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List Of Laboratory Biosecurity Incidents
This list of laboratory biosecurity incidents includes accidental laboratory-acquired infections and laboratory releases of lethal pathogens, containment failures in or during transport of lethal pathogens, and incidents of exposure of lethal pathogens to laboratory personnel, improper disposal of contaminated waste, and/or the escape of laboratory animals. The list is grouped by the year in which the accident or incident occurred and does not include every reported laboratory-acquired infection. See also * Biological hazard * Biosafety level * Laboratory safety * List of anthrax outbreaks * Select agent Under United States law, Biological select agents or toxins (BSATs) — or simply select agents for short — are bio-agents which (since 1997) have been declared by the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services (HHS) or by the U.S. Department ... * Cambridge Working Group External Links A Review of Laboratory-Acquired Infections in the Asia-Pacific: Understanding Ri ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Laboratory-acquired Infection
A laboratory-acquired infection or LAI is an infection that is acquired in a laboratory, usually as part of a medical research facility or hospital. Causes There are various microbes, viruses, fungi, and parasites that can infect a host via several routes of transmission. Prevention Laboratory facilities handling microbes, viruses and/or parasites adhere to various Biosafety level, biosecurity measures in order to prevent List of accidents and incidents involving laboratory biosecurity, biosecurity accidents and incidents. OECD Best Practice Guidelines for Biological Resource Centres In 2001, experts from OECD countries created a consensus report called, calling upon "national governments to undertake actions to bring the BRC concept into being in concert with the international scientific community". The report details "Biological Resource Centres" (BRCs) as "repositories and providers of high-quality biological materials and information". History The first laboratory-acqui ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
The New York Times
''The New York Times'' (''the Times'', ''NYT'', or the Gray Lady) is a daily newspaper based in New York City with a worldwide readership reported in 2020 to comprise a declining 840,000 paid print subscribers, and a growing 6 million paid digital subscribers. It also is a producer of popular podcasts such as '' The Daily''. Founded in 1851 by Henry Jarvis Raymond and George Jones, it was initially published by Raymond, Jones & Company. The ''Times'' has won 132 Pulitzer Prizes, the most of any newspaper, and has long been regarded as a national " newspaper of record". For print it is ranked 18th in the world by circulation and 3rd in the U.S. The paper is owned by the New York Times Company, which is publicly traded. It has been governed by the Sulzberger family since 1896, through a dual-class share structure after its shares became publicly traded. A. G. Sulzberger, the paper's publisher and the company's chairman, is the fifth generation of the family to head the pa ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Human Challenge Study
A human challenge study, also called a challenge trial or controlled human infection model (CHIM), is a type of clinical trial for a vaccine or other pharmaceutical involving the intentional exposure of the test subject to the condition tested. Human challenge studies may be ethically controversial because they involve exposing test subjects to dangers beyond those posed by potential side effects of the substance being tested. During the mid 20th and 21st century, the number of human challenge studies has been increasing. A challenge study to test promising vaccines for prevention of COVID-19 was under consideration during 2020 by several vaccine developers, including the World Health Organization (WHO), and was approved in the UK in 2021. Over the second half of the 20th and the 21st centuries, vaccines for some 15 major pathogens have been fast-tracked in human challenge studies – involving about 30,000 participants – while contributing toward vaccine development to prevent ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Chi-Ming Chu
Zhu Jiming (; 12 September 1917 – 6 January 1998), better known in English as Chi-Ming Chu, was a Chinese virologist. He was a member of the Chinese Academy of Science and an Honorary Member of the American Society for Microbiology. Early life and education Chu was born 12 September 1917 in Yixing, Jiangsu, China. He attended Shanghai Medical College and graduated in 1939. He gained his PhD in 1948 from Cambridge University. Career Chu's career spanned from classical virology to the era of molecular virology. His research on influenza viruses included work on virus structure, surveillance and subunit vaccine development. He also worked on penicillin, attenuated viral vaccines, recombinant hepatitis B virus (HBV) vaccines and vaccinia viral vectors. Chu was the first head of the World Influenza Centre (WIC) at the National Institute for Medical Research at Mill Hill (London) from 1948 to 1950. The WIC was established by the World Health Organisation The World Health Org ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Peter Palese
