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Leonid Toptunov
Leonid Fedorovych Toptunov ( uk, Леонід Федорович Топтунов, russian: Леонид Фёдорович Топтунов; 16 August 1960 – 14 May 1986) was a Soviet engineer who was the senior reactor control chief engineer at the Chernobyl Nuclear Power Plant Reactor Unit 4 on the night of the Chernobyl disaster, 26 April 1986. Early life Leonid Toptunov was born on 16 August 1960 in Mykolaivka, Buryn Raion, Sumy Oblast. His father was involved in the Soviet space program and during his childhood, he was surrounded by scientists and engineers.Higginbotham, A. (2019). ''Midnight in Chernobyl: The Untold Story of the World's Greatest Nuclear Disaster''. London: Bantam Press. pages 50-55 In 1983, he graduated from the Obninsk Institute for Nuclear Power Engineering, with a specialist degree in nuclear power plant engineering. Chernobyl In March 1983, Toptunov began his career at the Chernobyl Nuclear Power Plant. During his studies of the reactor documentat ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Mykolaivka, Sumy Oblast
Mykolaivka ( uk, Миколаївка), previously Mykolaivka-Vyrivska (until 1957) and later Zhovtneve (1957-2016) is an urban type settlement in Sumy Raion of Sumy Oblast (province) in eastern Ukraine. Population: History During World War II it was under German occupation. Urban-type settlement since 1957. In January 1989 the population was 4768 people. In January 2013 the population was 4350 people. The settlement was called Zhovtneve, to commemorate the October Revolution, until 2016. On 19 May 2016, Verkhovna Rada The Verkhovna Rada of Ukraine ( uk, Верхо́вна Ра́да Украї́ни, translit=, Verkhovna Rada Ukrainy, translation=Supreme Council of Ukraine, Ukrainian abbreviation ''ВРУ''), often simply Verkhovna Rada or just Rada, is the ... adopted decision to rename Chervone to Esman according to the law prohibiting names of Communist origin. References Urban-type settlements in Sumy Raion {{Sumy-geo-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Anatoly Dyatlov
Anatoly Stepanovich Dyatlov (russian: Анатолий Степанович Дятлов, uk, Анатолій Степанович Дятлов; 3 March 1931 – 13 December 1995) was a Soviet engineer who was the deputy chief engineer for the Chernobyl Nuclear Power Plant. He supervised the safety test which resulted in the 1986 Chernobyl disaster, for which he served time in prison as he was blamed for not following the safety protocols. He was released due to health concerns in 1990. Later investigations found that reactor design flaws were a more significant factor than operator error, although some safety procedures were not followed. Biography Dyatlov was born in 1931 in Krasnoyarsk Krai, Russian Soviet Federative Socialist Republic. His parents were poor; they lived near the Yenisei River and the penal settlements of Krasnoyarsk. He ran away from home at the age of 14. He first studied in a vocational school, at the electrical engineering department of the Mining and Met ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Robert Emms
Robert Emms (born Robert James MacPherson; 20 May 1986) is an English film, stage and television actor, known for portraying Pythagoras in the BBC One fantasy-adventure series ''Atlantis'', and Leonid Toptunov in HBO's Miniseries ''Chernobyl''. Early life Emms was born in Horley, Surrey, England. He went to a local secondary school, Oakwood School, Horley. He studied at the BRIT School for Performing Arts and Technology from 2002 to 2004, and then the London Academy of Music and Dramatic Art (LAMDA) from 2004 to 2007. Career In March 2009 Emms played the lead role of Albert in the National Theatre's production of '' War Horse''. After Steven Spielberg saw him in '' War Horse'' at the New London Theatre, he was cast as David Lyons in Spielberg's film adaptation of the play. In June 2011 ''Screen International'' named him as a 'Star of Tomorrow'. His other film work includes ''Kick Ass 2'' alongside Jim Carrey, and Rick ‘Broken’ Buckley in Broken directed by Rufus Norri ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Surviving Disaster
