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Leinkupal
''Leinkupal'' is a genus of diplodocine sauropod known from the Early Cretaceous ( Late Berriasian to Early Valanginian stage) of the Bajada Colorada Formation, southeastern Neuquén Basin in the Neuquén Province of Argentina. It contains a single species, ''Leinkupal laticauda''. History of discovery In 2010 and 2012, at Picún Leufu in Neuquén Province, remains were uncovered of several types of dinosaurs. One of these was a diplodocoid sauropod new to science. In 2014, the type species ''Leinkupal laticauda'' was named and described by Pablo Gallina, Sebastián Apesteguía, Alejandro Haluza and Juan Canale. The generic name combines the Mapudungun ''lein'', "vanishing", and ''kupal'', "family", in reference to ''Leinkupal'' being the last, or youngest, known species of the Diplodocidae. The specific name is derived from Latin, ''latus'', "wide", and ''cauda'', "tail", in reference to the broad caudal vertebrae. The holotype, MMCH-Pv 63-1, was found in a layer of the ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Leinkupal Quarry
''Leinkupal'' is a genus of diplodocine sauropod known from the Early Cretaceous ( Late Berriasian to Early Valanginian stage) of the Bajada Colorada Formation, southeastern Neuquén Basin in the Neuquén Province of Argentina. It contains a single species, ''Leinkupal laticauda''. History of discovery In 2010 and 2012, at Picún Leufu in Neuquén Province, remains were uncovered of several types of dinosaurs. One of these was a diplodocoid sauropod new to science. In 2014, the type species ''Leinkupal laticauda'' was named and described by Pablo Gallina, Sebastián Apesteguía, Alejandro Haluza and Juan Canale. The generic name combines the Mapudungun ''lein'', "vanishing", and ''kupal'', "family", in reference to ''Leinkupal'' being the last, or youngest, known species of the Diplodocidae. The specific name is derived from Latin, ''latus'', "wide", and ''cauda'', "tail", in reference to the broad caudal vertebrae. The holotype, MMCH-Pv 63-1, was found in a layer of the ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Leinkupal Laticauda
''Leinkupal'' is a genus of diplodocine sauropod known from the Early Cretaceous ( Late Berriasian to Early Valanginian stage) of the Bajada Colorada Formation, southeastern Neuquén Basin in the Neuquén Province of Argentina. It contains a single species, ''Leinkupal laticauda''. History of discovery In 2010 and 2012, at Picún Leufu in Neuquén Province, remains were uncovered of several types of dinosaurs. One of these was a diplodocoid sauropod new to science. In 2014, the type species ''Leinkupal laticauda'' was named and described by Pablo Gallina, Sebastián Apesteguía, Alejandro Haluza and Juan Canale. The generic name combines the Mapudungun ''lein'', "vanishing", and ''kupal'', "family", in reference to ''Leinkupal'' being the last, or youngest, known species of the Diplodocidae. The specific name is derived from Latin, ''latus'', "wide", and ''cauda'', "tail", in reference to the broad caudal vertebrae. The holotype, MMCH-Pv 63-1, was found in a layer o ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Diplodocine
Diplodocinae is an extinct subfamily of diplodocid sauropods that existed from the Late Jurassic to Early Cretaceous of North America, Europe, Africa and South America, about 161.2 to 136.4 million years ago. Genera within the subfamily include ''Tornieria'', '' Supersaurus'', ''Leinkupal'', ''Galeamopus'', ''Diplodocus'', and ''Barosaurus.'' Cladogram A cladogram (from Greek ''clados'' "branch" and ''gramma'' "character") is a diagram used in cladistics to show relations among organisms. A cladogram is not, however, an evolutionary tree because it does not show how ancestors are related to d ... of the Diplodocidae after Tschopp, Mateus, and Benson (2015). References Diplodocids Jurassic dinosaurs {{sauropodomorph-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Diplodocinae
Diplodocinae is an extinct subfamily of diplodocid sauropods that existed from the Late Jurassic to Early Cretaceous of North America, Europe, Africa and South America, about 161.2 to 136.4 million years ago. Genera within the subfamily include ''Tornieria'', '' Supersaurus'', ''Leinkupal'', ''Galeamopus'', ''Diplodocus'', and ''Barosaurus.'' Cladogram A cladogram (from Greek ''clados'' "branch" and ''gramma'' "character") is a diagram used in cladistics to show relations among organisms. A cladogram is not, however, an evolutionary tree because it does not show how ancestors are related to d ... of the Diplodocidae after Tschopp, Mateus, and Benson (2015). References Diplodocids Jurassic dinosaurs {{sauropodomorph-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Bajada Colorada Formation