Peter Palese is a United States microbiologist and professor and chair of the Department of Microbiology at the Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai in New York City, and an expert in the field of RNA viruses. Palese built "the first genetic maps for influenza A, B and C viruses, identified the function of several viral genes, ...defined the mechanism of neuraminidase inhibitors (which are now FDA-approved antivirals)" and "pioneered the field of reverse genetics for negative-strand RNA viruses". Furtherance of this technique has been used by Palese and his colleagues in reconstructing and studying the pathogenicity of the extinct but deadly 1918 pandemic influenza virus. Reverse genetics also assist in the development of new flu vaccines. Palese is the author of multiple book chapters and more than 400 scientific publications. He is on the editorial board for Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America (PNAS). He has been awarded mul ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
1977 Russian Flu
The 1977 Russian flu was an influenza pandemic that was first reported by the Soviet Union in 1977 and lasted until 1979. The outbreak in northern China started in May 1977, slightly earlier than that in the Soviet Union. The pandemic mostly affected population younger than 25 or 26 years of age, and resulted in approximately 700,000 deaths worldwide. It was caused by an H1N1 flu strain which highly resembled a virus strain circulating worldwide from 1946 to 1957. Genetic analysis and several unusual characteristics of the 1977 Russian flu have prompted many researchers to say that the virus was released to the public through a laboratory accident, or resulted from a live-vaccine trial escape. History of outbreak In May 1977, an outbreak of flu took place in northern China including Liaoning, Jilin and Tianjin. The strain was isolated and determined by Chinese researchers to be H1N1, which mostly affected students in middle and primary schools who lacked immunity to H1N1 virus ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
List Of Ebola Outbreaks
This list of Ebola outbreaks records the known occurrences of Ebola virus disease, a highly infectious and acutely lethal viral disease that has afflicted humans and animals primarily in equatorial Africa. The pathogens responsible for the disease are the five ebolaviruses recognized by the International Committee on Taxonomy of Viruses: Ebola virus (EBOV), Sudan virus (SUDV), Reston virus (RESTV), Taï Forest virus (TAFV), and Bundibugyo virus (BDBV). Four of the five variants have caused the disease in humans as well as other animals; RESTV has caused clinical symptoms only in non-human primates. RESTV has caused subclinical infections in humans, producing an antibody response but no visual symptoms or disease state manifestations. Transmission of the ''ebolaviruses'' between natural reservoirs and humans is rare, and outbreaks of Ebola virus disease are often traceable to a single case where an individual has handled the carcass of a gorilla, chimpanzee, bats, or duiker. ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Orungo Virus
Orungo virus (ORUV) is an arbovirus of the genus ''Orbivirus'', the subfamily ''Sedoreovirinae'' and the family ''Reoviridae''. There are four known subtypes of Orungo virus designated Orungo-1 (ORUV-1), Orungo-2 (ORUV-2), Orungo-3 (ORUV-3), and Orungo-4 (ORUV-4). It was first isolated by the Uganda Virus Research Institute in Entebbe, Uganda by Oyewale Tomori Oyewale Tomori (born 3 February 1946, Osun State, Nigeria) is a Nigerian professor of virology, educational administrator, and former vice chancellor of Redeemer's University. Life and career Tomori was born in Ilesa, Osun State, Nigeria on 3 F ... and colleagues. Antibodies to the virus have been found in humans, monkeys, sheep, and cattle. References Orbiviruses {{Virus-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Dengue Virus
''Dengue virus'' (DENV) is the cause of dengue fever. It is a mosquito-borne, single positive-stranded RNA virus of the family ''Flaviviridae''; genus ''Flavivirus''. Four serotypes of the virus have been found, a reported fifth has yet to be confirmed,Dwivedi, V. D., Tripathi, I. P., Tripathi, R. C., Bharadwaj, S., & Mishra, S. K. (2017). Genomics, proteomics and evolution of ''Dengue virus''. Briefings in functional genomics.16(4): 217–227, https://doi.org/10.1093/bfgp/elw040 all of which can cause the full spectrum of disease. Nevertheless, scientists' understanding of dengue virus may be simplistic as, rather than distinct antigenic groups, a ''continuum'' appears to exist. This same study identified 47 strains of ''dengue virus''. Additionally, coinfection with and lack of rapid tests for ''zika virus'' and ''chikungunya'' complicate matters in real-world infections. ''Dengue virus'' has increased dramatically within the last 20 years, becoming one of the worst mosquito- ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Wesselsbron Virus
''Wesselsbron'' (WSL) ''virus'' is an arthropod-borne virus in the genus ''Flavivirus'' of the family ''Flaviviridae'' that causes Wesselsbron disease in cattle, sheep, goats, camels, pigs, donkeys, horses, ostriches, and wild ruminants with occasional incidental spillover to humans. It is transmitted by mosquitoes in the genus ''Aedes'' including ''A. caballus'' and ''A. circumluteolus''. __TOC__ History The first known outbreak was reported in 1955 on a sheep farm in the town of Wesselsbrons in Orange Free State Province, South Africa after an increase of lamb deaths and ewe abortions. Since the flock had been vaccinated 2 weeks before for protection against the Rift Valley virus, the possibility of a "new" disease was not put into consideration; the vaccine was assumed to be the culprit. Although they both share similarities, the WSL virus was isolated as distinct from the Rift Valley virus after the examination of a dead lamb's liver and brain. Geographical Distributio ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
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