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Letter Of 40 Intellectuals
The Letter of 40 intellectuals, also The letter of 40 ( et, Neljakümne kiri), originally A public letter from Estonian SSR ( et, Avalik kiri Eesti NSV-st) was a public letter dated October 28, 1980 and posted a week later, in which 40 intellectuals attempted to defend the Estonian language and expressed their protest against the recklessness of the Republic-level government in dealing with youth protests that were sparked a week earlier due to the banning of a public performance of the band Propeller. The real reasons were much more deep-seated, and had to do primarily with the Russification policies of the Kremlin in occupied Estonia. The letter was addressed to the newspapers ''Pravda'', ''Rahva Hääl'' and '' Sovetskaya Estoniya''. None of these nor any other Soviet publication printed the letter. Copies of the letter were however widely distributed through self-publishing. Publication The letter was first published abroad on December 10, 1980 in ''Eesti Päevaleht'' (Stock ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Estonian SSR
The Estonian SSR,, russian: Эстонская ССР officially the Estonian Soviet Socialist Republic,, russian: Эстонская Советская Социалистическая Республика was an ethnically based administrative subdivision of the former Soviet Union (USSR) covering the occupied and annexed territory of Estonia in 1940–1941 and 1944–1991. The Estonian SSR was nominally established to replace the until then independent Republic of Estonia on 21 July 1940, a month after the 16–17 June 1940 Soviet military invasion and occupation of the country during World War II. After the installation of a Stalinist government which, backed by the occupying Soviet Red Army, declared Estonia a Soviet constituency, the Estonian SSR was subsequently incorporated into the Soviet Union as a "union republic" on 6 August 1940. Estonia was occupied by Nazi Germany in 1941, and administered as a part of ''Reichskommissariat Ostland'' until it was reconquere ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Jaan Kaplinski
Jaan Kaplinski (22 January 1941 – 8 August 2021 ) was an Estonian poet, philosopher, politician, and culture critic, known for his focus on global issues and support for left-wing/liberal thinking. He was influenced by Eastern philosophical schools (Taoism and especially Buddhism). He worked as a translator, editor, and sociologist and as an ecologist at the Tallinn Botanic Garden. He was nominated for the Nobel Prize in Literature. Early life and education Kaplinski was born 22 January 1941 in Tartu to Polish teacher Jerzy Kaplinski and Estonian dancer Nora Raudsepp-Kaplinski. He studied Romance language and linguistics at the University of Tartu, graduating as a French philologist in 1964. Career Kaplinski worked as a translator, editor, and sociologist, and ecologist at the Tallinn Botanic Garden. Political career From 1992 to 1995 Kaplinski was a member of the Riigikogu (the Estonian parliament). He was originally a candidate on the Centre Party list, but soon became ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Heino Kiik
Heino Kiik (14 May 1927 Avinurme – 22 February 2013) was an Estonian writer and journalist. He studied agronomy at the University of Tartu The University of Tartu (UT; et, Tartu Ülikool; la, Universitas Tartuensis) is a university in the city of Tartu in Estonia. It is the national university of Estonia. It is the only classical university in the country, and also its biggest ... and the Estonian University of Life Sciences, Estonian Agricultural Academy. Later he studied at the Maxim Gorky Literature Institute in Moscow. Works * "Metsiku taltsutamine" (1965) * "Mõedaku eelpäev" (1966) * "Tondiöömaja" (1970) * "Taimetark I-III" (1968–1986) * novel "Arve Jomm" (1971–1990) * play "Tütarlaps ja teised" (1974) * "Maailma viljad" (1982–1986) * "Elupadrik" (1986) * "Mind armastas jaapanlanna" (I part 1987, II part 1990, III part 1992) * "Maria Siberimaal" (1988) * "Aasta 1988" (Tallinn, Õllu 1990) * ""Kupra" lõhenemine (aasta 1989)" (Tallinn, Õllu 1992) * "Ki ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Peet Kask
