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Limazo
The Limazo (from Lima and the Spanish suffix ''azo'', meaning blow or violent), also known as the Febrerazo, was a police strike and attempted coup that occurred in the city of Lima that began on February 3, 1975. The unrest was allegedly instigated by the CIA and APRA, and was violently suppressed by the Peruvian Armed Forces by February 5th. The chaos and perceived lack of proper government response caused by the insurrection brought as a consequence the worsening of the political crisis faced by the government of Juan Velasco Alvarado, which would be deposed by a coup d'état by Francisco Morales Bermúdez in August 1975, ending the first phase of the revolutionary government. Background The Revolutionary Government of the Armed Forces that seized power in 1968, had for over 6 years introduced a series of reforms, mostly of a nationalist and left-wing nature. One of them involved the expropriation of media. The television stations and radios were expropriated in November ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Revolutionary Government Of The Armed Forces Of Peru
The Revolutionary Government of the Armed Forces was a military dictatorship that ruled Peru from 1968 to 1980 after a successful coup d'état by the Armed Forces of Peru. The Revolutionary Junta, headed by Juan Velasco Alvarado, appointed him as the ''de facto'' leader of the government, which promoted revolutionary nationalism and left-wing ideas that left a deep impact in the country. Among the policies promoted were the promulgation of agrarian reform, the official recognition of Quechua, an increase of worker's rights, and the empowerment of workers' unions and indigenous Peruvians. Other measures, however, such as the nationalization of natural resources and the expropriation of companies and the media, generated a severe economic crisis and caused the international isolation of the country. In response to this situation, Alvarado was overthrown in 1975 by his prime minister Francisco Morales Bermúdez who took power to undo the socialist-leaning measures taken by Vel ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
2nd Army Division (Peru)
The 2nd Army Division ( es, II División de Ejército) is a unit of the Peruvian Army. History The unit was first created along with the creation of the Central Military Region ( es, Región Militar del Centro), being then activated in 1962. In 1975, what started as a police strike soon became a riot across the entirety of Lima, in what would later be known as the ''Limazo''. After members of the Civil Guard barricaded themselves in their ''Radio Patrulla'' barracks, the 2nd Division was ordered to remove them by force, which was done on the same day. Its coat of arms features the division's motto in quechua, as well as a condor and an emblem featuring Incan weapons. Organization The 2nd Army Division is formed by the following units: * 1st Special Forces Brigade * 3rd Special Forces Brigade * 18th Armored Brigade * Rural Settlement Command * Peruvian Guard Legion ** Hussars of Junín * "Mariscal Domingo Nieto" Cavalry Regiment Escort See also * 1st Army Division * 3rd Army Di ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Law Enforcement In Peru
Law enforcement in Peru is carried out by two organizations under the direction of the Ministry of the Interior (Peru), Ministry of the Interior: * The Peruvian National Police ( es, Policía Nacional del Perú, PNP), which acts as the national police force of Peru, and functions at both a state and local level. The Peruvian National Police acts mainly, according to Peruvian reglamented law, as a traffic control force. While it has other squadrons that nominally fight crime, the only effectively organized of them is Black Eagles, the bank security squadron. *Watchman (law enforcement), Watchmen Units ( es, Unidades de Serenazgo), which function as a dedicated municipal police force with limited jurisdiction on certain Peruvian cities and districts of Lima. ''Serenazgo'' officers have fewer legal powers than the National Police. The majority of the police force is plagued by corruption. History The history of law enforcement in Peru dates back to the age of the Incan Empire and subse ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Tacnazo
The Tacnazo was a military coup launched by then Peruvian Prime Minister, General Francisco Morales Bermúdez against the administration of President Gen. Juan Velasco Alvarado in 1975. This led to what is known in Peru as the " Second Phase" of the Revolutionary Government of the Armed Forces, which lasted until the elections of 1980. Background On February 5, 1975, there was a police strike that turned into riots and looting in the historic center of Lima, which were then violently suppressed by the Peruvian Army. This event continued to destabilize the Velasco administration, already unstable after growing discontent and demands for economic reform from the public. On the morning of Thursday, August 28, 1975, the annual ceremony commemorating the return of the Province of Tacna to Peru took place, with the presence of then Prime Minister Francisco Morales Bermúdez and the heads of the military and without the presence of President Juan Velasco Alvarado, who was in Lima. Co ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Civil Guard (Peru)
, mottotranslated = Honor is its badge , formedyear = 1873 , formedmonthday = December 31 , preceding1 = , dissolved = December 6, 1988) until its complete incorporation to the National Police of Peru in 1991. , superseding = National Police of Peru , employees = 30,000 (1980) , volunteers = , budget = , legalpersonality = , country = Peru , countryabbr = , national = , federal = , international = , divtype = , divname = , divdab = , subdivtype = , subdivname = , subdivdab = , map = , mapcaption = , dmap = , sizearea = , sizepopulation = , legaljuris = , governingbody = , governingbodyscnd = , constitution1 = , police = yes , local = , military = , paramilitary = , provost = , gendarmerie = yes , religious = , speciality1 = , secret = , overview ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Republican Guard (Peru)
