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List Of 20th-century Religious Leaders
This is a list of the top-level leaders for religious groups with at least 50,000 adherents, and that led anytime from January 1, 1901, to December 31, 2000. It should likewise only name leaders listed on other articles and lists. Buddhism *Sōka Gakkai – ** Tsunesaburo Makiguchi, President (1930–1944) **Josei Toda, President (1951–1958) **Daisaku Ikeda, President (1960–1979) ** Hiroshi Hōjō, President (1979–1981) **Einosuke Akiya, President (1981–2006) *Thai Buddhism – **Vajirananavarorasa, Somdet and Supreme Patriarch (1910–1921) **Kromma Luang Jinavorn Sirivaddhana, Somdet and Supreme Patriarch (1921–1937) **Phae Tissadeva, Somdet Phra and Supreme Patriarch (1938–1944) **Momrajavong Chuen Noppavong, Somdet and Supreme Patriarch (1945–1958) **Plod Kittisobhana, Somdet Phra and Supreme Patriarch (1960–1962) **Yoo Nanodayo, Somdet Phra and Supreme Patriarch (1963–1966) ** Chuan Utthayi, Somdet Phra and Supreme Patriarch (1965–1971) ** ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Lists Of Religious Leaders By Century
Lists of leaders of major religions in any given century include: *List of 21st-century religious leaders *List of 20th-century religious leaders *List of 19th-century religious leaders *List of 18th-century religious leaders *List of 17th-century religious leaders *List of 16th-century religious leaders *List of 15th-century religious leaders *List of 14th-century religious leaders *List of 13th-century religious leaders *List of 12th-century religious leaders *List of 11th-century religious leaders *List of 10th-century religious leaders *List of 9th-century religious leaders *List of 8th-century religious leaders *List of 7th-century religious leaders *List of 6th-century religious leaders *List of 5th-century religious leaders See also *Lists of popes, patriarchs, primates, archbishops, and bishops *List of rabbis *List of founders of religious traditions * List of Dalai Lama *Supreme Patriarch of Thailand __NOTOC__ The Supreme Patriarch of Thailand or Sangharaja ( th, ส ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Supreme Patriarch Of Thailand
__NOTOC__ The Supreme Patriarch of Thailand or Sangharaja ( th, สังฆราช; ) is the head of the order of Buddhist monks in Thailand. His full title is ''Somdet Phra Saṅgharāja Sakalamahāsaṅghapariṇāyaka'' ( th, สมเด็จพระสังฆราช สกลมหาสังฆปริณายก; ; 'the Supreme Patriarch, the Head of all Members of the Sangha'). Ancient history As early as the Sukhothai period (thirteenth to sixteenth centuries CE), there were city-dwelling and forest-dwelling orders, and there was more than one Supreme Patriarch appointed. In modern times, however, only one position is responsible for all fraternities and orders. From 1992 to 2016, the Supreme Patriarch was chosen from the most senior member of the Supreme Sangha Council and officially endorsed by the King. the Supreme Patriarch was formally appointed by the King of Thailand and co-signed by the Prime Minister, with consultation of the Sangha Supreme Counci ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
11th Panchen Lama Controversy
The 11th Panchen Lama controversy is a dispute about the recognition of the 11th Panchen Lama, Kunsik Panchen Lama. The Panchen Lama is considered the second most important spiritual leader in Tibetan BuddhismRichard Ehrlich, ''Mystery surrounds kidnapped Panchen Lama'', (8 May 2020), https://asiatimes.com/2019/05/missing-panchen-lama-may-now-be-30/ ''As Tibetans mark 30th birthday of Panchen Lama in absentia, China is urged to release the 2nd highest Tibetan spiritual leader held captive for 24 years'', (25 April 2019), https://tibet.net/as-tibetans-mark-30th-birthday-of-panchen-lama-in-absentia-china-is-urged-to-release-the-2nd-highest-tibetan-spiritual-leader-held-captive-for-24-years/ after the Dalai Lama. Following the death of the 10th Panchen Lama, the 14th Dalai Lama recognized Gedhun Choekyi Nyima in 1995. Three days later, the Peoples Republic of China (PRC) abducted the Panchen Lama and his family. Months later, the PRC chose Gyaincain Norbu as its proxy Panchen Lama. D ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Gedhun Choekyi Nyima
