|
Les Trois Glorieuses
"" was the anthem of the People's Republic of the Congo from January 1, 1970 through 1991, when the original anthem, "La Congolaise", was restored. The anthem was named after a three-day uprising in 1963 that resulted in the overthrow of the first President, Fulbert Youlou Abbé Fulbert Youlou (29 June,In ''African Powder Keg: Revolt and Dissent in Six Emergent Nations'', author Ronald Matthews lists Youlou's date of birth as 9 June 1917. This date is also listed in ''Annuaire parlementaire des États d'Afrique noi .... The lyrics were written by Henri Lopès, and the music was composed by Philippe Mockouamy. Mockouamy was at the time a colonel in the Congolese Army and served in its main military band from 1970 to 1990. Lyrics Notes References ''Congo, Republic of'' "Les Trois Glorieuses" {{National anthems of Africa History of the Republic of the Congo Republic of the Congo music Historical national anthems National symbols of the Republic of the Congo Africa ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Trois Glorieuses (1963)
The ''Trois Glorieuses'' (Three Glorious Days) was an uprising in Congo-Brazzaville which occurred from August 13 to 15, 1963. The uprising ended the rule of the first Congolese President, Fulbert Youlou, as the opposition trade union movement and Congolese Youth Union struck an alliance with the army. Background Congo-Brazzaville had become independent in 1960. The rule of the first president, Fulbert Youlou, developed in an increasingly authoritarian direction. During a tour of Haut-Congo in August 1962, Youlou proposed turning Congo into a one-party state, led by his party UDDIA. At the time, other political parties had ceased to function as an effective opposition, whilst the trade union movement CGAT and the Congolese Youth Union (two groups singled out by Youlou as ' communists') had suffered crackdowns. Youlou's party was dominated by his ethnic group, the Brazzaville based Lari, and as such they dominated much of Congolese society and industry at the time. Youlou's incr ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
People's Republic Of Congo
The People's Republic of the Congo (french: République populaire du Congo) was a Marxist–Leninist socialist state that existed in the Republic of the Congo from 1969 to 1992. The People's Republic of the Congo was founded in December 1969 as the first Marxist-Leninist state in Africa three months after the government of Alphonse Massamba-Débat was overthrown in the September 1968 coup d'état. The ruling Congolese Party of Labour (french: Parti congolais du travail, ''PCT'') appointed Marien Ngouabi as president who established the Congo as a one-party communist government aligned with the Soviet Union. Ngouabi was assassinated in 1977 and succeeded by Joachim Yhombi-Opango until he was overthrown in 1979. Denis Sassou Nguesso succeeded Yhombi-Opango, confirmed the PCT's rule in the Congo with a new constitution, formed closer relations with France, and allowed greater foreign investment in the country. The People's Republic of the Congo transitioned into a capitalist mult ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
La Congolaise
"" (, ) is the national anthem of the Republic of the Congo. It was adopted upon independence from France in 1959, replaced in 1969 by "Les Trois Glorieuses "" was the anthem of the People's Republic of the Congo from January 1, 1970 through 1991, when the original anthem, "La Congolaise", was restored. The anthem was named after a three-day uprising in 1963 that resulted in the overthrow of the ..." but reinstated in 1991. The lyrics were written by Jacques Tondra and Georges Kibanghi, and the music was composed by Jean Royer and Joseph Spadilière.''La Semaine africaine'' 378, 29 November 1959, cited by Silvère NGOUNDOS IDOURAH and Nicole DOCKES-LALLEMENT, ''Justice et pouvoir au Congo-Brazzaville, 1958–1992, la confusion des rôles'', L'Harmattan, Paris, 2001, , 9782747513197 Lyrics References External links Republic of the Congo: ''La Congolaise'' - Audio of the national anthem of the Republic of the Congo, with information and lyrics [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
National Anthem
