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List Of British Jewish Scientists
List of British Jewish scientists is a list that includes scientists from the United Kingdom and its predecessor states who are or were Jewish or of Jewish descent. Physicists * Petrus Alphonsi, Spanish (not British) astronomer and doctor * Edward Neville da Costa Andrade * Sir Michael Berry, mathematical physicistJYB 2005 p214 * Moses BlackmanJYB 1977 p207 * David Bohm, physicist, philosopher * Sir Hermann Bondi, Austrian-born British cosmologist * Max Born, physicist, Nobel Prize 1954 (converted to Lutheranism) * Samuel Devons, physicist * Cyril Domb, physicist, President of Association of Orthodox Jewish Scientists * Paul Eisler, inventor of the printed circuit board * Michael Fisher * Otto Robert FrischJYB 1980 p182 * Herbert FrohlichJYB 1990 p201 * Dennis Gabor, Nobel Prize for Physics 1971 * Sir David Lionel Goldsmid-Stern-Salomons, scientist and inventor * Jeffrey Goldstone * Ian Grant * Sir Peter Hirsch, physicist * Herbert Huppert, 1987 * Brian David Josephson, phys ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
United Kingdom
The United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland, commonly known as the United Kingdom (UK) or Britain, is a country in Europe, off the north-western coast of the continental mainland. It comprises England, Scotland, Wales and Northern Ireland. The United Kingdom includes the island of Great Britain, the north-eastern part of the island of Ireland, and many smaller islands within the British Isles. Northern Ireland shares a land border with the Republic of Ireland; otherwise, the United Kingdom is surrounded by the Atlantic Ocean, the North Sea, the English Channel, the Celtic Sea and the Irish Sea. The total area of the United Kingdom is , with an estimated 2020 population of more than 67 million people. The United Kingdom has evolved from a series of annexations, unions and separations of constituent countries over several hundred years. The Treaty of Union between the Kingdom of England (which included Wales, annexed in 1542) and the Kingdom of Scotland in 170 ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Printed Circuit Board
A printed circuit board (PCB; also printed wiring board or PWB) is a medium used in Electrical engineering, electrical and electronic engineering to connect electronic components to one another in a controlled manner. It takes the form of a Lamination, laminated sandwich structure of conductive and insulating layers: each of the conductive layers is designed with an artwork pattern of traces, planes and other features (similar to wires on a flat surface) Chemical milling, etched from one or more sheet layers of copper Lamination, laminated onto and/or between sheet layers of a Insulator (electricity), non-conductive substrate. Electrical components may be fixed to conductive pads on the outer layers in the shape designed to accept the component's terminals, generally by means of soldering, to both electrically connect and mechanically fasten them to it. Another manufacturing process adds Via (electronics), vias: plated-through holes that allow interconnections between layers. ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Olga Kennard
Olga Kennard, Lady Burgen ( Weisz; born 23 March 1924) is a British scientist specialising in crystallography, and founder of the Cambridge Crystallographic Data Centre. Her research focused on determining the structures of organic molecules, including the first three-dimensional structure of adenosine triphosphate and particularly the different forms of DNA. Together with JD Bernal she believed in the value of collating scientific data in a central archive, this began the Cambridge Structural Database (CSD), collating crystal structures of mainly organic molecules. Kennard was also involved, at CSD, in the founding of the Protein Data Bank, and of the EMBL nucleotide sequence data library (later, European Nucleotide Archive). Early life and education Kennard was born in Budapest, Hungary to Joir and Catherina Weisz, moving to the UK at the age of 15 with her family in the face of growing antisemitism in Hungary. In the UK she was educated at Hove County School for Girls ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Andrew Keller