Gedhun Choekyi Nyima (born 25 April 1989) is the Dalai Lama appointed 11th Panchen Lama belonging to the Gelugpa school of Tibetan Buddhism. The Central Government of China rejected such appointment. The 14th Dalai Lama recognized and announced on 14 May 1995 by bypassing the Golden Urn selection process and approval process from the Central Government of China. The institutionalization of Golden Urn was to prevent such appointment by rejecting private designation based on one person's decision. Three days later on 17 May, the 6-year-old Panchen Lama was kidnapped and forcibly disappeared by the Chinese government, after the State Council of the People's Republic of China failed in its efforts to install a substitute. A Chinese substitute is seen as a political tool to undermine the reincarnation of the Dalai Lama, which traditionally is recognized by the Panchen Lama. Gedhun Choekyi Nyima remains forcibly detained by the Chinese government, along with his family, in an undisc ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Choekyi Gyaltsen
Lobsang Trinley Lhündrub Chökyi Gyaltsen (born Gönbo Cêdän; 19 February 1938 – 28 January 1989) was the tenth Panchen Lama, officially the 10th Panchen Erdeni (), of the Gelug school of Tibetan Buddhism. According to Tibetan Buddhism, Panchen Lamas are living emanations of the buddha Amitabha. He was often referred to simply as Choekyi Gyaltsen. Recognition The Paṇchen Lama incarnation line began in the seventeenth century after the 5th Dalai Lama gave Chokyi Gyeltsen the title, and declared him to be an emanation of Buddha Amitaba. Officially, he became the first Panchen Lama in the lineage, while he had also been the sixteenth abbot of Tashilhunpo Monastery. The 10th Panchen Lama was born as Gonpo Tseten on 19 February 1938, in Bido, today's Xunhua Salar Autonomous County of Qinghai, known as Amdo. His father was also called Gonpo Tseten and his mother was Sonam Drolma. After the Ninth Panchen Lama died in 1937, two simultaneous searches for the tenth Panch ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Thubten Chökyi Nyima
Thubten Choekyi Nyima () (1883–1937), often referred to as ''Choekyi Nyima'', was the ninth Panchen Lama of Tibet. Thubten Choekyi Nyima is the 9th in his lineage, as recognized by Tashi Lhunpo Monastery, the traditional seat of Panchen Lamas. In 1901, Choekyi Nyima was visited by the Mongolian Lama, Agvan Dorzhiev. Although he only stayed for two days at Tashilhunpo, Dorzhiev received some secret teachings from the Panchen Lama, as well as readings of the ''Prayer of Shambhala'', written by Lobsang Palden Yeshe, the sixth (or third) Panchen Lama, concerning the Buddhist kingdom of Shambhala, which were of great importance to Dorzhiev's developing understanding of the Kalachakra ('Wheel of Time') vajrayana, tantric teachings. Choekyi Nyima also gave Dorzhiev gifts including some golden statues. In 1906, Sir Charles Alfred Bell, was invited to visit the 9th Panchen Lama at Tashilhunpo, where they had friendly discussions on the political situation. He fled to Inner Mo ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Panchen Lama