Peet Kask (born 21 February 1948) is an Estonian physicist, political scientist and former politician, most notable for voting for the Estonian restoration of Independence. Kask graduated from the University of Tartu in 1971 with a degree in physics. He defended his dissertation in 1975. He studied politics at Columbia University from 1993 to 1994. He worked at the National Institute of Chemical Physics and Biophysics from its creation until 1990. His field of research is fluorescence-based detection techniques for molecules. He is one of the largest owners of patents in Estonia. Kask helped with many of the findings of the application of the German company Evotech-Technologies products. At the end of 2006, the US company PerkinElmer bought Evotech-Technologies. Political activity Kask was a co-author of the letter of 40 intellectuals. He was a member of the Estonian Congress and the Supreme Soviet of Estonia from 1990 to 1992, and a member of the Constitutional Assembly fr ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Toomas Kall
Toomas Kall (pseudonym Uku-Ralf Tobi; born on 16 October 1947 in Tallinn) is an Estonian humorist, caricaturist, writer, scenarist and translator. Career 1966-1969 he studied history, and 1970-1972 Estonian philology at Tartu State University. From 1971 until 1978, he worked at the newspaper '' Sirp ja Vasar''. From 1980 until 1987, he worked at Vanalinnastuudio. From 1990 until 1994, he was the chief editor of the newspaper ''Sirp''. Since 1994 he is a freelancer. He has also worked as a film and television screenwriter. In 1980, Kall was a signatory of the Letter of 40 intellectuals; a public letter in which 40 intellectuals attempted to defend the Estonian language and expressed their protest against the recklessness of the Republic-level government in dealing with youth protests that were sparked a week earlier due to the banning of a public performance of the band Propeller. The real reasons were much more deep-seated, and had to do primarily with the Russification policies of ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Tõnu Kaljuste
Tõnu Kaljuste (born August 28, 1953) is an Estonian conductor. Born in Tallinn, Kaljuste is the son of Heino Kaljuste (1925–1989), an Estonian choral conductor, and Lia Kaljuste, a radio journalist. Tõnu sang in his father's choirs as a child, and graduated from the Tallinn Music High School (''Tallinna Muusikakeskkool'') in 1971. He completed a graduate degree at the Tallinn Conservatory in 1976, studying with Jüri Variste and Roman Matsov, and continued as a postgraduate at the Leningrad Conservatory until 1978. Kaljuste took his father's role as leader of the Ellerhein Chamber choir in 1974, an ensemble that performed choral works ranging from Renaissance music to contemporary avant-garde music. He was professor of choral conducting at the Tallinn Conservatory from 1978 to 1980, and won the Best Conductor prize at the 1980 Béla Bartók International Choral Competition. With financial support from the Estonian government, Kaljuste turned the Ellerhein Chamber Choir into ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Maie Kalda
Maie Kalda (19 June 1929 – 8 November 2013) was an Estonian literary scholar and critic. Kalda was born in Väike-Maarja, the daughter of the writer Madde Kalda. In 1956 she graduated from Tartu State University in Estonian philology. Since 1956 she worked at Estonian SSR Academy of Sciences' Institute of Language and Literature, and its successor Under and Tuglas Literature Centre. In 1980, she was one of the signatories of the Letter of 40 intellectuals. In 2001 she was awarded the Order of the White Star The Order of the White Star ( et, Valgetähe teenetemärk; french: Ordre de l'Etoile Blanche) was instituted in 1936. The Order of the White Star is bestowed on Estonia Estonia, formally the Republic of Estonia, is a country by the Baltic ..., IV class. Works * "History of Estonian Literature" (1965-1991). One of the authors * monograph "Debora ja vennad". Tallinn-Tartu: The Research Group of Cultural and Literary Theory, 2010, 472 pp. bout Debora Vaarandi. ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Aira Kaal