Andras (Andrew) Keller FRS (22 August 1925 – 7 February 1999) was a naturalized British polymer scientist. He was Research Professor in Polymer Science, Department of Physics, University of Bristol, 1969–91, then professor emeritus. Biography Andras Keller was born in Budapest, the only child of Jewish parents. He entered the University of Budapest in 1943, and gained his BSc in chemistry cum laude in 1947. He began his PhD studies at the same university but his work was interrupted by the rapidly deteriorating political situation in Hungary in 1948. He fled to England, leaving behind a submitted but unexamined PhD thesis. He took a position with Imperial Chemical Industries in Manchester, as technical officer in the Polymers Division, where he was given the task of working out how the physical structure of polymers affects crystallization. In 1955, he moved to the University of Bristol Physics Department as Research Assistant, under Charles Frank, heading a team fi ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
George Kalmus
George Ernest Kalmus, CBE, FRS (born 21 April 1935) is a noted British particle physicist. Kalmus was born in Beočin, Yugoslavia, and moved to Britain with his parents and his elder brother Peter Kalmus in 1939. His sister Elsa Joan Kalmus was born in 1945. The family became British Citizens in 1946. Kalmus was associate director, 1986–94 and Director of Particle Physics, 1994–97 at the Rutherford Appleton Laboratory. He was visiting professor, Physics and Astronomy Department, 1984–2000, University College London and has been a Fellow there since 1998. Kalmus was elected a Fellow of the Royal Society in 1988 and made a CBE in 2000. He is currently an Honorary Scientist, Rutherford Appleton Laboratory Education Kalmus went to school first in Hampstead and then in Harpenden, Hertfordshire. From 1945 till 1953 he was at St Albans County Grammar School (later renamed Verulam School). He received his BSc (1956) and PhD (1959) at University College London where he remai ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Brian David Josephson
Brian David Josephson (born 4 January 1940) is a Welsh theoretical physicist and professor emeritus of physics at the University of Cambridge. Best known for his pioneering work on superconductivity and quantum tunnelling, he was awarded the Nobel Prize in Physics in 1973 for his prediction of the Josephson effect, made in 1962 when he was a 22-year-old PhD student at Cambridge University. Josephson is the only Welshman to have won a Nobel Prize in Physics. He shared the prize with physicists Leo Esaki and Ivar Giaever, who jointly received half the award for their own work on quantum tunnelling."Brian D. Josephson" ''Encyclopædia Britannica''. Josephson has spent his academic career as a member of the Theory of Condensed Matter group at Cambridge's [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Herbert Huppert
Herbert Eric Huppert (born 26 November 1943) is an Australian-born geophysicist living in Britain. He has been Professor of Theoretical Geophysics and Foundation Director, Institute of Theoretical Geophysics, at the University of Cambridge, since 1989 and Fellow of King's College, Cambridge, since 1970. Education and early life Huppert was born in Sydney and he received his early education at Sydney Boys High School (1956–59). He graduated in applied mathematics from Sydney University with first class Honours, a University medal and the Barker Travelling Fellowship in 1964. He then completed a PhD supervised by John W. Miles at the University of California, San Diego, and came as an ICI Post-doctoral Fellow to DAMTP in Cambridge in 1968. Career and research He has published using fluid-mechanical principles in applications to the Earth sciences: in meteorology, oceanography and geology. He was a member of the Editorial Board of the Journal of Fluid Mechanics (1970–19 ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Peter Hirsch
Sir Peter Bernhard Hirsch HonFRMS FRS (born 16 January 1925) is a figure in British materials science who has made fundamental contributions to the application of transmission electron microscopy to metals. Hirsch attended Sloane Grammar School, Chelsea, and St Catharine's College, Cambridge. In 1946 he joined the Crystallography Department of the Cavendish to work for a PhD on work hardening in metals under W.H. Taylor and Lawrence Bragg. He subsequently carried out work, which is still cited, on the structure of coal. In the mid-1950s he pioneered the application of transmission electron microscopy (TEM) to metals and developed in detail the theory needed to interpret such images. He was a Fellow of Christ's College, Cambridge from 1960 to 1966 and was elected an Honorary Fellow of Christ's in 1978. In 1965, with Howie, Whelan, Pashley and Nicholson, he published the text ''Electron microscopy of thin crystals''. The following year he moved to Oxford to take up the Isa ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Ian Grant (physicist)
