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List Of Ironclads Of The Royal Navy
This is a list of ironclads of the Royal Navy of the United Kingdom. An ironclad was a steam-propelled warship in the early part of the second half of the 19th century, protected by iron or steel armour plates. The term ''battleship'' was not used by the Admiralty until the early 1880s, with the construction of the ''Colossus'' class. Prior to this point, a wide range of descriptions were used. While the introduction of the ironclad is clear-cut, the boundary between 'ironclad' and the later 'pre-dreadnought battleship' is less obvious, as the characteristics of the pre-dreadnought evolved. For the sake of this article, the ''Royal Sovereign''-class are treated as the first pre-dreadnoughts on account of their high freeboard and mixed battery of guns. Glossary * BU = broken up * In the sections listing warships in the English/Royal Navy from 1860 onwards, the dates have been quoted using the modern convention of the year starting on 1 January. Sea-going ironclads (1860–188 ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Ironclad
An ironclad is a steam engine, steam-propelled warship protected by Wrought iron, iron or steel iron armor, armor plates, constructed from 1859 to the early 1890s. The ironclad was developed as a result of the vulnerability of wooden warships to explosive or incendiary shell (projectile), shells. The first ironclad battleship, , was launched by the French Navy in November 1859 - narrowly pre-empting the British Royal Navy. They were first used in warfare in 1862 during the American Civil War, when ironclads operated against wooden ships and, in a historic confrontation, against each other at the Battle of Hampton Roads in Virginia. Their performance demonstrated that the ironclad had replaced the unarmored ship of the line as the most powerful warship afloat. City-class ironclad, Ironclad gunboats became very successful in the American Civil War. Ironclads were designed for several uses, including as high seas battleships, long-range cruisers, and Littoral (military), coast ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
HMS Agincourt (1865)
HMS ''Agincourt'' was a armoured frigate built for the Royal Navy during the 1860s. She spent most of her career as the flagship of the Channel Squadron's second-in-command. During the Russo-Turkish War of 1877–78, she was one of the ironclads sent to Constantinople to forestall a Russian occupation of the Ottoman capital. ''Agincourt'' participated in Queen Victoria's Golden Jubilee Fleet Review in 1887. The ship was placed in reserve two years later and served as a training ship from 1893 to 1909. That year she was converted into a coal hulk and renamed as ''C.109''. ''Agincourt'' served at Sheerness until sold for scrap in 1960. Design and description The three ''Minotaur''-class armoured frigatesIronclad is the all-encompassing term for armoured warships of this period. Armoured frigates were basically designed for the same role as traditional wooden frigates, but this later changed as the size and expense of these ships forced them to be used in the line of battle. wer ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
HMS Repulse (1868)
HMS ''Repulse'' was the last wooden battleship constructed for the Royal Navy. She was laid down as a 90-gun second-rate line-of-battle ship with two decks; having been approved for conversion to a broadside ironclad in 1861, work on her was intentionally delayed until the performance of earlier conversions from wooden hull to ironclad could be assessed. She was therefore eleven years from being laid down to completion, no work at all being undertaken on her between 1861 and 1866. In 1864 Sir Edward Reed had been Chief Constructor for some eighteen months, and was in a position to stipulate the nature of the armament and the disposition of armour which ''Repulse'' should carry when construction should be resumed, which it was in 1866. Guns of 9-inch and 10-inch calibre were already afloat in the Royal Navy, and clearly similar weapons could be carried by potential adversaries. It followed that armour of 4.5 inches thickness, which since had been regarded as adequate, coul ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
HMS Zealous (1864)
HMS ''Zealous'' was one of the three ships (the others being and ) forming the second group of wooden steam battleships selected in 1860 for conversion to ironclads. This was done in response to the perceived threat to Britain offered by the large French ironclad building programme. The ship was ordered to the West Coast of Canada after she was completed to represent British interests in the Eastern Pacific Ocean. ''Zealous'' became the flagship for the Pacific Station for six years until she was relieved in 1872. She was refitted upon her arrival and subsequently became the guard ship at Southampton until she was paid off in 1875. The ship was in reserve until she was sold for scrap in 1886. Design and description HMS ''Zealous'' was given a straight stem and a rounded stern, but her hull was otherwise unmodified from her original form; it had been found that lengthening the hull, as was done in the earlier , led to longitudinal weakness. Her conversion to a central battery i ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
HMS Favorite (1864)
HMS ''Favorite'' was one of the three wooden warships of moderate dimension (the others being and ) selected by Sir Edward Reed for conversion to broadside ironclads in response to the increased tempo of French warship building. Background and design ''Favorite'' was named after a French prize-of-war, and hence her name is spelled in the French way. She was laid down as a corvette of 22 guns of the ''Jason'' class, and was selected for conversion after being two years on the builder's slipway. The hull form was already complete, so modifications were restricted to the installation of a rounded stern and a straight stem in place of the traditional overhanging stern and knee bow. She carried her armour in a box battery amidships, and the guns carried therein, four on each side, were the heaviest naval cannon of the day. A degree of axial (fore and aft) fire was enabled through an arrangement in which part of the battery wall could be recessed, and one of the guns could be traver ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
HMS Enterprise (1864)
