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Ligovsky Channel
The Ligovsky Canal (russian: Ли́говский кана́л) is one of the longest canals of Saint Petersburg (Russia). Constructed in 1721, it is long. Its purpose was to supply water for the fountains of the Summer Garden. The canal delivered water from the river to ponds on the current Nekrasov Street. History The idea of constructing the canal came from the Russian tsar and reformer Peter I. He decided to decorate the Summer Garden with fountains supplied by water delivered by gravity feed. A small river, Liga (now called the Dudergofka), near (Dudergofskoye Lake), became the source of the water. The project's designer was G. Skornyakov-Pisarev, who also supervised the canal's construction. Except for the basic function of activating the fountains, the canal was used as a water main and as a defensive boundary, protecting the capital from the southeast. The project was completed in three years, 1718–21. It is known that the canal had at least two bridges, one at Mo ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Grigory Grigoryevich Skornyakov-Pisarev
Grigory Grigoryevich Skornyakov-Pisarev (russian: Григорий Григорьевич Скорняков-Писарев) was an eighteenth-century Russian educator and statesman. Biography Born in the second half of the seventeenth century, Skornyakov-Pisarev studied in Italy and Berlin, returning to Russia with knowledge of mathematics, mechanics, and engineering. For the next twenty years he oversaw instruction in the art of gunnery. In accordance with a series of decrees between 1714 and 1716, he was put in charge of new schools at Pskov, Novgorod, Yaroslavl, Moscow, and Vologda. From 1715 he taught at the new Maritime Academy ( ru) in Saint Petersburg, becoming its director in 1719. In 1722 he published the first treatise on mechanics in Russian, which included an unfulfilled promise to write more fully on the subject in the future. Forging a close relationship with the Tsar, Peter the Great, and his close associates, including Prince Menshikov, in 1717 Skornyakov-Pisarev ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Water Supply And Sanitation In Russia
In Russia, approximately 70 per cent of drinking water comes from surface water and 30 per cent from groundwater. In 2004, water supply systems had a total capacity of 90 million cubic metres a day. The average residential water use was 248 litres per capita per day.United NationSANITATION COUNTRY PROFILE RUSSIAN FEDERATION 2004 One quarter of the world’s fresh surface and groundwater is located in Russia. The water utilities sector is one of the largest industries in Russia serving the entire Russian population. History By the end of the nineteenth century, sewerage was only present in 63 Russian cities (5.12%). The year of 1870 was the turning point in urban sanitation in Russia: after the reform of city self-government, the responsibility to address the economic issues related to the urban environment and its sanitary conditions fell upon local authorities. In 1911 the central government begun to provide financial assistance to cities in the fight against epidemics and impr ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Canals Of Saint Petersburg
Canals or artificial waterways are waterways or engineered channels built for drainage management (e.g. flood control and irrigation) or for conveyancing water transport vehicles (e.g. water taxi). They carry free, calm surface flow under atmospheric pressure, and can be thought of as artificial rivers. In most cases, a canal has a series of dams and locks that create reservoirs of low speed current flow. These reservoirs are referred to as ''slack water levels'', often just called ''levels''. A canal can be called a ''navigation canal'' when it parallels a natural river and shares part of the latter's discharges and drainage basin, and leverages its resources by building dams and locks to increase and lengthen its stretches of slack water levels while staying in its valley. A canal can cut across a drainage divide atop a ridge, generally requiring an external water source above the highest elevation. The best-known example of such a canal is the Panama Canal. Many ca ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Caisson (engineering)
In geotechnical engineering, a caisson ( or ; borrowed from French ''caisson'', from Italian ''cassone'', meaning ''large box'', an augmentative of ''cassa'') is a watertight retaining structure used, for example, to work on the foundations of a bridge pier, for the construction of a concrete dam, or for the repair of ships. Caissons are constructed in such a way that the water can be pumped out, keeping the work environment dry. When piers are being built using an open caisson, and it is not practical to reach suitable soil, friction pilings may be driven to form a suitable sub-foundation. These piles are connected by a foundation pad upon which the column pier is erected. Caisson engineering has been used at least since the 18th century, and was notably used in the construction of the Brooklyn Bridge, which was completed in 1883. Types To install a caisson in place, it is brought down through soft mud until a suitable foundation material is encountered. While bedrock is pref ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Ploshchad Vosstaniya (Saint Petersburg Metro)
Ploshchad Vosstaniya ( rus, Плóщадь Восстáния, p=ˈploɕːɪtʲ vɐsːˈtanʲɪjə, lit. ''Uprising Square'') is a station on the Kirovsko-Vyborgskaya Line of Saint Petersburg Metro. It is one of the system's original stations, opening on November 15, 1955. It is a deep underground pylon station at depth. The main surface vestibule is situated on Vosstaniya Square Vosstaniya Square (russian: Пло́щадь Восста́ния, lit. ''Uprising Square'') is a major square in the Central Business District of Saint Petersburg, Russia. The square lies at the crossing of Nevsky Prospekt, Ligovsky Prospekt, V ..., which gives its name to the station. Another exit (opened in 1960) opens directly into the Moskovsky Rail Terminal. Ploshchad Vosstaniya is connected to the station Mayakovskaya of the Nevsko-Vasileostrovskaya Line via a transfer corridor and a set of escalators. Gallery File:Станция метро «Площадь Восстания». Санкт ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Moscow Triumphal Gate