The Panchen Lama () is a tulku of the Gelug school of Tibetan Buddhism. Panchen Lama is one of the most important figures in the Gelug tradition, with its spiritual authority second only to Dalai Lama. Along with the council of high lamas, he is in charge of seeking out the next Dalai Lama. ''Panchen'' is a portmanteau of '' Pandita'' and ''Chenpo'', meaning "great scholar". The recognition of Panchen Lamas began with Lobsang Chökyi Gyaltsen, tutor of the 5th Dalai Lama, who received the title "Panchen Bogd" from Altan Khan and the Dalai Lama in 1645. ''Bogd'' is Mongolian, meaning "holy". Khedrup Gelek Pelzang, Sönam Choklang and Ensapa Lobsang Döndrup were subsequently recognized as the first to third Panchen Lamas posthumously. In 1713, the Kangxi Emperor of the Qing dynasty granted the title Panchen Erdeni to the 5th Panchen Lama. In 1792, the Qianlong Emperor issued a decree known as the 29-Article Ordinance for the More Effective Governing of Tibet, and Article ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
14th Dalai Lama
The 14th Dalai Lama (spiritual name Jetsun Jamphel Ngawang Lobsang Yeshe Tenzin Gyatso, known as Tenzin Gyatso (Tibetan: བསྟན་འཛིན་རྒྱ་མཚོ་, Wylie: ''bsTan-'dzin rgya-mtsho''); né Lhamo Thondup), known as Gyalwa Rinpoche to the Tibetan people, is the current Dalai Lama. He is the highest spiritual leader and former head of the country of Tibet. He was born on 6 July 1935, or in the Tibetan calendar, in the Wood-Pig Year, 5th month, 5th day. He is considered a living Bodhisattva, specifically, an emanation of Avalokiteśvara in Sanskrit and Chenrezig in Tibetan. He is also the leader and a monk of the Gelug school, the newest school of Tibetan Buddhism, formally headed by the Ganden Tripa. The central government of Tibet, the Ganden Phodrang, invested the Dalai Lama with temporal duties until his exile in 1959. The 14th Dalai Lama was born to a farming family in Taktser (Hongya Village), in the traditional Tibetan region of Amdo (administra ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Dalai Lama
Dalai Lama (, ; ) is a title given by the Tibetan people to the foremost spiritual leader of the Gelug or "Yellow Hat" school of Tibetan Buddhism, the newest and most dominant of the four major schools of Tibetan Buddhism. The 14th and current Dalai Lama is Tenzin Gyatso, who lives as a refugee in India. The Dalai Lama is also considered to be the successor in a line of tulkus who are believed to be incarnations of Avalokiteśvara, the Bodhisattva of Compassion. Since the time of the 5th Dalai Lama in the 17th century, his personage has always been a symbol of unification of the state of Tibet, where he has represented Buddhist values and traditions. The Dalai Lama was an important figure of the Geluk tradition, which was politically and numerically dominant in Central Tibet, but his religious authority went beyond sectarian boundaries. While he had no formal or institutional role in any of the religious traditions, which were headed by their own high lamas, he was a unifying sym ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Ariyavangsagatayana, 18th Supreme Patriarch Of Thailand
Somdet Phra Sangharaja Chao Krommaluang Jinavaralongkorn (Vasana Vāsano) ( th, สมเด็จพระสังฆราชเจ้า กรมหลวงชินวราลงกรณ (วาสน์ วาสโน)), or Ariyavangsagatayana VIII (Vasana Vāsano) was the 18th Supreme Patriarch of Thailand 1973–1988 (Thai Calendar 2517–2531). He was born 1897 (2440) within the Ayutthaya province as Vasana Nilprapha ( th, วาสน์ นิลประภา). His dharma name in Pali Pali () is a Middle Indo-Aryan liturgical language native to the Indian subcontinent. It is widely studied because it is the language of the Buddhist ''Pāli Canon'' or ''Tipiṭaka'' as well as the sacred language of ''Theravāda'' Buddhism ... was Vasano ( th, วาสโน). He was a monk of the Wat Ratchabophit. He died in 1988, at age 90, after a reign of 14 years and 2 months. External links The Supreme Patriarch's photo Buddhism in Thailand 1897 births ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
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