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Liebermann Reagent
The Liebermann reagent named after Hungarian chemist Leo Liebermann (1852-1926) is used as a simple spot-test to presumptively identify alkaloids as well as other compounds. It is composed of a mixture of potassium nitrite and concentrated sulfuric acid. 1 g of potassium nitrite is used for every 10 mL of sulfuric acid. Potassium nitrite may also be substituted by sodium nitrite. It is used to test for cocaine, morphine, Para-Methoxyamphetamine, PMA and Para-Methoxymethamphetamine, PMMA. The test is performed by scraping off a small amount of the substance and adding a drop of the reagent (which is initially clear and colorless). The results are analyzed by viewing the color of the resulting mixture, and by the time taken for the change in color to become apparent. See also *Drug checking * Liebermann–Burchard test * Dille–Koppanyi reagent *Folin's reagent *Froehde reagent *Mandelin reagent *Marquis reagent *Mecke reagent *Simon's reagent * Zwikker reagent References { ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Leo Liebermann
Leo or Léo may refer to: Acronyms * Law enforcement officer * Law enforcement organisation * ''Louisville Eccentric Observer'', a free weekly newspaper in Louisville, Kentucky * Michigan Department of Labor and Economic Opportunity Arts and entertainment Music * Leo (band), a Missouri-based rock band that was founded in Cleveland, Ohio * L.E.O. (band), a band by musician Bleu and collaborators Film * Leo (2000 film), ''Leo'' (2000 film), a Spanish film by José Luis Borau * Leo (2002 film), ''Leo'' (2002 film), a British-American drama film * ''Leo'', a 2007 Swedish film by Josef Fares * Leo (2012 film), ''Leo'' (2012 film), a Kenyan film * Leo the Lion (MGM), mascot of the Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer movie studio Television * Leo Awards, a British Columbian television award * "Leo", an List of Being Erica episodes#Season 1, episode of ''Being Erica'' * Léo, fictional lion in the animation ''Animal Crackers (TV series), Animal Crackers'' * ''Léo'', 2018 Quebec television series ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
4-FA
4-Fluoroamphetamine (4-FA; 4-FMP; PAL-303; "Flux"), also known as ''para''-fluoroamphetamine (PFA) is a psychoactive research chemical of the phenethylamine and substituted amphetamine chemical classes. It produces stimulant and entactogenic effects. As a recreational drug, 4-FA is sometimes sold along with related compounds such as 2-fluoroamphetamine and 4-fluoromethamphetamine. Usage 4-FA is popular in the Netherlands where it is predominantly used for its specific effects (77% of users) rather than its legal status (18%). 4-FA has become illegal since May 2017. Effects The subjective effects of 4-fluoroamphetamine include euphoria which some find similar to the effects of MDMA and amphetamine, increased energy (stimulation), mood elevation, feelings of warmth and empathy, excessive talking, bruxism, and suppressed appetite (anorexic). The general course of effects involves primarily empathogenic effects for the first few hours, which fades out as increased stimulation d ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
4-Methylbuphedrone
4-Methylbuphedrone (also known as 4-MeMABP, BZ-6378 and 4-Methyl-α-methylamino-butyrophenone), is a stimulant drug of the cathinone class that has been sold online as a designer drug. It was first reported to the EMCDDA in November 2011. Legal status 4-Methylbuphedrone is listed in Anlage I and therefore illegal in Germany. As of October 2015 4-MeMABP is a controlled substance in China. In the United States 4-Methylbuphedrone is considered a schedule 1 controlled substance as a positional isomer of 4-Methylethcathinone (4-MEC) https://www.deadiversion.usdoj.gov/schedules/orangebook/orangebook.pdf See also * 4-Methylcathinone * 4-Methylethcathinone * 4-Methylmethcathinone * 4-Methylpentedrone * Buphedrone Buphedrone, also known as α-methylamino-butyrophenone (MABP), is a stimulant of the phenethylamine and cathinone chemical classes that was first synthesized in 1928. It is legal in most countries as a research chemical, as long as it is no ... References ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Pentedrone
Pentedrone (also known as α-methylaminovalerophenone) is a stimulant of the cathinone class that has been sold as a designer drug and has been found since 2010 as an ingredient in a number of " bath salt" mixes sold as legal highs. Pharmacology Pentedrone acts as a norepinephrine-dopamine reuptake inhibitor without causing their release, the same mechanism of action as methylphenidate. Side effects Pentedrone has been linked to at least one death where it was combined with α-PVP and caused heart failure. Detection A forensic standard of Pentedrone is available, and the compound has been posted on the Forendex website of potential drugs of abuse. Legal status On January 28, 2014, the DEA listed it, along with nine other synthetic cathinones, on the Schedule 1 with a temporary ban, effective February 27, 2014. Pentedrone is an Anlage II controlled drug in Germany. As of October 2015 Pentedrone is a controlled substance in China. Pentedrone is banned in the Czech Republ ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
4-MEC
4-Methylethcathinone or 4-MEC is a chemical that bears a chemical resemblance to mephedrone. Due to its similarity to mephedrone, it is thought to be a stimulant and entactogen drug of the phenethylamine, amphetamine, and cathinone chemical classes. It has been marketed alone or in mixtures with other substituted cathinones under the name "NRG-2", although other blends such as " NRG-1" may have been more ambiguous with their ingredients. 4-MEC is reported to have been used as the active ingredient in fake "Ecstasy" pills in some countries such as New Zealand. Recreational use Some users have injected the drug intravenously. This requires heating the water/4-MEC solution in order for 4-MEC to dissolve. Injecting 4-MEC appears to be rough on veins and is sometimes accompanied by a burning sensation; for this reason 4-MEC should be diluted as much as possible. Intravenous dosages are comparable to oral ones, although more care should be given to safety (with regard to possibili ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Brephedrone
