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Levering Act
The Levering Act (Cal. Gov. Code § 3100-3109) was a law enacted by the U.S. state of California in 1950. It required state employees to subscribe to a loyalty oath that specifically disavowed radical beliefs. It was aimed in particular at employees of the University of California. Several teachers lost their positions when they refused to sign loyalty oaths. Beginning with the onset of the Cold War in the years following World War II, government officials at all levels of government in the United States feared Soviet infiltration that might influence public opinion and frustrate the efforts of the United States to counter Soviet influence. Several laws passed and programs established during the Truman administration enhanced the federal government's authority to investigate those suspected of disloyalty and, in particular, to prevent their employment by the federal government. Individual states enacted similar anti-subversion statutes. In the late 1940s, California state employees ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
California
California is a U.S. state, state in the Western United States, located along the West Coast of the United States, Pacific Coast. With nearly 39.2million residents across a total area of approximately , it is the List of states and territories of the United States by population, most populous U.S. state and the List of U.S. states and territories by area, 3rd largest by area. It is also the most populated Administrative division, subnational entity in North America and the 34th most populous in the world. The Greater Los Angeles area and the San Francisco Bay Area are the nation's second and fifth most populous Statistical area (United States), urban regions respectively, with the former having more than 18.7million residents and the latter having over 9.6million. Sacramento, California, Sacramento is the state's capital, while Los Angeles is the List of largest California cities by population, most populous city in the state and the List of United States cities by population, ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Pauline Sperry
Pauline Sperry (March 5, 1885 – September 24, 1967) was an American mathematician. Biography on p. 571-574 of thSupplementary MaterialaAMS/ref> Early life and education Born in Peabody, Massachusetts, Sperry was the daughter of two schoolteachers; her father, William Gardner Sperry, was also a Congregational minister and later became president of Olivet College. Perry began her own undergraduate studies at Olivet College, but then moved to Smith College. She graduated from Smith in 1906 at age 21 and was elected to Phi Beta Kappa. After teaching at a private school, she returned to Smith in 1907 to do graduate work in mathematics and music, and earned a master's degree in music in 1908. She continued on as a teacher at Smith until 1912, remaining affiliated with Smith as a traveling fellow into 1913. Sperry began studying at the University of Chicago in 1913 and earned a master's degree in mathematics in 1914. Under the guidance of Ernest Julius Wilczynski, her doctoral t ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Political History Of The United States
The politics of the United States function within a framework of a constitutional federal republic and presidential system, with three distinct branches that share powers. These are: the U.S. Congress which forms the legislative branch, a bicameral legislative body comprising the House of Representatives and the Senate; the executive branch which is headed by the president of the United States, who serves as country's head of state and government; and the judicial branch, composed of the Supreme Court and lower federal courts, and which exercises judicial power. Each of the 50 individual state governments have the power to make laws within their jurisdictions that are not granted to the federal government nor denied to the states in the U.S. Constitution. Each state also has a constitution following the pattern of the federal constitution but differing in details. Each have three branches: an executive branch headed by a governor, a legislative body, and judicial branc ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Scares
Fear is an intensely unpleasant emotion in response to perceiving or recognizing a danger or threat. Fear causes physiological changes that may produce behavioral reactions such as mounting an aggressive response or fleeing the threat. Fear in human beings may occur in response to a certain stimulus occurring in the present, or in anticipation or expectation of a future threat perceived as a risk to oneself. The fear response arises from the perception of danger leading to confrontation with or escape from/avoiding the threat (also known as the fight-or-flight response), which in extreme cases of fear (horror and terror) can be a freeze response or paralysis. In humans and other animals, fear is modulated by the process of cognition and learning. Thus, fear is judged as rational or appropriate and irrational or inappropriate. An irrational fear is called a phobia. Fear is closely related to the emotion anxiety, which occurs as the result of threats that are perceived to be un ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Edward H
Edward is an English given name. It is derived from the Anglo-Saxon name ''Ēadweard'', composed of the elements '' ēad'' "wealth, fortune; prosperous" and '' weard'' "guardian, protector”. History The name Edward was very popular in Anglo-Saxon England, but the rule of the Norman and Plantagenet dynasties had effectively ended its use amongst the upper classes. The popularity of the name was revived when Henry III named his firstborn son, the future Edward I, as part of his efforts to promote a cult around Edward the Confessor, for whom Henry had a deep admiration. Variant forms The name has been adopted in the Iberian peninsula since the 15th century, due to Edward, King of Portugal, whose mother was English. The Spanish/Portuguese forms of the name are Eduardo and Duarte. Other variant forms include French Édouard, Italian Edoardo and Odoardo, German, Dutch, Czech and Romanian Eduard and Scandinavian Edvard. Short forms include Ed, Eddy, Eddie, Ted, Teddy and Ned. Pe ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Jacob Loewenberg