Ian Philip Grant, DPhil; FRS; CMath; FIMA, FRAS, FInstP (born 15 December 1930) is a British mathematical physicist. He is Emeritus Professor of Mathematical Physics at the University of Oxford and was elected a fellow of the Royal Society in 1992. He is a pioneer in the field of computational physics and is internationally recognised as the principal author of GRASP, the General Relativistic Atomic Structure Program. Education St Albans School, Hertfordshire (1939-1948). Open Scholar in Natural Science , Wadham College Oxford, MA (Mathematics) (1951). Clarendon Laboratory, University of Oxford, D.Phil (1954). Career UKAEA. Mathematical Physics Division, Aldermaston. Senior Scientific officer (1957-1962); Principal Scientific Officer (1962-1964). Joint Research Fellowship, Atlas Computer Laboratory The Atlas Computer Laboratory on the Harwell, Oxfordshire campus shared by the Harwell Laboratory was one of the major computer laboratories in the world, which operated b ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Jeffrey Goldstone
Jeffrey Goldstone (born 3 September 1933) is a British theoretical physicist and an ''emeritus'' physics faculty member at the MIT Center for Theoretical Physics. He worked at the University of Cambridge until 1977. He is famous for the discovery of the Nambu–Goldstone boson. He is currently working on quantum computation. Biography Born in Manchester, he was educated at Manchester Grammar School and Trinity College, Cambridge, (B.A. 1954, Ph.D. 1958). He worked on the theory of nuclear matter under the guidance of Hans Bethe and developed modifications of Feynman diagrams for non-relativistic many-fermion systems, which are currently referred to as Goldstone diagrams. Goldstone was a research fellow of Trinity College, Cambridge, from 1956 to 1960 and held visiting research posts at Copenhagen, CERN and Harvard. During this time, his research focus shifted to particle physics and he investigated the nature of relativistic field theories with spontaneously broken symmetries. ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
David Lionel Goldsmid-Stern-Salomons
Sir David Lionel Goldsmid-Stern-Salomons, 2nd Baronet (28 January 1851 – 19 April 1925) was a British scientific author, barrister and pioneer of road transport. Early life The son of Philip Salomons of Brighton, and Emma, daughter of Jacob Eliezer Montefiore of Barbados, he succeeded to the Baronetcy originally granted to his uncle David Salomons in 1873. He married Laura, daughter of Baron Hermann de Stern (of Portugal) and Julia, daughter of Aaron Asher Goldsmid, brother of Sir Isaac Lyon Goldsmid, by whom he had one son and four daughters. He assumed the additional surnames and arms of Goldsmid and Stern in 1899. He studied at University College, London and at Gonville and Caius College, Cambridge, gaining a BA in 1874. In the same year he was called to the bar at the Middle Temple. Career He went on to produce several scientific works and pamphlets. He was a JP, DL and Sheriff (1880) of Kent, mayor and alderman of Tunbridge Wells, county councilor for the Tonbri ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Dennis Gabor
Dennis Gabor ( ; hu, Gábor Dénes, ; 5 June 1900 – 9 February 1979) was a Hungarian-British electrical engineer and physicist, most notable for inventing holography, for which he later received the 1971 Nobel Prize in Physics. He obtained British citizenship in 1934, and spent most of his life in England. Life and career Gabor was born as Günszberg Dénes, into a Jewish family in Budapest, Hungary. In 1918, his family converted to Lutheranism. Dennis was the first-born son of Günszberg Bernát and Jakobovits Adél. Despite having a religious background, religion played a minor role in his later life and he considered himself agnostic. In 1902, the family received permission to change their surname from Günszberg to Gábor. He served with the Hungarian artillery in northern Italy during World War I. He began his studies in engineering at the Technical University of Budapest in 1918, later in Germany, at the Charlottenburg Technical University in Berlin, now known as t ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
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