The Bajada Colorada Formation is a geologic formation of the southern Neuquén Province in the Neuquén Basin of northern Patagonia, Argentina. The formation belongs to the Mendoza Group and is Late Berriasian to Early Valanginian in age. The formation is renowned for preserving fossil remains of '' Bajadasaurus pronuspinax'', a genus of dicraeosaurid dinosaurs named after the formation. Description The Bajada Colorada Formation, first defined by Roll in 1939, pertains to the Mendoza Group.Moyano Bohórquez, 2004 It overlies the Quintuco and Picún Leufú Formations and is overlain by the Agrio Formation. The contact with the Agrio Formation is discordant and the unconformity has been dated to 134 Ma.Leanza, 2005, p.151 The formation is laterally equivalent with the Mulichinco Formation.Howell et al., 2005, p.4 The formation comprises red and greenish-brown, fine to coarse grained conglomerates and thick-bedded sandstones with well developed bands of light brown siltstones ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Diplodocidae
Diplodocids, or members of the family Diplodocidae ("double beams"), are a group of sauropod dinosaurs. The family includes some of the longest creatures ever to walk the Earth, including ''Diplodocus'' and '' Supersaurus'', some of which may have reached lengths of up to . Description Diplodocids were generally large animals, even by sauropod standards. Thanks to their long necks and tails, diplodocids were among the longest sauropods, with some species such as ''Supersaurus vivianae'' and ''Diplodocus hallorum'' estimated to have reached lengths of or more. The heaviest diplodocids, such as ''Supersaurus'' and ''Apatosaurus'', may have weighed close to 40 tonnes. However, not all diplodocids were so large; the South American species ''Leinkupal laticauda'' was one of the smallest diplodocids, with an estimated length of only . Their heads, like those of other sauropods, were tiny with the nasal openings on the top of the head (though in life the nostrils themselves would have ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Diplodocoidea
Diplodocoidea is a superfamily of sauropod dinosaurs, which included some of the longest animals of all time, including slender giants like ''Supersaurus'', ''Diplodocus'', ''Apatosaurus'', and ''Amphicoelias''. Most had very long necks and long, whip-like tails; however, one family (the dicraeosaurids) are the only known sauropods to have re-evolved a short neck, presumably an adaptation for feeding low to the ground. This adaptation was taken to the extreme in the highly specialized sauropod ''Brachytrachelopan''. A study of snout shape and dental microwear in diplodocoids showed that the square snouts, large proportion of pits, and fine subparallel scratches in ''Apatosaurus'', ''Diplodocus'', ''Nigersaurus'', and ''Rebbachisaurus'' suggest ground-height nonselective browsing; the narrow snouts of ''Dicraeosaurus'', ''Suuwassea'', and ''Tornieria'' and the coarse scratches and gouges on the teeth of ''Dicraeosaurus'' suggest mid-height selective browsing in those taxa.John A. Wh ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Cladistic
Cladistics (; ) is an approach to biological classification in which organisms are categorized in groups (" clades") based on hypotheses of most recent common ancestry. The evidence for hypothesized relationships is typically shared derived characteristics ( synapomorphies'')'' that are not present in more distant groups and ancestors. However, from an empirical perspective, common ancestors are inferences based on a cladistic hypothesis of relationships of taxa whose character states can be observed. Theoretically, a last common ancestor and all its descendants constitute a (minimal) clade. Importantly, all descendants stay in their overarching ancestral clade. For example, if the terms ''worms'' or ''fishes'' were used within a ''strict'' cladistic framework, these terms would include humans. Many of these terms are normally used paraphyletically, outside of cladistics, e.g. as a 'grade', which are fruitless to precisely delineate, especially when including extinct species. R ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Holotype