''Surviving Disaster'' is a 2006 BBC, Discovery Channel, and ProSieben co-production documentary-drama series about disasters in the 20th century, starring people who survived them. It was produced in association with France 5. It is narrated by Bernard Hill. Episodes # "Munich Air Crash" – 1958 Munich air disaster # "Eruption at Mount St. Helens" – 1980 eruption of Mount St. Helens # "Chernobyl Nuclear Disaster" – 1986 Chernobyl disaster (This episode is commonly referred to as "BBC's Chernobyl" in discussion, to compare and differentiate it from HBO's ''Chernobyl'', which it is frequently compared to) # "San Francisco Earthquake" – 1989 Loma Prieta earthquake # "Fastnet Yacht Race" – 1979 Fastnet race The 1979 Fastnet Race was the 28th Royal Ocean Racing Club's Fastnet Race, a yachting race held generally every two years since 1925 on a 605-mile course from Cowes direct to the Fastnet Rock and then to Plymouth via south of the Isles of S ... # "Iran Hos ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Michael Colgan (actor)
Michael Colgan (born Michael Hughes) is a Northern Irish actor and novelist. Born in Keady, County Armagh, Colgan was educated at Saint Patrick's Grammar School, Armagh and Corpus Christi College, Oxford, where he read English. He studied at l'École Internationale de Théâtre Jacques Lecoq in Paris and now lives in London. A notable early performance in Saint Patrick's Grammar School, Armagh was the role of Harpagon in Molière's ''L'Avare'', which was performed entirely in French. After theatre school in Paris he went back to Ireland to work with hi He starred in the 2002 feature film ''This Is Not a Love Song'' directed by Bille Eltringham. He also spent a year working in the Abbey Theatre in Dublin and has appeared in several television productions, including ''Rebel Heart'' and ''Sunday'' (2002) for the BBC. Colgan has worked at the Royal Shakespeare Company and in productions at the Royal Exchange, the Abbey Theatre, the Lyric Players' Theatre, Belfast, the Everyman T ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Zero Hour (2004 TV Series)
''Zero Hour'' is a documentary-style television series. It aired on History Television in Canada, on the BBC in the United Kingdom, and on The History Channel in the United States. ''Zero Hour'' has also aired on Channel Seven in Australia (third series aired on Network Ten from 1 May 2010 and now plays on 7mate); on Discovery Channel in Africa, Asia, New Zealand, Brazil, and the Netherlands. The program focuses on retelling the details of tragic man-made disasters which each unfolded in less than an hour. Three narrators were used over the three seasons, David Morrissey, Paul McGann and Sean Pertwee. Certain episodes have been partially censored for particular broadcasts. One example is the Columbine High School massacre episode, which had some scenes cut (for intense violence, profanity, and racist slurs) when broadcast on Discovery Channel. From 1 September 2014 to 1 March 2016, all episodes were available for streaming on Netflix. They can still be viewed on Amazon Video ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Viktor Yushchenko
Viktor Andriyovych Yushchenko ( uk, Віктор Андрійович Ющенко, ; born 23 February 1954) is a Ukrainian politician who was the third president of Ukraine from 23 January 2005 to 25 February 2010. As an informal leader of the Ukrainian opposition coalition, he was one of the two main candidates in the 2004 Ukrainian presidential election. Yushchenko won the presidency through a repeat runoff election between him and Prime Minister Viktor Yanukovych. The Ukrainian Supreme Court called for the runoff election to be repeated because of widespread electoral fraud in favor of Yanukovych in the original vote. Yushchenko won in the revote (52% to 44%). Public protests prompted by the electoral fraud played a major role in that presidential election and led to Ukraine's Orange Revolution. Following an assassination attempt in late 2004 during his election campaign, Yushchenko was confirmed to have ingested hazardous amounts of 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzodioxin (TCD ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
IAEA
The International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA) is an intergovernmental organization that seeks to promote the peaceful use of nuclear energy and to inhibit its use for any military purpose, including nuclear weapons. It was established in 1957 as an autonomous organization within the United Nations system; though governed by its own founding treaty, the organization reports to both the General Assembly and the Security Council of the United Nations, and is headquartered at the UN Office at Vienna, Austria. The IAEA was created in response to growing international concern toward nuclear weapons, especially amid rising tensions between the foremost nuclear powers, the United States and the Soviet Union. U.S. President Dwight D. Eisenhower's " Atoms for Peace" speech, which called for the creation of an international organization to monitor the global proliferation of nuclear resources and technology, is credited with catalyzing the formation of the IAEA, whose treaty came into ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Mitinskoe Cemetery