The Republican Guard of Peru ( es, Guardia Republicana del Perú) was a branch of the Peruvian National Gendarmerie responsible for providing security to the headquarters of public institutions and penitentiary establishments, as well as border control. Formation The Republican Guard originally started as an infantry regiment of the Peruvian National Gendarmerie, founded in 1852 under the government of José Rufino Echenique as part of a reorganization of the police forces at the time. It became the 1st ''Gendarmes de Infantería'' Batallion ( es, Batallón de Gendarmes de Infantería N.º 1) in 1862, later fighting in the War of the Pacific. In 1855, president Ramón Castilla reorganized the Gendarmerie, consolidating the existing police forces into it and establishing strict entry requirements, as well as increasing their numbers. The following year, continuing with the reorganization of the Gendarmerie, Castilla issues the Decree of April 7, 1856, which divided the Gendarmerie i ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
La Victoria District, Lima
La Victoria is a district in Lima Province, Peru. It is bordered to the north by the district of Lima; to the east by the districts of El Agustino, San Luis and San Borja; to the south by the district of San Isidro; and to the west by the districts of Lince and Lima. From the hierarchical point of view of the Catholic Church, it is part of the Episcopal Vicariate V of the Archdiocese of Lima. La Victoria is a historical and very busy public district located in downtown Lima. La Victoria has several sections: *La Victoria proper extends from Avenida Grau in the north to Avenida Mexico in the south and from Paseo de la República Expressway in the west to Avenida San Pablo in the east. It is the most populous sector and it is filled with mom and pop stores, although Avenida Iquitos has a thriving auto parts sector. Gamarra Street is known in the entire city as a steady, if poor, clothier's row. Worker's Hospital, now known as , belonging to the Social Security System (ESSALUD) ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Strike Action
Strike action, also called labor strike, labour strike, or simply strike, is a work stoppage caused by the mass refusal of employees to Labor (economics), work. A strike usually takes place in response to grievance (labour), employee grievances. Strikes became common during the Industrial Revolution, when Labour economics, mass labor became important in factories and mines. As striking became a more common practice, governments were often pushed to act (either by private business or by union workers). When government intervention occurred, it was rarely neutral or amicable. Early strikes were often deemed unlawful conspiracies or anti-competitive cartel action and many were subject to massive legal repression by state police, federal military power, and federal courts. Many Western nations legalized striking under certain conditions in the late 19th and early 20th centuries. Strikes are sometimes used to pressure governments to change policies. Occasionally, strikes destabilize ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Miraflores District, Lima
Miraflores is a district of the Lima Province in Peru. It is a residential and upscale shopping district south of downtown Lima. It is also one of the most affluent districts that make up the city of Lima. It has several hotels (including the Hilton, the JW Marriott, and the Belmond), restaurants, bars, nightclubs, and department stores. Miraflores is one of the main tourist destinations in Lima. Founded as San Miguel de Miraflores, it was established as a district on January 2, 1857. As a result of the Battle of Miraflores fought during the War of the Pacific, Miraflores got the designation of ''Ciudad Heroica'' ("Heroic City"). The district's postal code is 18. Geography The district has a total land area of 9.62 km². Its administrative center is located 79 meters above sea level. Boundaries * North: San Isidro and Surquillo * East: Surquillo and Santiago de Surco * South: Barranco and Santiago de Surco * West: Pacific Ocean Climate Miraflores has a marine climat ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Pedro Beltrán Espantoso
Pedro Gerardo María Beltrán Espantoso (17 February 1897 – 16 February 1979), was a Peruvian journalist, economist and politician. From 1959 to 1961, he was the Prime Minister and Minister of Finance under Manuel Prado Ugarteche. Beltrán was a longtime owner and publisher of . Beltrán was the Peruvian Ambassador to the United States The United States of America (U.S.A. or USA), commonly known as the United States (U.S. or US) or America, is a country primarily located in North America. It consists of 50 states, a federal district, five major unincorporated territori ... from 1944 to 1945. He became president of the Central Reserve Bank in 1948 and served until 1950. '' ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Left-wing
Left-wing politics describes the range of political ideologies that support and seek to achieve social equality and egalitarianism, often in opposition to social hierarchy. Left-wing politics typically involve a concern for those in society whom its adherents perceive as disadvantaged relative to others as well as a belief that there are unjustified inequalities that need to be reduced or abolished. Left-wing politics are also associated with popular or state control of major political and economic institutions. According to emeritus professor of economics Barry Clark, left-wing supporters "claim that human development flourishes when individuals engage in cooperative, mutually respectful relations that can thrive only when excessive differences in status, power, and wealth are eliminated." Within the left–right political spectrum, ''Left'' and ''Right'' were coined during the French Revolution, referring to the seating arrangement in the French Estates General. Those ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