Aira Kaal (until 1938 ''Alma-Vilhelmine Kaal'', from 1939 ''Aira Hone''; 7 November 1911, in Uuemõisa Parish, Saare County – 7 April 1988) was an Estonia Estonia, formally the Republic of Estonia, is a country by the Baltic Sea in Northern Europe. It is bordered to the north by the Gulf of Finland across from Finland, to the west by the sea across from Sweden, to the south by Latvia, a ...n writer. From 1931 to 1940, she studied at the University of Tartu, focusing on philosophy, but also learning Estonian literature, world literature and English. From 1938 to 1939, she worked in Great Britain, where she met her husband Arthur Robert Hone, with whom she returned to Estonia. From 1945 to 1950, she was a lecturer at Tartu State University, teaching the foundations of Marxism-Leninism. In 1980, she was one of the signatories of the " Letter of 40 intellectuals". Works * 1966-1978: prose trilogy "Kodunurga laastud" ('Short Accounts on the Home Corner', 1966, 197 ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Fred Jüssi
Fred Jüssi (born January 29, 1935) is an Estonian biologist, nature writer and photographer. Jüssi was born in Aruba, Netherlands Antilles, where his father worked for a Venezuelan oil company. His family returned to Estonia and settled in Tallinn when Jüssi was 3 years old. After finishing high school in Tallinn he studied biology and zoology at the University of Tartu, graduating in 1958. He has worked as a school teacher (from 1958 to 1960 in Emmaste, Hiiumaa), as inspector for nature protection (1962–1975), radio broadcaster for Eesti Raadio, freelance writer and nature campaigner. In Eesti Raadio he ran the program ''Looduse aabits'' (ABC book of nature) from 1976 to 1986. In October 1980, Jüssi was a signatory of the Letter of 40 Intellectuals, a public letter in which forty prominent Estonian intellectuals defended the Estonian language and protested the Russification policies of the Kremlin in Estonia. The signatories also expressed their unease against Republi ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Mati Hint
Mati Hint (28 August 1937 – 5 December 2019) was an Estonian linguist and politician. He was a member of VII Riigikogu VII Riigikogu was the seventh legislature of Estonian Parliament (Riigikogu). The legislature was elected after 1992 election, the first after the Estonian Restoration of Independence. Election results Results: Officers Speaker of the Riigikog .... References {{DEFAULTSORT:Hint, Mati 1937 births 2019 deaths Linguists from Estonia Members of the Riigikogu, 1992–1995 ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Lehte Hainsalu
Lehte Hainsalu (married name Lehte Sööt; born 31 October 1938, Haaslava Parish, Tartu County) is an Estonian writer, poet and politician. In 1961 she graduated from Tartu State University, studied Estonian philology. After graduation, she worked at the newspaper ''Edasi'', at the Tartu Widget Factory ( et, Tartu Aparaaditehas), and at Eesti Televisioon studios in Tartu. From 1981 to 1990, she was the head of Tartu division of Estonian Writers' Union. In 1980, she signed in Letter of 40 intellectuals The Letter of 40 intellectuals, also The letter of 40 ( et, Neljakümne kiri), originally A public letter from Estonian SSR ( et, Avalik kiri Eesti NSV-st) was a public letter dated October 28, 1980 and posted a week later, in which 40 intellectual .... She has won many awards, e.g. Tuglas Short Story Prize (1987), the Karl Eduard Sööt Prize for Children's Poetry (1992, 2015). Works * 1957: poetry collection "Sõnajala õis" * 1967: novel "Pigilinnu laul" * 1980: poetry coll ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Madis Aruja
Madis Aruja (16 January 1936, Kuigatsi, Otepää Parish – 12 March 1995, Tallinn) was an Estonian conservationist, geographer and ski-orienteer. He worked in the fields of nature conservation and fish protection in the Estonian SSR before being fired for speaking out against the Estonian Soviet government. He was also an accomplished ski-orienteer. Biography In 1954, Aruja graduated from Jõgeva Secondary School and from the Department of Geography from the University of Tartu in 1963. From 1963, Aruja worked in the field of nature conservation and fish protection. From 1963 to 1981, he worked as Senior Inspector of the Estonian SSR Ministry of Forestry and Nature Protection, was a member of the Nature Protection Board from 1963 to 1967, and in 1967, was made Deputy Head of the Nature Protection Government. In 1980, Aruja was one of the signatories of the Letter of 40 Intellectuals. As a result, he lost his job from the Nature Protection Government. From 1982 to 1992, he worke ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