Mitinskoe Cemetery (russian: Ми́тинское кла́дбище) is a cemetery located in Moscow's North-Western administrative district. It was established on September 15, 1978. A Russian Orthodox church, which was built in 1998, is located on its grounds and has been visited several times by Patriarch Alexius II. The cemetery has a total area of . The cemetery is the final resting place of firefighters and power plant workers who died while putting out the fires from the Chernobyl disaster, as well as eminent Soviet and Russian cultural, scientific, and military figures (including several Heroes of the Soviet Union and Russian Federation). Each year at 10 a.m. on 3 September, crowds gather at the cemetery and light thousands of candles in memory of the victims of the Beslan school hostage crisis The Beslan school siege (also referred to as the Beslan school hostage crisis or the Beslan massacre) was a terrorist attack that started on 1 September 2004, lasted three da ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Bone Marrow Transplant
Hematopoietic stem-cell transplantation (HSCT) is the transplantation of multipotent hematopoietic stem cells, usually derived from bone marrow, peripheral blood, or umbilical cord blood in order to replicate inside of a patient and to produce additional normal blood cells. It may be autologous (the patient's own stem cells are used), allogeneic (the stem cells come from a donor) or syngeneic (from an identical twin). It is most often performed for patients with certain cancers of the blood or bone marrow, such as multiple myeloma or leukemia. In these cases, the recipient's immune system is usually destroyed with radiation or chemotherapy before the transplantation. Infection and graft-versus-host disease are major complications of allogeneic HSCT. HSCT remains a dangerous procedure with many possible complications; it is reserved for patients with life-threatening diseases. As survival following the procedure has increased, its use has expanded beyond cancer to autoimmune ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Roentgen Equivalent Man
The roentgen equivalent man (rem) is a CGS unit of equivalent dose, effective dose, and committed dose, which are dose measures used to estimate potential health effects of low levels of ionizing radiation on the human body. Quantities measured in rem are designed to represent the stochastic biological risk of ionizing radiation, which is primarily radiation-induced cancer. These quantities are derived from absorbed dose, which in the CGS system has the unit rad. There is no universally applicable conversion constant from rad to rem; the conversion depends on relative biological effectiveness (RBE). The rem has been defined since 1976 as equal to 0.01 sievert, which is the more commonly used SI unit outside the United States. Earlier definitions going back to 1945 were derived from the roentgen unit, which was named after Wilhelm Röntgen, a German scientist who discovered X-rays. The unit name is misleading, since 1 roentgen actually deposits about 0.96 rem in soft biolo ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Radiation Dose
Ionizing radiation (or ionising radiation), including nuclear radiation, consists of subatomic particles or electromagnetic waves that have sufficient energy to ionize atoms or molecules by detaching electrons from them. Some particles can travel up to 99% of the speed of light, and the electromagnetic waves are on the high-energy portion of the electromagnetic spectrum. Gamma rays, X-rays, and the higher energy ultraviolet part of the electromagnetic spectrum are ionizing radiation, whereas the lower energy ultraviolet, visible light, nearly all types of laser light, infrared, microwaves, and radio waves are non-ionizing radiation. The boundary between ionizing and non-ionizing radiation in the ultraviolet area is not sharply defined, as different molecules and atoms ionize at different energies. The energy of ionizing radiation starts between 10 electronvolts (eV) and 33 eV. Typical ionizing subatomic particles include alpha particles, beta particles, and neutrons. Th ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
