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Letterer
A letterer is a member of a team of comic book creators responsible for drawing the comic book's text. The letterer's use of typefaces, calligraphy, letter size, and layout all contribute to the impact of the comic. The letterer crafts the comic's "display lettering": the story title lettering and other special captions and credits that usually appear on a story's first page. The letterer also writes the letters in the word balloons and draws in sound effects. Many letterers also design logos for the comic book company's various titles. History Origins By the time comic books came of age in the 1940s, the huge volume of work demanded by publishers had encouraged an assembly-line process, dividing the creative process into distinct tasks: writer, penciller, letterer, inker, and colorist. By the late 1940s, it became possible to make a living just lettering comic strips and comic books for artists, studios, and companies that didn't have the time or desire to do it in-h ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Gaspar Saladino
Gaspar Saladino (September 1, 1927 – August 4, 2016) was an American letterer and logo designer who worked for more than sixty years in the comic book industry, mostly for DC Comics. Eventually Saladino went by one name, "Gaspar," which he wrote in his trademark calligraphy. From 1966 to the 1990s he lettered many of the logos, titles, captions and balloons on DC Comics covers.Klein, Todd"Gaspar Saladino 1927-2016" Kleinletters.com (Aug. 7, 2016). Retrieved August 8, 2016. For a period in the 1970s, he was also "page-one letterer" for many Marvel Comics books. Biography Early life and education Saladino was born in Brooklyn, New York City, and attended Manhattan's School of Industrial Art. While in school Saladino did some comic-book inking for Lloyd Jacquet's " Funnies, Inc.", one of several "packagers" of the time that produced outsourced comics for publishers entering the new medium. After graduating from high school, Saladino enlisted in the U.S. Army, which stationed hi ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Comic Book Creator
developed specialized terminology. Some several attempts have been made to formalize and define the terminology of comics by authors such as Will Eisner, Scott McCloud, R. C. Harvey and Dylan Horrocks. Much of the terminology in English is under dispute, so this page will list and describe the most common terms used in comics. Comics "Comics" is used as a non-count noun, and thus is used with the singular form of a verb, in the way the words "politics" or "economics" are, to refer to the medium, so that one refers to the "comics industry" rather than the "comic industry". "Comic" as an adjective also has the meaning of "funny", or as pertaining to comedians, which can cause confusion and is usually avoided in most cases ("comic strip" being a well-entrenched exception). "Comic" as a singular noun is sometimes used to refer to individual comics periodicals, what are known in North America as "comic books". "Underground comix" is a term first popularized by cartoonists in t ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
John Costanza
John Costanza (born August 14, 1943, in Dover, New Jersey) is an American comic book artist and letterer. He has worked for both DC Comics and Marvel Comics. He was the letterer during Alan Moore's acclaimed run on ''Swamp Thing''. The bulk of Costanza's art assignments have been for anthropomorphic animal comics and children-oriented material. Biography Costanza began his career in 1965, working as Joe Kubert's assistant on the syndicated newspaper strip ''Tales of the Green Berets''. Costanza soon started to work for comic books, both as an artist and a letterer. He started out with contributing to DC titles like ''G.I. Combat'' and ''House of Mystery'' in the period 1968-1971. He began freelancing for Marvel (exclusively as a letterer) in 1972, at first under the alias Jon Costa. He would soon become one of the company's premier letterers, working on flagship titles such as ''Fantastic Four'' and ''The Amazing Spider-Man'', and lettering special projects such as the Stan Lee/Jac ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Lettering
Lettering is an umbrella term that covers the art of drawing letters, instead of simply writing them. Lettering is considered an art form, where each letter in a phrase or quote acts as an illustration. Each letter is created with attention to detail and has a unique role within a composition., Lettering is created as an image, with letters that are meant to be used in a unique configuration. Lettering words do not always translate into alphabets that can later be used in a typeface, since they are created with a specific word in mind., Examples Lettering includes that used for purposes of blueprints and comic books, as well as decorative lettering such as sign painting and custom graphics. For instance; on posters, for a letterhead or business wordmark, lettering in stone, lettering for advertisements, tire lettering, fileteado, graffiti, or on chalkboards. Lettering may be drawn, incised, applied using stencils, using a digital medium with a stylus, or a vector prog ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Colorist
In comics, a colorist is responsible for adding color to black-and-white line art. For most of the 20th century this was done using brushes and dyes which were then used as guides to produce the printing plates. Since the late 20th century it is most often done using digital media, with printing separations produced electronically. Although most American colorists work directly for comics publishers (either as employees or freelancers), there are a few coloring studios which offer their services to publishers. American Color, Olyoptics, Digital Chameleon were the companies notable in this field. History Originally, comics were colored by cutting out films of various densities in the appropriate shapes to be used in producing color-separated printing plates. The typical colorist worked from photocopies of the inked pages, which they colored with special dyes. Dr. Martin's Dyes was a brand notable in this field within the comic strip industry. CMYK codes were written on the p ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Ben Oda
