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Libération-Nord
''Libération-Nord'' ("Liberation-North") was one of the principal resistance movements in the northern occupied zone of France during the Second World War. It was one of the eight great networks making up the National Council of the Resistance. History Initially an underground newspaper, from December 1940 to November 1941 Libération-Nord was transformed into a resistance movement. Aiming to express the secret movements of the non-communist unions among the Confédération générale du travail the Confédération Française des Travailleurs Chrétiens and the Section française de l'Internationale ouvrière (SFIO), Libération-Nord was formed around Christian Pineau and the team of the ''Manifeste des douze''. The movement was not entirely socialist but the leadership was socialist. In 1942, two resistance networks were created from within Libération-Nord under the command of the Bureau central de renseignements et d'action: * Phalanx in the ''zone Sud'', created by Christ ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Jean Cavaillès
Jean Cavaillès (; ; 15 May 1903 – 4 April 1944) was a French philosopher and logician who specialized in philosophy of mathematics and philosophy of science. He took part in the French Resistance within the ''Libération'' movement and was arrested by the Gestapo on 17 February 1944 and shot on 4 April 1944. Early life and education Cavaillès was born in Saint-Maixent, Deux-Sèvres. After passing his first baccalauréat in 1919 and baccalauréats in mathematics and philosophy the following year, he studied at the Lycée Louis-le-Grand, including two years of '' classes préparatoires'', before entering the École Normale Supérieure in 1923, reading philosophy. In 1927 he passed the ''agrégation'' competitive exam. He began graduate studies in Philosophy in 1928 under the supervision of Léon Brunschvicg. Cavaillès won a Rockefeller Foundation scholarship in 1929–1930. In 1931 he travelled extensively in Germany; in Göttingen he conceived, jointly with Emmy Noether, the ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
National Council Of The Resistance
The National Council of the Resistance (also, National Resistance Council; in French: ''Conseil National de la Résistance'' (CNR), was the body that directed and coordinated the different movements of the French Resistance: the press, trade unions and members of political parties hostile to the Vichy regime, starting from mid-1943. Background Various resistance movements had arisen in France since the start of the German occupation in June 1940. With the possible exception of the ''Francs-Tireurs et Partisans'' and other groups loyal to the Communist Party of France, the ''maquis'' groups were mostly unorganised and unrelated to one another. This lack of coordination made them less effective in their actions against the Nazi occupiers. Formation and Meeting of Resistance Fighters Charles de Gaulle, exiled in London and recognized by the UK as leader of a French government in exile, began seeking the formation of a committee to unify the resistance movements. On January 1, 1942 ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Louis Saillant
Louis André Saillant (27 November 1910 – 28 October 1974) was a French people, French trade unionist and resistance fighter. Born in Valence (city), Valance, Saillant worked as a cabinet maker. He became active in the General Confederation of Labour (France), General Confederation of Labour (CGT), becoming secretary of its Building and Woodworkers' Federation. In 1940, the Vichy government outlawed trade unions, but the CGT continued, illegally, in support of the French Resistance. Saillant was a signatory to the ''Manifesto of the Twelve'', in which twelve leading trade unionists publicly opposed Vichy policy, and was also active in Libération-Nord. In 1943, the CGT was a founding element of the National Council of the Resistance (CNR), and Saillant became its delegate to the CNR, taking over as chair of the resistance in 1944. After World War II, Saillant was elected as the general secretary of the World Federation of Trade Unions (WFTU). When the right-wing split aw ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Zone Occupée
The Military Administration in France (german: Militärverwaltung in Frankreich; french: Occupation de la France par l'Allemagne) was an interim occupation authority established by Nazi Germany during World War II to administer the occupied zone in areas of northern and western France. This so-called ' was established in June 1940, and renamed ' ("north zone") in November 1942, when the previously unoccupied zone in the south known as ' ("free zone") was also occupied and renamed ' ("south zone"). Its role in France was partly governed by the conditions set by the Second Armistice at after the success of the leading to the Fall of France; at the time both French and Germans thought the occupation would be temporary and last only until Britain came to terms, which was believed to be imminent. For instance, France agreed that its soldiers would remain prisoners of war until the cessation of all hostilities. The "French State" (') replaced the French Third Republic that had ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
François Tanguy-Prigent
François Marie Tanguy Prigent (11 October 1909 – 20 January 1970) was a French Socialist politician who became a resistance fighter during World War II (1939–45). He was Minister of Agriculture from September 1944 to October 1947 and was Minister of Veterans and War Victims from February 1956 to June 1957. Early years François Tanguy-Prigent was born to a farming family on 11 October 1909 in the small town of Saint-Jean-du-Doigt, in the Finistère department of Brittany. He worked on the land from the age of 12 to 26, when he was elected to the legislature. He joined the French Section of the Workers' International (SFIO) in 1926. He undertook his military service in Paris in 1930–31, and on return became an active SFIO militant. In 1933–34 he played a major role in creation of the Fédération paysanne du Finistère, an agricultural union affiliated with the CNP, of which he became a national director.In 1933 he founded a cooperative in Morlaix. In 1934 Tanguy-Pri ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Yves Rocard
