427 BC, consular tribune in 419–417 and ''magister equitum'' in 418. In the histories of Livy and Diodoros, there is no mention of any Servilius as tribune in 419 BC. For 418, Livy gives the tribune no surname at all and identifies him as a ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Aulus Cornelius Cossus
__NOTOC__ Aulus Cornelius Cossus was a Roman general from the early Republic. He is most famous for being the second Roman, after Romulus, to be awarded the ''spolia opima,'' Rome's highest military honor, for killing the commander of an enemy army in single combat. Only three Romans ever achieved this feat, but a fourth winner was officially denied the honor by a jealous Consul Caesar Octavianus (later Augustus) who insisted the honor was limited exclusively to Roman commanders. Cornelius Cossus proves otherwise. The achievement happened at the Battle of Fidenae in 437 BC when Rome faced the forces of Fidenae (a Roman colony in revolt) allied with both the Falerii and Veii, among Rome's most longstanding and powerful enemies. The Romans fought under the command of Dictator Mamercus Aemilius Mamercinus, the enemy fought under the command of King Lars Tolumnius of Veii. According to Livy's account, the "remarkably handsome" cavalry officer Cornelius Cossus identified the king dur ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Lucius Julius Iullus (consul)
Lucius Julius Iullus ( 438–430 BC) was a member of the ancient patrician (ancient Rome), patrician Julia gens, gens Julia. He was one of the tribuni militum consulari potestate, consular tribunes of 438 BC, magister equitum in 431, and Roman consul, consul in 430 BC.''Dictionary of Greek and Roman Biography and Mythology'', vol. II, p. 657. Family Lucius was the son of Vopiscus Julius Iulus, who had been consul in 473 BC, and grandson of the Gaius Julius Iulus (consul 489 BC), Gaius Julius Iulus who had been consul in 489. His uncle Gaius Julius Iulus (consul 482 BC), Gaius was consul in 482 BC, and the Gaius Julius Iulus (consul 447 BC), Gaius Julius Iulus who was consul in 447 and again in 435 was his cousin. He was the father of Lucius Julius Iulus (consular tribune 401 BC), Lucius Julius Iulus, consular tribune in 401 and 397 BC. The Sextus Julius Iulus who was consular tribune in 424 might have been Lucius' younger brother, or perhaps a cousin. Career Consular tribune ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Aulus Postumius Tubertus
Aulus Postumius Tubertus was a Roman military leader in the wars with the Aequi and Volsci during the fifth century BC. He served as ''Magister Equitum'' under the dictator Mamercus Aemilius Mamercinus in 434 BC, and was dictator himself in 431.''Dictionary of Greek and Roman Biography and Mythology'', vol. III, p. 1180 ("Tubertus", No. 2). Postumius' son-in-law was Titus Quinctius Cincinnatus Pennus, consul in 431 and 428 BC. When it was decided to appoint a dictator to undertake the war with the Aequi and Volsci in 431, the consuls could not agree, and by lot the choice fell to Cincinnatus, who nominated his father-in-law. The two men proceeded against the enemy, and on the 18th of June, won a great victory over the Aequi and Volsci at Mount Algidus. This was the site of a previous victory over the Aequi by the dictator Lucius Quinctius Cincinnatus in 458 BC. That of 431 was the last major battle between Rome and the Aequi, and on his return, Postumius received a triumph. ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Postumus Aebutius Helva Cornicen
Postumus Aebutius Helva Cornicen ( 442–435 BC) was consul at Rome in 442 BC, and magister equitum in 435. Consulship Aebutius was elected consul for the year 442, with Marcus Fabius Vibulanus. Their year of office was peaceful, and commissioners were appointed to establish a colony at Ardea. Many Romans wanted the colony to receive the majority of the land distributed, but it was decided to allot it first to the Rutuli, who were native to Ardea, and give the Roman colonists the remaining land. One of the commissioners was Marcus Aebutius Helva, probably a relative of the consul. Magister Equitum In 435, a force of Fidenates, with re-inforcements from Veii, took advantage of a pestilence at Rome. They entered Roman territory, and crossing the Anio, advanced almost as far as the Colline Gate, when Quintus Servilius Priscus was appointed dictator. Postumus Aebutius was named ''magister equitum'', and the two gathered a volunteer force just outside the gate. This induced the ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Quintus Servilius Priscus Fidenas