Jacob Loewenberg (February 2, 1882 – March 27, 1969) was a Latvian-American philosopher.Staff report (March 30, 1969). Obituary. ''Chicago Tribune'' Life and career Loewenberg was born in Tukums, Russian Empire (present-day Latvia) and moved to Riga at age 13. Fearing conscription by the Russian Army, he made his way to Boston in 1904 by way of Germany and England. Loewenberg was accepted into Harvard College upon arrival and began studying philosophy, earning a bachelor's degree in 1908, a master's degree in 1909, and a doctorate in 1911 (with a thesis under the title ''The Genesis of Hegel's Dialectical Method''). At Harvard, he was influenced by Josiah Royce and George Santayana. He taught German and Philosophy at Wellesley College before taking an appointment in the philosophy department at University of California, Berkeley in 1915. He became a full professor in 1925 and served as department chair from 1935 to 1941. In 1950, he refused to sign a loyalty oath demanded by the ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Hans Lewy
Hans Lewy (20 October 1904 – 23 August 1988) was a Jewish American mathematician, known for his work on partial differential equations and on the theory of functions of several complex variables. Life Lewy was born in Breslau, Silesia, on October 20, 1904. He began his studies at the University of Göttingen in 1922, after being advised to avoid the more local University of Breslau because it was too old-fashioned,. supporting himself during the Weimar hyperinflation by a side job doing railroad track maintenance. At Göttingen, he studied both mathematics and physics; his teachers there included Max Born, Richard Courant, James Franck, David Hilbert, Edmund Landau, Emmy Noether, and Alexander Ostrowski. He earned his doctorate in 1926, at which time he and his friend Kurt Otto Friedrichs both became assistants to Courant and privatdozents at Göttingen. The famous Courant-Friedrichs-Lewy condition originated from that time in 1928.. At the recommendation of Courant, Lew ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Harold Lewis
Harold ("Hal") Warren Lewis (born October 1, 1923 at the Center for History of Physics, – May 26, 2011) was an American Professor of and former department chairman at the (UCSB). He was chairman of ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Ernst Kantorowicz
Ernst Hartwig Kantorowicz (May 3, 1895 – September 9, 1963) was a German historian of medieval political and intellectual history and art, known for his 1927 book '' Kaiser Friedrich der Zweite'' on Holy Roman Emperor Frederick II, and ''The King's Two Bodies'' (1957) on medieval and early modern ideologies of monarchy and the state. He was an elected member of both the American Philosophical Society and the American Academy of Arts and Sciences. Career Early life and education Kantorowicz was born in Posen (then part of Prussia) to a wealthy, assimilated German-Jewish family, and as a young man was groomed to take over his family's prosperous liquor distillery business. He served as an officer in the German Army for four years in World War I. After the war, he matriculated at the University of Berlin to study economics, at one point also joining a right-wing militia that fought against Polish forces in the Greater Poland Uprising (1918–1919) and helped put down the Spartac ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Margaret Hodgen
Margaret Trabue Hodgen (1890 – 22 January 1977) was an American sociologist and author. Hodgen was a professor of sociology at the University of California, Berkeley The University of California, Berkeley (UC Berkeley, Berkeley, Cal, or California) is a public land-grant research university in Berkeley, California. Established in 1868 as the University of California, it is the state's first land-grant u .... Hodgen wrote the highly influential ''Doctrine of the Survivals'', first published as a book in 1936, but originally launched in the journal ''American Anthropology'' in 1931. Hodgen completed her doctoral thesis''Workers' Education in England and the United States''in 1925. Publications * ''Workers' education in England & the United States'', London, K. Paul, Trench, Trubner & Co. 1925. * ''Change and history : a study of the dated distributions of technological innovations in England'', New York, Johnson 1952. * ''Early Anthropology in the Sixteenth and Se ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Edwin Sill Fussell
Edwin Sill Fussell, Ph.D. (July 4, 1922 – August 27, 2002) was a professor of English literature at the University of California, San Diego. He was the elder brother of Paul Fussell. Early life Fussell was born in Pasadena, California, United States, and grew up there. His father, Paul Longstreth Fussell (15 January 1895 – 16 July 1973), was a corporate lawyer in Los Angeles with the firm of O’Melveny & Myers. His mother was born Wilhma Wilson Sill in Illinois 21 August 1893 and died 23 March 1971. In 1943 Fussell earned a B.A. degree from Pomona College. Thereafter he joined the U.S. Navy, serving aboard a destroyer in the Pacific Theater of Operations during World War II. He received a Ph.D. from Harvard University in 1949. Career Fussell first taught at the University of California at Berkeley. He refused to sign a loyalty oath during the era of Sen. Joseph McCarthy's "communist-hunting" in the early 1950s, losing his professorship as a result. Fussell then went to ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Ludwig Edelstein
Ludwig Edelstein (23 April 1902 – 16 August 1965) was a classical scholar and historian of medicine. Personal life and career Edelstein was born in Berlin, Germany, to Isidor and Mathilde Adler Edelstein. He attended the University of Berlin from 1921 to 1924 and received his Ph.D. at the University of Heidelberg in 1929. He was married to Emma J. Levy on 25 Oct. 1928. Because he and his wife were Jewish, Edelstein lost his academic position and had to flee from Germany in 1933 when the Nazis came to power.*Rütten, Thomas, ''Ludwig Edelstein at the Crossroads of 1933. On the Inseparability of Life, Work, and Their Reverberations'', Early Science and Medicine, Volume 11, Number 1, 2006, pp. 50–99(50PDF/ref> Upon his arrival in the US in 1934, he took up an appointment at Johns Hopkins University. Subsequently, he taught at the University of Washington and the University of California at Berkeley, from which he resigned rather than sign the Levering Act loyalty oath. He the ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