A holotype is a single physical example (or illustration) of an organism, known to have been used when the species (or lower-ranked taxon) was formally described. It is either the single such physical example (or illustration) or one of several examples, but explicitly designated as the holotype. Under the International Code of Zoological Nomenclature (ICZN), a holotype is one of several kinds of name-bearing types. In the International Code of Nomenclature for algae, fungi, and plants (ICN) and ICZN, the definitions of types are similar in intent but not identical in terminology or underlying concept. For example, the holotype for the butterfly '' Plebejus idas longinus'' is a preserved specimen of that subspecies, held by the Museum of Comparative Zoology at Harvard University. In botany, an isotype is a duplicate of the holotype, where holotype and isotypes are often pieces from the same individual plant or samples from the same gathering. A holotype is not necessarily "typ ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Sister Species
In phylogenetics, a sister group or sister taxon, also called an adelphotaxon, comprises the closest relative(s) of another given unit in an evolutionary tree. Definition The expression is most easily illustrated by a cladogram: Taxon A and taxon B are sister groups to each other. Taxa A and B, together with any other extant or extinct descendants of their most recent common ancestor (MRCA), form a monophyletic group, the clade AB. Clade AB and taxon C are also sister groups. Taxa A, B, and C, together with all other descendants of their MRCA form the clade ABC. The whole clade ABC is itself a subtree of a larger tree which offers yet more sister group relationships, both among the leaves and among larger, more deeply rooted clades. The tree structure shown connects through its root to the rest of the universal tree of life. In cladistic standards, taxa A, B, and C may represent specimens, species, genera, or any other taxonomic units. If A and B are at the same taxonomic ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Tornieria
''Tornieria'' ("for Tornier") is a genus of diplodocid sauropod dinosaur from the Late Jurassic in Lindi Region of Tanzania. It has a convoluted taxonomic history. Discovery and naming In 1907, German paleontologist Eberhard Fraas who was working the Tendaguru Beds in German East Africa (presently Tanzania), discovered two sauropod specimens at a single site ("Quarry A"). The two individuals, designated "Skeleton A" and "Skeleton B", each represented a different sauropod species. In 1908 he named these respectively ''Gigantosaurus africanus'' ("African giant lizard") and ''G. robustus'' ("Robust giant lizard"). A third, unrelated African species, "Gigantosaurus" ''dixeyi'', was named by Haughton in 1928, and has since been reassigned to ''Malawisaurus''. However, the name ''Gigantosaurus'' had already been used for the European sauropod ''Gigantosaurus megalonyx'' Seeley, 1869. Fraas, not intending to place his species in the same genus as this English form, had believed that ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Africa
Africa is the world's second-largest and second-most populous continent, after Asia in both cases. At about 30.3 million km2 (11.7 million square miles) including adjacent islands, it covers 6% of Earth's total surface area and 20% of its land area.Sayre, April Pulley (1999), ''Africa'', Twenty-First Century Books. . With billion people as of , it accounts for about of the world's human population. Africa's population is the youngest amongst all the continents; the median age in 2012 was 19.7, when the worldwide median age was 30.4. Despite a wide range of natural resources, Africa is the least wealthy continent per capita and second-least wealthy by total wealth, behind Oceania. Scholars have attributed this to different factors including geography, climate, tribalism, colonialism, the Cold War, neocolonialism, lack of democracy, and corruption. Despite this low concentration of wealth, recent economic expansion and the large and young population make Afr ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
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