|
List Of Almond Diseases
This article is a list of diseases of almonds (''Prunus dulcis''). Bacterial diseases Mycoplasmal diseases Phytoplasmal diseases Fungal diseases For treatment in the US, see Fungicide use in the United States#Almonds. Nematode diseases Nematode diseases of almond include: Viral diseases Viruses infecting almond include: Miscellaneous diseases and disorders Unknown or non-infectious disorders include: References {{ReflistCommon Names of Diseases, The American Phytopathological Society University of California Cooperative Extension Website containing descriptions of almond diseases and pests. Almond
The almond (''Prunus amygdalus'', syn. ''Prunus dulcis'') is a sp ...
[...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Almond
The almond (''Prunus amygdalus'', syn. ''Prunus dulcis'') is a species of tree native to Iran and surrounding countries, including the Levant. The almond is also the name of the edible and widely cultivated seed of this tree. Within the genus '' Prunus'', it is classified with the peach in the subgenus ''Amygdalus'', distinguished from the other subgenera by corrugations on the shell ( endocarp) surrounding the seed. The fruit of the almond is a drupe, consisting of an outer hull and a hard shell with the seed, which is not a true nut. ''Shelling'' almonds refers to removing the shell to reveal the seed. Almonds are sold shelled or unshelled. Blanched almonds are shelled almonds that have been treated with hot water to soften the seedcoat, which is then removed to reveal the white embryo. Once almonds are cleaned and processed, they can be stored over time. Almonds are used in many food cuisines, often featuring prominently in desserts, such as marzipan. The almond t ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Alternaria Alternata
''Alternaria alternata'' is a fungus which has been recorded causing leaf spot and other diseases on over 380 host species of plant. It is an opportunistic pathogen on numerous hosts causing leaf spots, rots and blights on many plant parts. It can also cause upper respiratory tract infections and asthma in humans with compromised immunity. Hosts and symptoms ''Alternaria alternata'' has many different hosts depending on its forma specialis. In this review, only ''Alternaria alternata'' f. sp. ''lycopersici'' (AAL) is going to be assessed. This pathogen infects only certain cultivars of tomato plants and is often referred to as Alternaria stem canker of tomato. AAL's main symptom is cankers in the stem. It resides in seeds and seedlings, and is often spread by spores as they become airborne and land on plants. It can also spread throughout other plants. Under severe infection, lesions enlarge and become coalesced causing blighting of the leaves. This symptom progression occu ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Rhizopus Arrhizus
''Rhizopus arrhizus'' is a fungus of the family Mucoraceae, characterized by sporangiophores that arise from nodes at the point where the rhizoids are formed and by a hemispherical columella. It is the most common cause of mucormycosis in humans and occasionally infects other animals. ''Rhizopus arrhizus'' spores contain ribosomes as a spore ultrastructure. Metabolism in the fungus changes from aerobic to fermentation at various points in its life cycle. Nutrition ''R. arrhizus'' produces siderophores which are also usable to adjacent plants. Holzberg & Artis 1983 finds a hydroxamate siderophore and Shenker et al 1992 provides a method for detection of a carboxylate. Plant diseases See: * List of almond diseases * List of apricot diseases * List of beet diseases * List of carrot diseases * List of mango diseases * List of maize diseases * List of peach and nectarine diseases * List of sunflower diseases ''R. arrhizus'' does not infect grape A grape is a fruit, botanica ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Sclerotinia Sclerotiorum
''Sclerotinia sclerotiorum'' is a plant pathogenic fungus and can cause a disease called white mold if conditions are conducive. ''S. sclerotiorum'' can also be known as cottony rot, watery soft rot, stem rot, drop, crown rot and blossom blight. A key characteristic of this pathogen is its ability to produce black resting structures known as sclerotia and white fuzzy growths of mycelium on the plant it infects. These sclerotia give rise to a fruiting body in the spring that produces spores in a sac which is why fungi in this class are called sac fungi (Ascomycota). This pathogen can occur on many continents and has a wide host range of plants. When ''S. sclerotiorum'' is onset in the field by favorable environmental conditions, losses can be great and control measures should be considered. Hosts and symptoms ''S. sclerotiorum'' is among the most omnivorous of plant pathogens and so would not make a good mycoherbicide. Economically significant hosts include '' Vicia faba'', fo ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Botrytis Cinerea