The Moscow Triumphal Gate (russian: Моско́вские Триумфа́льные воро́та, ''Moskovskiye Triumfalnye vorota'') is a Neoclassical triumphal arch in Saint Petersburg, Russia. The monument, built mainly in cast iron, was erected in 1834–1838 to commemorate the Russian victory in the Russo-Turkish War, 1828-1829. 19th century At the beginning, the triumphal gate was supposed to be erected by the Obvodny Canal, but as the city expanded further to the south, the site for the gate was moved to the intersection of the Moscow highway (today: the Moscow Avenue) and the Ligovsky Canal. In addition, two guard posts were erected on both sides of the Moscow highway. In this way, the monument not only became a triumphal structure, but also a gateway into the imperial capital. The Moscow Triumphal Gate were designed by the Russian architect Vasily Stasov, who was also responsible for the re-design of the Narva Triumphal Gate in St. Petersburg. Stasov, an exponent ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Ligovsky Prospekt
Ligovsky Prospekt () is a major street in Saint Petersburg. Before the establishment of the city, it was a street leading to Novgorod, used by the people living in the villages around the Neva delta. Between 1718-25, when Saint Petersburg was the capital of Russia, construction began on the Ligovsky Canal. The canal was used to transfer water from the river to fountains of the Summer Garden, hence the name of the street and the canal. After the flood of 1777 all the fountains were demolished, and later the canal was as well. Ligovsky Prospekt today The Ligovsky Prospekt is one of the largest streets in Saint Petersburg. It extends from Oktyabrskiy Big Concert Hall, Vosstaniya Square and Nevsky Prospekt, and runs through southern Saint Petersburg, onto Moskovsky Prospekt and the Moscow Triumphal Gate. Names of the street * Moskovskaya Street; during 1739 to the late eighteenth century * Ligovsky Canal Embankment; during the nineteenth century * Ligovskaya Street; during 189 ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Granite
Granite () is a coarse-grained (phaneritic) intrusive igneous rock composed mostly of quartz, alkali feldspar, and plagioclase. It forms from magma with a high content of silica and alkali metal oxides that slowly cools and solidifies underground. It is common in the continental crust of Earth, where it is found in igneous intrusions. These range in size from dikes only a few centimeters across to batholiths exposed over hundreds of square kilometers. Granite is typical of a larger family of ''granitic rocks'', or ''granitoids'', that are composed mostly of coarse-grained quartz and feldspars in varying proportions. These rocks are classified by the relative percentages of quartz, alkali feldspar, and plagioclase (the QAPF classification), with true granite representing granitic rocks rich in quartz and alkali feldspar. Most granitic rocks also contain mica or amphibole minerals, though a few (known as leucogranites) contain almost no dark minerals. Granite is nearly alway ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Tauride Garden
The Tauride Garden (russian: Таврический сад) is a park in the Tsentralny District of Saint Petersburg, Russia. It is located behind the Tauride Palace, and near the Smolny Cathedral. History The garden was laid out between 1783 and 1789. Prince Grigory Potemkin ordered his favourite architect, William Guld, to design and lay out the park. When Potemkin died in 1791, the park and palace were used by Catherine II as a residence. Afterwards it was opened to the public. In 1898, a theater was built in the park. In 1932, it was renamed the "Park of Culture and Rest of the First Five-Year Plan", commemorating the early completion of the Soviet Union's first five-year plan for the national economy. The name "Tauride Garden" was later restored. Features The park currently contains several sports areas, an ice skating rink, and an orangery. Some of these were created when the park was partially redesigned in the late 19th and early 20th centuries. Orangery The orange ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Obvodny Canal
Obvodny Canal (russian: Обводный канал, lit. Bypass Canal) is the longest canal in Saint Petersburg, Russia, which in the 19th century served as the southern limit of the city. It is long and flows from the Neva River near Alexander Nevsky Lavra to the Yekaterinhofka not far from the sea port. The canal was dug in 1769–1780 and 1805–1833. By the late 19th century, after to the Industrial Revolution, it had effectively become a sewer collecting wastewater of adjacent industrial enterprises. Eventually the canal became shallow and no longer navigable. The banks of the canal are lined with granite Granite () is a coarse-grained ( phaneritic) intrusive igneous rock composed mostly of quartz, alkali feldspar, and plagioclase. It forms from magma with a high content of silica and alkali metal oxides that slowly cools and solidifies under .... History Construction The channel was dug in 1769–1780s by an engineer L. K. Carbonnier, its course went from ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Saint Petersburg
Saint Petersburg ( rus, links=no, Санкт-Петербург, a=Ru-Sankt Peterburg Leningrad Petrograd Piter.ogg, r=Sankt-Peterburg, p=ˈsankt pʲɪtʲɪrˈburk), formerly known as Petrograd (1914–1924) and later Leningrad (1924–1991), is the second-largest city in Russia. It is situated on the Neva River, at the head of the Gulf of Finland on the Baltic Sea, with a population of roughly 5.4 million residents. Saint Petersburg is the fourth-most populous city in Europe after Istanbul, Moscow and London, the most populous city on the Baltic Sea, and the world's northernmost city of more than 1 million residents. As Russia's Imperial capital, and a historically strategic port, it is governed as a federal city. The city was founded by Tsar Peter the Great on 27 May 1703 on the site of a captured Swedish fortress, and was named after apostle Saint Peter. In Russia, Saint Petersburg is historically and culturally associated with t ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
