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Lesbians In Nazi Germany
In Nazi Germany, lesbians who were sent to concentration camps were often categorized as "asocial", if they had not been otherwise targeted based on their ethnicity or political stances. Female homosexuality was criminalized in Austria, but not other parts of Nazi Germany. Because of the relative lack of interest of the Nazi state in female homosexuality compared to male homosexuality, there are fewer sources to document the situations of lesbians in Nazi Germany. Background In Berlin, lesbian bars and night clubs opened up in the aftermath of the First World War. Notable amongst them was the '' Mali und Igel,'' run by entrepreneur Elsa Conrad. Inside the bar was a club called '' Monbijou des Westens.'' The club was exclusive and catered for Berlin's lesbian intellectual elite; one famous guest was the actress Marlene Dietrich. Each year the club hosted balls with up to 600 women in attendance. A campaign to close all homosexual bars, including lesbian ones, began in March 1933. ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Memorial To Homosexuals Persecuted Under Nazism
The Memorial to Homosexuals persecuted under Nazism (german: Denkmal für die im Nationalsozialismus verfolgten Homosexuellen) in Berlin was opened on 27 May 2008. Design The memorial was designed by artists Michael Elmgreen and Ingar Dragset. The cuboid is made of concrete. On the front side of the cuboid is a window, through which visitors can see a short film of two kissing men. The work is the third of its kind in Germany following ''Frankfurter Engel'' (1994) in Frankfurt and '' Kölner Rosa Winkel'' (1995) in Cologne. The memorial was discussed by all parties in the Bundestag, which granted permission in 2003. Near the memorial is a signboard, which is written in German and English. There visitors can read over persecutions during Nazism and under Paragraph 175, the law during the 1950s and 1960s that outlawed homosexuality. It was reformed in 1969, attenuated in 1973 and finally voided in 1994. History Gay victims of Nazism were not officially recognised in th ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Lesbian History
Lesbianism is the sexual and romantic desire between women. There are historically far fewer mentions of lesbianism than male homosexuality, due to many historical writings and records focusing primarily on men. Ancient Egypt Homosexuality in ancient Egypt between women is less often recorded, or alluded to, in documents and other artifacts as compared to homosexuality among men, but it does appear in such document. The ''Dream Book'' of the Carlsberg papyrus XIII claims that "If a woman dreams that a woman has intercourse with her, she will come to a bad end." Depictions of women during the New Kingdom suggest they enjoyed, in a relaxed and intimate atmosphere, the company of other women who were scantily clad or naked. Some cosmetics-related items, which may have been owned and used by women, feature nude and suggestive depictions of women. Ancient Greece Evidence of female homosexuality in the ancient Greek world is limited. Most surviving sources from the classical period co ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
History Of Women In Germany
The history of Germanic women covers gender roles, personalities and movements from medieval times to the present in German-speaking lands. Medieval The Ottonian queens and empresses (including Matilda of Ringelheim, Adelaide of Italy, Theophanu, Cunigunde of Luxembourg) were among the most powerful women of the entire Middle Age. The Salian empresses, although not as visible (due to certain circumstances), were also powerful. The most notable and talented was perhaps Gisela of Swabia. Abbesses, especially those of Imperial abbeys wielded tremendous power, with influence encompassing spiritual, economic, political and intellectual realms. Matilda of Quedlinburg and Matilda of Quedlinburg were notable examples. Matilda of Quedlinburg formed a triad of regents with Adelaide of Italy and Theophanu in Otto III's reign when Matilda of Essen wielded great political power while being one of the most prominent patrons of arts of the time as well. The following centuries witnessed wo ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