''Botrytis cinerea'' is a necrotrophic fungus that affects many plant species, although its most notable hosts may be wine grapes. In viticulture, it is commonly known as "botrytis bunch rot"; in horticulture, it is usually called "grey mould" or "gray mold". The fungus gives rise to two different kinds of infections on grapes. The first, grey rot, is the result of consistently wet or humid conditions, and typically results in the loss of the affected bunches. The second, noble rot, occurs when drier conditions follow wetter, and can result in distinctive sweet dessert wines, such as Sauternes or the Aszú of Tokaji/Grasă de Cotnari. The species name ''Botrytis cinerea'' is derived from the Latin for "grapes like ashes"; although poetic, the "grapes" refers to the bunching of the fungal spores on their conidiophores, and "ashes" just refers to the greyish colour of the spores ''en masse''. The fungus is usually referred to by its anamorph (asexual form) name, because the sexual ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Ceratocystis Fimbriata
''Ceratocystis fimbriata'' is a fungus and a plant pathogen, attacking such diverse plants as the sweet potato (''black rot'') and the tapping panels of the Para rubber tree (''moldy rot''). It is a diverse species that attacks a wide variety of annual and perennial plants. There are several host-specialized strains, some of which, such as '' Ceratocystis platani'' that attacks plane trees, are now described as distinct species. Taxonomy ''Ceratocystis fimbriata'', the type species of the genus '' Ceratocystis'', was originally described on the sweet potato (''Ipomoea batatus'') in 1890. It has since been found on a wide variety of annual and perennial plants. It is a large, diverse complex of species that cause wilt-type diseases of many economically important plants. There are thought to be three broad geographic clades, the North American, the Latin American and the Asian clades. It is thought likely that ''Ceratocystis fimbriata'' contains many undescribed, hidden species ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Monilinia
''Monilinia'' is a genus of fungi in the family Sclerotiniaceae. Monilinia fungi are pathogens to Rosaceae and Ericaceae and often cause major losses to crops. The genus is sometimes divided into two sections based on whether they possess disjunctors - these are small structures in mature fungi that help with spore dispersal. There are about thirty known species in this genus. Most studies of the fungi focus on their pathogenic effects toward apples, pears and other fruits. The diseases they cause include brown rot and dry berry disease. In Japan, some species have pharmacological Pharmacology is a branch of medicine, biology and pharmaceutical sciences concerned with drug or medication action, where a drug may be defined as any artificial, natural, or endogenous (from within the body) molecule which exerts a biochemica ... uses. References External linksIndex Fungorum Sclerotiniaceae Leotiomycetes genera {{Leotiomycetes-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Monilinia Laxa
''Monilinia laxa'' is a plant pathogen that is the causal agent of brown rot of stone fruit In botany, a drupe (or stone fruit) is an indehiscent fruit in which an outer fleshy part ( exocarp, or skin, and mesocarp, or flesh) surrounds a single shell (the ''pit'', ''stone'', or ''pyrena'') of hardened endocarp with a seed (''kernel' ...s. Disease cycle ''Monilinia laxa'' is an ascomycete fungus that is responsible for the brown rot blossom blight disease that infects many different types of stone fruit trees, such as apricots, cherries and peaches. It can also occasionally affect some pome fruits; for example, apples and pears. The pathogen overwinters on infected plant parts, particularly on infected twigs, branches, old flower parts or mummified fruits. In spring, the pathogen produces asexual conidia on the aforementioned infected plant debris. In addition, apothecia, which are small, open cup, mushroom-like sexual propagative structures of ''M. laxa'' that produce as ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Monilinia Fructicola