4-Bromomethcathinone (4-BMC, Brephedrone) is a psychoactive drug and research chemical of the phenethylamine, amphetamine, and cathinone chemical classes. It acts as a serotonin and norepinephrine reuptake inhibitor, but acts more like an antidepressant than a stimulant. It is currently unclear whether the 4-halogenated cathinones share the selective serotonergic neurotoxicity of their corresponding amphetamines. Legal status As of October 2015, 4-BMC is a controlled substance in China. 4-Bromomethcathinone is considered a Schedule 1 substance in Virginia. See also * 4-Chloromethcathinone * 4-Ethylmethcathinone 4-Ethylmethcathinone (4-EMC) is a recreational designer drug of the stimulant and entactogen class. It is a structural isomer of 4-MEC and 3,4-DMMC. It has been identified in many countries around the world, initially in Europe but was first fo ... References Cathinones Designer drugs Bromoarenes Serotonin–norepinephrine reuptake inhibitors Entacto ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
MDPV
Methylenedioxypyrovalerone (MDPV) is a stimulant of the cathinone class that acts as a norepinephrine–dopamine reuptake inhibitor (NDRI). It was first developed in the 1960s by a team at Boehringer Ingelheim. Its activity at the dopamine transporter is six times stronger than at the norepinephrine transporter and it is virtually inactive at the serotonin transporter. MDPV remained an obscure stimulant until around 2004 when it was reportedly sold as a designer drug. In the USA, products containing MDPV and labeled as bath salts were sold as recreational drugs in gas stations, similar to the marketing for Spice and K2 as incense, until it was banned in 2011. Appearance The hydrochloride salt exists as a very fine crystalline powder; it is hygroscopic and thus tends to form clumps, resembling something like powdered sugar. Its color can range from pure white to a yellowish-tan and has a slight odor that strengthens as it colors. Impurities are likely to consist of either pyrr ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Methylone
Methylone (also known as "3,4-methylenedioxy-''N''-methylcathinone", "MDMC", "βk-MDMA" and by the slang term "M1") is an empathogen and stimulant psychoactive drug. It is a member of the substituted amphetamine, substituted cathinone and substituted methylenedioxyphenethylamine classes. Methylone is the substituted cathinone analog of MDMA and the 3,4-methylenedioxy analog of methcathinone. The only structural difference of methylone with respect to MDMA is the substitution of 2 hydrogen atoms by 1 oxygen atom in the β position of the phenethylamine core, forming a ketone group. Methylone was first synthesized by the chemists Peyton Jacob III and Alexander Shulgin in 1996 for potential use as an antidepressant. Methylone has been sold for recreational use, taking advantage of the absence of legal prohibition of this compound in many countries . Effects Resemblance to MDMA Methylone substitutes for MDMA in rats trained to discriminate MDMA from saline. Methyl ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
4-MOMC
Methedrone (''para''-methoxymethcathinone, 4-methoxymethcathinone, bk-PMMA, PMMC, methoxyphedrine, 4-MeOMC) is a recreational drug of the cathinone chemical class. Chemically, methedrone is closely related to ''para''-methoxymethamphetamine (PMMA), methylone and mephedrone. Methedrone received media attention in 2009 after the death of two young Swedish men. In both cases toxicology analysis showed methedrone was the only drug present in both men during the time of their overdose and subsequent deaths. Discovery The synthesis of methedrone was first reported in 1933. Structure and reactivity Structure Methedrone is a synthetic cathinone. It is related to the parent compound cathinone. Methedrone belongs to the phenethylamine family due to the presence of the cyclic group of atoms C6 H5 in which six carbons bind to form a hexagonal ring with five hydrogens each bonding to a carbon and the remaining carbon bonded to an atom or group of atoms other than hydrogen. Reactivity T ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
3-FMC
3-Fluoromethcathinone (also known as 3-FMC) is a chemical compound of the phenethylamine, amphetamine, and cathinone classes that has been sold online as a designer drug. It is a structural isomer of flephedrone (4-fluoromethcathinone). 3-Fluoro''iso''methcathinone is produced as a by-product when 3-FMC is synthesized, the activity of this compound is unknown.Two cases of confirmed ingestion of the novel designer compounds: 4-methylmethcathinone (Mephedrone) and 3-fluoromethcathinone Susannah Davies ''et al.'' Effects This chemical's effects and safety have not been studied scientifically.Legal status In the United States, 3-FMC is |
N,N-DMC
Metamfepramone (INN, also known as dimethylcathinone, dimethylpropion, and dimepropion (BAN)) is a stimulant drug of the phenethylamine, and cathinone chemical classes. Dimethylcathinone was evaluated as an appetite suppressant and for the treatment of hypotension, but was never widely marketed. It was used as a recreational drug in Israel under the name rakefet, but was made illegal in 2006. Metamfepramone is metabolized to produce ''N''-methylpseudoephedrine and methcathinone. It has also been found to be about 1.6 times less potent than methcathinone, making it roughly equipotent to cathinone itself. See also * Dimethylamphetamine * Substituted cathinone Substituted cathinones, which include some stimulants and entactogens, are derivatives of cathinone. They feature a phenethylamine core with an alkyl group attached to the alpha carbon, and a ketone group attached to the beta carbon, along ... References Stimulants Cathinones Norepinephrine-dopamine r ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