Quintus Servilius Priscus Fidenas (prior to 463 BC390 BC) was a political figure and military leader in the Roman Republic who served as dictator in 435 BC and in 418 BC. Family Servilius belonged to the large and influential Servilia gens and through his filiation he was the son of Publius Servilius Priscus, consul in 463 BC and possibly grandson of Spurius Servilius Structus, consul in 476 BC. He is most likely the father of Quintus Servilius Fidenas who was elected six times as consular tribune. Career Augur/Pontifex Servilius was appointed to replace Spurius Postumius Albus Regillensis in his religious functions, when the later died in 439 BC. As the only two sources mentioning this event are in disagreement if the office was that of an Augur or that of a Pontifex maximus it remains unclear which religious office Servilius held. First Dictatorship Although he had never held the consulship Servilius was appointed as dictator in 435 BC. The year had seen the escalation ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Lucius Quinctius Cincinnatus (consular Tribune)
Lucius Quinctius Cincinnatus was a consular tribune of the Roman republic in 438, 425, 420 BC and possibly consul in 428 BC. Quinctius belonged to the powerful Quinctia gens and was the son of one of the early republics most famous figures, the twice appointed dictator Lucius Quinctius Cincinnatus. He was probably the elder brother of Titus Quinctius Poenus Cincinnatus, consul in 431 BC. Filiations indicate that he is the father of Quintus Quinctius Cincinnatus, consular tribune in 415 BC, and possibly a Lucius Quinctius Cincinnatus who was father to Lucius Quinctius Cincinnatus, consular tribune in 386, 385 and 377 BC. Career Quinctius was elected consular tribune in 438 BC together with Mamercus Aemilius Mamercinus and Lucius Julius Iullus. They continued hostilities against the Fidenates and their leader Lars Tolumnius, which would result in the death of four Roman legates sent as ambassadors. The four legates, Gaius Fulcinius, Cloelius Tullus, Spurius Antius and Lucius R ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Mamercus Aemilius Mamercinus
Mamercus Aemilius Mamercinus was a political figure in the Roman Republic, serving as consular tribune in 438 BC and dictator three times in 437, 434, and 426 BC. Prior to gaining the imperium Aemilius was, in 446 BC, elected Quaestor together with Lucius Valerius Potitus. They were, according to Tacitus, the first elected quaestors of the Republic. His first and third dictatorships involved wars against the Veintines and Fidenates. He was victorious both times, capturing Fidenae in 426 BC. His second dictatorship in 434 BC was occasioned by fear of an impending war with Etruria, but that war never materialized. Aemilius Mamercinus instead used his office to propose cutting the term of the censors from five years to eighteen months. This change was vigorously opposed by the senate but loved by the people, so he submitted the ''lex Aemilia de censura minuenda'' to the Tribal Assembly, which approved it. In retaliation, the censors used the power of their office to strike him from ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Gaius Servilius Ahala
Gaius Servilius Ahala ( 439 BC) was a 5th-century BC politician of ancient Rome, considered by many later writers to have been a hero. His fame rested on the contention that he saved Rome from Spurius Maelius in 439 BC by killing him with a dagger concealed under an armpit. This may be less historical fact and more etiological myth, invented to explain the Servilian cognomen " Ahala"/"Axilla", which means "armpit" and is probably of Etruscan origin. As related by Livy and others, Ahala served as magister equitum in 439 BC, when Cincinnatus was appointed dictator on the supposition that Spurius Maelius was styling himself a king and plotting against the state. During the night on which the dictator was appointed, the capitol and all the strong posts were garrisoned by the partisans of the patricians. In the morning, when the people assembled in the forum, with Spurius Maelius among them, Ahala summoned the latter to appear before the dictator. When Maelius disobeyed and took ref ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
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