''Monilinia fructicola'' is a species of fungus in the order Helotiales. A plant pathogen, it is the causal agent of brown rot of stone fruits. Stone fruit (summer fruit) Stone fruits such as apricot and peaches originated in China and spread through old trade routes 3–4000 years ago. Nectarines are more recent (at least 2000 years). Cherries and European plums originated in Europe, although the Japanese plum originated in China.Whiting. J. R. (n.d.). Science behind your garden. Retrieved October 27, 2007, from http://www.gardenscience.co.nz Trees exposed to cold in autumn and early spring can develop cankers under the bark of the trunk or branches. Cankers are usually associated with the production of amber-coloured gum that contains bacteria and oozes on to the outer bark. Unfortunately, there are few control methods for fungal spores apart from copper sprays. Symptoms Brown rot causes blossom blight, twig blight; twig canker and fruit rot.Ministry of Agriculture. (2 ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Fusarium
''Fusarium'' is a large genus of filamentous fungi, part of a group often referred to as hyphomycetes, widely distributed in soil and associated with plants. Most species are harmless saprobes, and are relatively abundant members of the soil microbial community. Some species produce mycotoxins in cereal crops that can affect human and animal health if they enter the food chain. The main toxins produced by these ''Fusarium'' species are fumonisins and trichothecenes. Despite most species apparently being harmless (some existing on the skin as commensal members of the skin flora), some ''Fusarium'' species and subspecific groups are among the most important fungal pathogens of plants and animals. The name of ''Fusarium'' comes from Latin ''fusus'', meaning a spindle. Taxonomy The taxonomy of the genus is complex. A number of different schemes have been used, and up to 1,000 species have been identified at times, with approaches varying between wide and narrow concepts of ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Dothiorella
''Dothiorella'' is a genus of fungi in the family Botryosphaeriaceae The Botryosphaeriaceae are a family of sac fungi (Ascomycetes), which is the type representative of the order Botryosphaeriales. According to a 2008 estimate, the family contains 26 genera and over 1500 species. Members of this order include no .... There are 3 subgenera and approximately 322 species. Species *'' Dothiorella aberrans'' *'' Dothiorella acaciae'' *'' Dothiorella aceris'' *'' Dothiorella acervulata'' *'' Dothiorella adanensis'' *'' Dothiorella advena'' *'' Dothiorella aesculi'' *'' Dothiorella agavicola'' *'' Dothiorella ailanthina'' *'' Dothiorella alchorneae'' *'' Dothiorella alfaedensis'' *'' Dothiorella alhagi'' *'' Dothiorella allescheri'' *'' Dothiorella amsoniae'' *'' Dothiorella amygdali'' *'' Dothiorella annonae'' *'' Dothiorella apocyni'' *'' Dothiorella aquilegiae'' *'' Dothiorella arachidis'' *'' Dothiorella araucariae'' *'' Dothiorella argyreiae'' *'' Dothiorella armeniaca'' *'' D ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Botryosphaeria Dothidea
''Botryosphaeria dothidea'' is a plant pathogen that causes the formation of cankers on a wide variety of tree and shrub species. It has been reported on several hundred plant hosts and on all continents except Antarctica.Crous, P.W., B. Slippers, M.J. Wingfield, J. Rheeder, W.F.O. Marasas, A.J.L. Philips, A. Alves, T. Burgess, P. Barber, and J.Z. Groenwald. 2006. Phylogenetic lineages in the Botryosphaeriaceae. Studies in Mycology 55:235-253.Farr, D.F., and A.Y. Rossman. Fungal Databases, Systematic Mycology and Microbiology Laboratory, ARS, USDA. Accessed 21 November 21, 2013. ''B. dothidea'' was redefined in 2004, and some reports of its host range from prior to that time likely include species that have since been placed in another genus.Phillips, A.J.L., A. Alves, J. Abdollahzadeh, B. Slippers, M.J. Wingfield, J.Z. Groenewald, and P.W. Crous. 2013. The Botryosphaeriaceae: Genera and species known from culture. Studies in Mycology 76:51-167. Even so, ''B. dothidea'' has sin ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
.jpg "Click for more on -> Botrytis Cinerea")