Ben Oda (December 21, 1915 – November 1984) was a Japanese-American letterer for comic books and comic strips. He graduated from Chouinard Art Institute and began his career as an apprentice at Walt Disney Studios.''DC Profiles Number 56: Ben Oda'', appearing in ''Jonah Hex #33'', February 1980 During World War II, Oda was a paratrooper for the 442nd Combat Team. Oda lettered for two major comic strip syndicates: the Chicago Tribune Syndicate and King Features Syndicate. Comic strips lettered by Oda include '' Apartment 3-G'', ''Big Ben Bolt'', ''Dondi'', ''The Dropouts'', ''Flash Gordon'', '' Johnny Hazard'', ''Little Orphan Annie'', '' Miss Peach'', ''On Stage'', ''The Phantom'', ''Prince Valiant'', ''Rip Kirby'', ''The Spirit'' and ''Steve Canyon''. He entered the comics industry after World War II; some of his earliest lettering was for Hillman Periodicals' ''Airboy'' and '' Real Clue Crime Stories'', which connected him with the Simon & Kirby team. In the 1950s, his let ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Ira Schnapp
Ira Schnapp (October 10, 1894 – July 24, 1969) was a logo designer and letterer who brought his classic and art deco design styles to DC Comics (then National Comics) beginning with the redesign of the ''Superman'' logo in 1940. He did a great deal of logo and lettering work for the company in the 1940s. Around 1949, he joined the staff as their in-house logo, cover lettering and house-ad designer and letterer, and continued in that role until about 1967. Life and career Early life and immigration Schnapp was born in the small town of Sassow, then in the Kingdom of Galicia and Lodomeria, part of the Austro-Hungarian Empire. After World War II that area became part of Ukraine, and the town is now known as Sasiv. He was one of eight children, five born in Austria, three born after the family regrouped in New York City. Ira's father Max emigrated in 1895 and established himself in a grocery business. His oldest son Jacob followed in 1898. The rest of the family — mother Sadi ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Word Balloon
Speech balloons (also speech bubbles, dialogue balloons, or word balloons) are a graphic convention used most commonly in comic books, comics, and cartoons to allow words (and much less often, pictures) to be understood as representing a character's speech or thoughts. A formal distinction is often made between the balloon that indicates speech and the one that indicates thoughts; the balloon that conveys thoughts is often referred to as a thought bubble or conversation cloud. History One of the earliest antecedents to the modern speech bubble were the "speech scrolls", wispy lines that connected first-person speech to the mouths of the speakers in Mesoamerican art between 600 and 900 AD. Earlier, paintings, depicting stories in subsequent frames, using descriptive text resembling bubbles-text, were used in murals, one such example witten in Greek_language, Greek, dating to the 2nd century, found in Capitolias#Archaeology, Capitolias, today in Jordan. In Western graphic ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Penciller
A penciller (or penciler) is an artist who works on the creation of comic books, graphic novels, and similar visual art forms, with a focus on the initial pencil illustrations, usually in collaboration with other artists, who provide inks, colors and lettering in the book, under the supervision of an editor. In the American comic book industry, the penciller is the first step in rendering the story in visual form, and may require several steps of feedback with the writer. These artists are concerned with layout (positions and vantages on scenes) to showcase steps in the plot. Tools and materials A penciller works in pencil. Beyond this basic description, however, different artists choose to use a wide variety of different tools. While many artists use traditional wood pencils, others prefer mechanical pencils or drafting leads. Pencillers may use any lead hardness they wish, although many artists use a harder lead (like a 2H) to make light lines for initial sketches, then tur ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Inker
The inker (sometimes credited as the finisher or embellisher) is one of the two line artists in traditional comic book production. The penciller creates a drawing, the inker outlines, interprets, finalizes, retraces this drawing by using a pencil, pen or a brush. Inking was necessary in the traditional printing process as presses could not reproduce pencilled drawings. "Inking" of text is usually handled by another specialist, the letterer, the application of colors by the colorist. As the last hand in the production chain before the colorist, the inker has the final word on the look of the page, and can help control a story's mood, pace, and readability. Workflow While inking can involve tracing pencil lines in a literal sense, it also requires interpreting the pencils, giving proper weight to the lines, correcting mistakes, and making other creative choices. The look of a penciler's final art can vary enormously depending on the inker. A pencil drawing can have an infin ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Comics Code Authority
The Comics Code Authority (CCA) was formed in 1954 by the Comics Magazine Association of America as an alternative to government regulation. The CCA allowed the comic publishers to self-regulate the content of comic books in the United States. The code was voluntary; there was no law requiring its use, although some advertisers and retailers looked to it for reassurance. Some publishers including Dell, Western, and Classics Illustrated never used it. Its code, commonly called "the Comics Code", lasted until the early 21st century. The CC formation followed a moral panic centered around a series of Senate hearings and the publication of psychiatrist Fredric Wertham's book '' Seduction of the Innocent''. Members submitted comics to the CCA, which screened them for adherence to its code, then authorized the use of their seal on the cover if the book was found to be in compliance. At the height of its influence, it was a ''de facto'' censor for the entire U.S. comic book indust ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Jerry Robinson
Sherrill David Robinson (January 1, 1922 – December 7, 2011), known as Jerry Robinson, was an American comic book artist known for his work on DC Comics' Batman line of comics during the 1940s. He is best known as the co-creator of Robin and the Joker and for his work on behalf of creators' rights. He was inducted into the Comic Book Hall of Fame in 2004. Early life Jerry Robinson was born the youngest of five children in Trenton, New Jersey. His mother Mae was a bookkeeper born in Lower Manhattan. His father Benjamin Robinson was an entrepreneur who emigrated from Western Russia, near the Baltic states, in 1895. The couple opened the first theater in Trenton. Ben Robinson immigrated to the United States to avoid conscription in the Russian Empire, which would have lasted 25 years, and antisemitism in Russia. He was of Jewish background. He attended Columbia University for 2.5 years before leaving to focus on comics. Career 1939–1943 Robinson was a 17-year-old journal ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
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