The seventh HMS ''Enterprise'' of the Royal Navy was an armoured sloop launched in 1864 at Deptford Dockyard. Originally laid down as a wooden screw sloop of the ''Camelion'' class, she was redesigned by Edward Reed and completed as a central battery ironclad. The ship spent the bulk of her career assigned to the Mediterranean Fleet before returning to England in 1871 where she was paid off. ''Enterprise'' was sold for scrap in 1885. Design and description The ship had a length between perpendiculars of , a beam of , and a draught of at deep load. She displaced . Her crew consisted of 130 officers and men.Parkes, p. 88 ''Enterprise''s wooden hull was remodeled shortly after she was laid down; she was given a plough-shaped ram bow and a semi-circular stern. The ship had only two decks: the main deck, very close to the ship's waterline, and the upper deck which carried her armament, about above the waterline. She was the first ship of composite construction in the Royal N ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
HMS Research (1863)
HMS ''Research'' was a small ironclad warship, converted from a wooden-hulled sloop and intended as an experimental platform in which to try out new concepts in armament and in armour. She was launched in 1863, laid up in 1878 and sold for breaking in 1884, having displayed serious limitations as a warship. Background In the period from 1860 to 1865 the Board of Admiralty were seriously concerned at the speed with which France was producing ironclad warships. One of the steps taken to counter this perceived threat was the conversion of partially built British wooden ships into ironclads, including such large ships as the s. Design Conversion The 17-gun sloop ''Trent'' had been ordered in November 1860 as one of the . She was selected for conversion to an ironclad, and her name was changed to ''Research''. Although she had been building for a year, work was not far advanced, and the necessary changes to her length and beam could easily be made. A new design by the Royal Navy ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Central Battery Ship
The central battery ship, also known as a centre battery ship in the United Kingdom and as a casemate ship in European continental navies, was a development of the (high-freeboard) broadside ironclad of the 1860s, given a substantial boost due to the inspiration gained from the Battle of Hampton Roads, the first battle between ironclads fought in 1862 during the American Civil War. One of the participants was the Confederate casemate ironclad , essentially a central battery ship herself, albeit a low-freeboard one. The central battery ships had their main guns concentrated in the middle of the ship in an armoured citadel. The concentration of armament amidships meant the ship could be shorter and handier than a broadside type like previous warships. In this manner the design could maximize the thickness of armour in a limited area while still carrying a significant broadside. These ships meant the end of the armoured frigates with their full-length gun decks. In the UK, the ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
HMS Royal Alfred (1864)
HMS ''Royal Alfred'' was a central-battery ironclad frigate of the Victorian era, serving with the Royal Navy The Royal Navy (RN) is the United Kingdom's naval warfare force. Although warships were used by English and Scottish kings from the early medieval period, the first major maritime engagements were fought in the Hundred Years' War against F .... She was half-sister to and . Background and design In 1861, in response to the French warship building programme initiated by Emperor Napoleon III, the British Board of Admiralty selected seven wooden two-decked second-rate warships currently under construction for conversion to armoured warships. The first four, which were converted with all possible speed, were completed as and the ships, , and . The last three were intentionally delayed until assessment could be made of the first four, and as a result of this assessment ''Royal Alfred'', ''Zealous'' and ''Repulse'' were completed on different lines to the earli ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
HMS Royal Oak (1862)
HMS ''Royal Oak'' was a armoured frigateIronclad is the all-encompassing term for armored warships of this period. Armoured frigates were basically designed for the same role as traditional wooden frigates, but this later changed as the size and expense of these ships forced them to be used in the line of battle. built for the Royal Navy in the 1860s. The lead ship of her class, she is sometimes described as a half-sister to the other three ships because of her different engine and boiler arrangements. Like her sisters, she was converted into an ironclad from a wooden ship of the line that was still under construction. The ship spent most of her career with the Mediterranean Fleet, only briefly serving with the Channel Fleet. ''Royal Oak'' returned home in 1871 for a refit, but was instead placed in reserve to save money. Fourteen years later, still in reserve, she was sold for scrap in 1885. Design and description HMS ''Royal Oak'' was long between perpendiculars and had a ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
HMS Ocean (1862)
HMS ''Ocean'' was the last of the Royal Navy's four s to be completed in the mid-1860s. She was originally laid down as a 91-gun second-rate ship of the line, and was converted during construction to an armoured frigate. The ship spent the bulk of her career on the China Station and served as flagship there for a time. Upon her return to Great Britain in 1872 her hull was found to be partly rotten and she was placed in reserve until she was sold for scrap in 1882. Design and description HMS ''Ocean'' was long between perpendiculars and had a beam of . The ship had a draught of forward and aft. She displaced .Ballard, p. 241 ''Ocean'' had a metacentric height of which meant that she rolled a lot and was an unsteady gun platform. Her hull was sheathed with Muntz metal to reduce biofouling. Her crew consisted of 605 officers and ratings. Propulsion ''Ocean'' had a simple horizontal 2-cylinder horizontal return connecting-rod steam engine driving a single propeller shaft us ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
HMS Caledonia (1862)
HMS ''Caledonia'' was a broadside ironclad of the . Originally laid down as a two-decker steam ship of the line of the Bulwark class battleship (1859), ''Bulwark'' class, ''Caledonia'' was converted on the building stocks into an armoured frigate. Service history HMS ''Caledonia'' was not completed until July 1865 due to a delay in the delivery of her main armament. Once this was installed, she was commissioned as Second-in-Command of the Mediterranean Fleet (United Kingdom), Mediterranean Fleet, becoming the first ever armoured flagship of the Royal Navy. She was temporarily withdrawn from service in 1866 for reconstruction which involved the addition of a poop deck. Following this, she was flagship of the Channel Fleet until 1867, when she was paid off for re-armament. HMS ''Caledonia'' was flagship of the Mediterranean Fleet until 1869 (relieving , the last three-deck Royal Navy flagship) until 1872. In July 1871, she ran aground off Santorini, Kingdom of Greece, Greece. S ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