A national anthem is a patriotic musical composition symbolizing and evoking eulogies of the history and traditions of a country or nation. The majority of national anthems are marches or hymns in style. American, Central Asian, and European nations tend towards more ornate and operatic pieces, while those in the Middle East, Oceania, Africa, and the Caribbean use a more simplistic fanfare. Some countries that are devolved into multiple constituent states have their own official musical compositions for them (such as with the United Kingdom, Russia, and the former Soviet Union); their constituencies' songs are sometimes referred to as national anthems even though they are not sovereign states. History In the early modern period, some European monarchies adopted royal anthems. Some of these anthems have survived into current use. "God Save the King/Queen", first performed in 1619, remains the royal anthem of the United Kingdom and the Commonwealth realms. , adopted as th ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
People's Republic Of The Congo
The People's Republic of the Congo (french: République populaire du Congo) was a Marxist–Leninist socialist state that existed in the Republic of the Congo from 1969 to 1992. The People's Republic of the Congo was founded in December 1969 as the first Marxist-Leninist state in Africa three months after the government of Alphonse Massamba-Débat was overthrown in the September 1968 coup d'état. The ruling Congolese Party of Labour (french: Parti congolais du travail, ''PCT'') appointed Marien Ngouabi as president who established the Congo as a one-party communist government aligned with the Soviet Union. Ngouabi was assassinated in 1977 and succeeded by Joachim Yhombi-Opango until he was overthrown in 1979. Denis Sassou Nguesso succeeded Yhombi-Opango, confirmed the PCT's rule in the Congo with a new constitution, formed closer relations with France, and allowed greater foreign investment in the country. The People's Republic of the Congo transitioned into a capitalist mult ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Coup D'état
A coup d'état (; French for 'stroke of state'), also known as a coup or overthrow, is a seizure and removal of a government and its powers. Typically, it is an illegal seizure of power by a political faction, politician, cult, rebel group, military, or a dictator. Many scholars consider a coup successful when the usurpers seize and hold power for at least seven days. Etymology The term comes from French ''coup d'État'', literally meaning a 'stroke of state' or 'blow of state'. In French, the word ''État'' () is capitalized when it denotes a sovereign political entity. Although the concept of a coup d'état has featured in politics since antiquity, the phrase is of relatively recent coinage.Julius Caesar's civil war, 5 January 49 BC. It did not appear within an English text before the 19th century except when used in the translation of a French source, there being no simple phrase in English to convey the contextualized idea of a 'knockout blow to the existing administratio ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
List Of Presidents Of The Republic Of The Congo
This is a list of presidents of the Republic of the Congo since the formation of the post of president in 1960, to the present day. A total of six people have served as President of the Republic of the Congo (not counting one acting/interim head of state and two collective presidencies). Additionally, one person, Denis Sassou Nguesso, has served on two non-consecutive occasions. Key ;Political parties * * * * ;Other factions * ;Status * List of officeholders Notes Timeline Latest election See also * Politics of the Republic of the Congo * List of prime ministers of the Republic of the Congo * Vice President of the Republic of the Congo References External linksWorld Statesmen (Congo-Brazzaville) {{Heads of state and government of Africa * Republic of the Congo Presidents Presidents Presidents Presidents President most commonly refers to: *President (corporate title) *President (education), a leader of a college or university *President (government title ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Fulbert Youlou
Abbé Fulbert Youlou (29 June,In ''African Powder Keg: Revolt and Dissent in Six Emergent Nations'', author Ronald Matthews lists Youlou's date of birth as 9 June 1917. This date is also listed in ''Annuaire parlementaire des États d'Afrique noire, Députés et conseillers économiques des républiques d'expression française'' (1962). ; 17 JuneIn ''Africana: The Encyclopedia of the African and African-American Experience'', Henry Louis Gates, Jr. and K. Anthony Appiah list Youlou's date of birth as 17 June 1917. or 19 July 1917The ''Encyclopedia of World Biography'' by Gale Research Company lists Youlou's date of birth as 19 July 1917. – 6 May 1972) was a laicized Brazzaville- Congolese Roman Catholic priest, nationalist leader and politician, who became the first President of the Republic of the Congo on its independence. In August 1960, he led his country into independence. In December 1960 he organised an intercontinental conference in Brazzaville, in the course of wh ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Armed Forces Of The Republic Of The Congo