Yves-André Rocard (22 May 1903 – 16 March 1992) was a French physicist who helped develop the atomic bomb for France. Rocard was born in Vannes. After obtaining a double doctorate in mathematics (1927) and physics (1928) he was awarded the professorship in electronic physics at the École normale supérieure in Paris. As a member of a Resistance group during the Second World War he flew to the UK in a small plane as part of a dangerous mission, and was able to provide British intelligence with invaluable information. There he met up with Charles de Gaulle who named him Director of Research in the Forces navales françaises libres (the Navy of Free France). He became particularly interested in the detection of solar radio emissions by British Radar, which were causing military problems by jamming detection during periods of high emission, and was able to create a new radio navigational beam station. As research director, Rocard followed the French troops entering Germany ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
René Iché
René Iché (21 January 1897 – 23 December 1954) was a 20th-century French sculptor. Life and work René Iché was born in Sallèles-d'Aude, France. He fought in World War I, where he was injured and gassed. After the war, he earned a degree in law, but also studied sculpture with Antoine Bourdelle and architecture with Auguste Perret. In 1927, his pacific monument of Ouveillan (a Monumental Modern church in the South of France) was well received. During his first solo exhibition, at the art dealer Léopold Zborowski in 1931, two sculptures were acquired by the Musée National d'Art Moderne in Paris (now in the Centre Georges Pompidou) and the Museum Boijmans Van Beuningen in Rotterdam.*Robert Maillard, ''Dictionary of Modern Sculpture'', 1962. Tudor. 310 pages. Page 141.*Michel Seuphor, ''The Sculpture of this Century, Dictionary of Modern Sculpture''. 1959. Zwemmer. Page 282. In 1928, he married his model Rosa Achard, known as Renée. His daughter Laurence, who later becam ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Paul Rassinier
Paul Rassinier (18 March 1906 – 28 July 1967) was a political activist and writer who is viewed as "the father of Holocaust denial". Totten, Samuel; Bartrop, Paul Robert; Jacobs, Steven L. "Rassinier, Paul", ''Dictionary of Genocide'', Volume 2, Greenwood Publishing Group, 2008, , p. 358. He was also a member of the French resistance who survived Buchenwald and Mittelbau-Dora concentration camps. A journalist and editor, he wrote hundreds of articles on political and economic subjects. Early life Rassinier was born on 18 March 1906 in Bermont in the Territoire de Belfort, into a politically active family. During World War I Paul's father Joseph, a farmer and a veteran of the French colonial army in Tonkin (present day Vietnam) was mobilized, but was put into a military prison for his pacifist attitudes, something his son Paul never forgot. After the war, his family favored the post-war socialist revolutions, and he joined the French Communist Party (PCF) in 1922. He sec ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Mouvements Unis De La Résistance
The Communist Party of Belgium (french: Parti Communiste de Belgique, or PCB; nl, Communistische Partij van België) is a communist party in Belgium. It was founded in Wallonia in 1989 as the Communist Party of Wallonia after the Communist Party of Belgium was bifurcated along linguistic lines, and refounded as the PCB following the extinction of its counterpart in Flanders. Pierre Beauvois was the General Secretary of the party to 2006. PC publishes ''Le Drapeau Rouge'' and ''Mouvements''. It was part of the Party of the European Left The Party of the European Left (PEL), commonly abbreviated European Left, is a European political party that operates as an association of democratic socialist and communist political parties in the European Union and other European countries. ... until July 2018. References External links * 1989 establishments in Belgium Communist parties in Belgium Francophone political parties in Belgium Party of the European Left former memb ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Bureau Central De Renseignements Et D'action
The Bureau Central de Renseignements et d'Action (, Central Bureau of Intelligence and Operations), abbreviated BCRA, was the World War II-era forerunner of the SDECE, the French intelligence service. The BCRA was created by the Free French chief-of-staff in 1940, and it was first commanded, Major André Dewavrin, who had taken the ''nom de guerre'', "Colonel Passy". De Gaulle set up his Free French intelligence system to combine both military and political roles, including covert operations. He selected journalist Pierre Brossolette (1903-44) to head the Bureau Central de Renseignements et d'Action (BCRA). The policy was reversed in 1943 by Emmanuel d'Astrier (1900-69), the interior minister, who insisted on civilian control of political intelligence.Sébastien Laurent, "The free French secret services: Intelligence and the politics of republican legitimacy." ''Intelligence and National Security'' 15.4 (2000): 19-41. History The organization was preceded by the Deuxième Bureau, ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
France
France (), officially the French Republic ( ), is a country primarily located in Western Europe. It also comprises of Overseas France, overseas regions and territories in the Americas and the Atlantic Ocean, Atlantic, Pacific Ocean, Pacific and Indian Oceans. Its Metropolitan France, metropolitan area extends from the Rhine to the Atlantic Ocean and from the Mediterranean Sea to the English Channel and the North Sea; overseas territories include French Guiana in South America, Saint Pierre and Miquelon in the North Atlantic, the French West Indies, and many islands in Oceania and the Indian Ocean. Due to its several coastal territories, France has the largest exclusive economic zone in the world. France borders Belgium, Luxembourg, Germany, Switzerland, Monaco, Italy, Andorra, and Spain in continental Europe, as well as the Kingdom of the Netherlands, Netherlands, Suriname, and Brazil in the Americas via its overseas territories in French Guiana and Saint Martin (island), ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