The Armed Forces of the Republic of the Congo (french: Forces armées de la République du Congo), also less formally denoted as the ''Forces armées congolaises'' or its acronym FAC, are the military forces of the Republic of the Congo. They consist of the Congolese Army, the Congolese Air Force, the , and the . The dissolution of French Equatorial Africa in 1958, and France's impending military withdrawal from the Congo in August 1960, provided the impetuous for the formation of the FAC. The FAC and state paramilitary agencies are headed by an ''Armed Forces Chief of General Staff'', usually appointed by the President of the Republic of the Congo. Major General Guy Blanchard Okoï has served as chief of staff since 2012. History The Congolese military was created on January 16, 1961, and reflected the nature of the colonial security forces, which recruited among the country's northern ethnic groups and were staffed by junior Bakongo officers and a handful of French senior com ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
History Of The Republic Of The Congo
The history of the Republic of the Congo has been marked by diverse civilisations: indigenous, French and post-independence. Bantus and Forest Peoples The earliest inhabitants of the region comprising present-day Congo were the Forest peoples whose Stone Age culture was slowly replaced by Bantu tribes. The main Bantu tribe living in the region were the Kongo, also known as Bakongo, who established mostly unstable kingdoms along the mouth, north and south of the Congo River. The capital of this Kongolese kingdom, Mbanza Kongo, later baptized as São Salvador by the Portuguese, is a town in northern Angola near the border with the DRC. From the capital they ruled over an empire encompassing large parts of present-day Angola, the Republic of the Congo and the Democratic Republic of the Congo. They ruled over nearby tributary states, often by appointing sons of the Kongo kings to head these states. It had six so-called provinces called Mpemba, Soyo, Mbamba, Mbata, Nsundi and M ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Republic Of The Congo Music
A republic () is a "state in which power rests with the people or their representatives; specifically a state without a monarchy" and also a "government, or system of government, of such a state." Previously, especially in the 17th and 18th centuries, the term was used to imply a state with a democratic or representative constitution (constitutional republic), but more recently it has also been used of autocratic or dictatorial states not ruled by a monarch. It is now chiefly used to denote any non-monarchical state headed by an elected or appointed president. , 159 of the world's 206 sovereign states use the word "republic" as part of their official names. Not all of these are republics in the sense of having elected governments, nor is the word "republic" used in the names of all states with elected governments. The word ''republic'' comes from the Latin term ''res publica'', which literally means "public thing", "public matter", or "public affair" and was used to refer ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Historical National Anthems
Below is a list of various national anthems which, at some point in time, were the de jure or de facto anthems of various contemporary or historical states. List }). , - , Afghanistan , " Soroud-e-Melli" , "National Anthem" , 1992–19992002–2006 , , , , align=center, Also known by the title of "Qal’a-ye Islam, qalb-e Asiya" ( en, "Fortress of Islam, heart of Asia"); its incipit. , - , , " Soroud-e-Melli" , "National Anthem" , 2006–2021 , , , , align=center, — , - , , " Haykakan SSH orhnerg" Armenian: "Հայկական ՍՍՀ օրհներգ" , "Anthem of the Armenian SSR" , 1944–1991 , Sarmen , , , align=center, — , - , , "Gott erhalte Franz den Kaiser" , "God Save Emperor Francis" , 1797–18351848–1854 , , , , align=center, , - , , " Segen Öst'reichs hohem Sohne" , "Blessings to Austria's high son" , 1835–1848 , , , , align=center, , - , , " Volkshymne" , "Anthem of the People" (literally "People's Hymn") , 1854–1867 , , , , align=cent ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
.JPG "Click for more on -> List Of Presidents Of The Republic Of The Congo")
