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Legiun Pakualaman
The ''Legiun Pakualaman'' (Pakualaman's Legion) was an army corps of the Pakualaman princely state of Yogyakarta, formed in 1813 during the reign of Paku Alam I. The force was initially formed not only as a symbol of pride for the newly formed state, but also as a reserve force for the British, and later also the Dutch, colonial governments. The legion was trained with a variety of European style warfare tactics, weaponry, and military ranks. The training was provided by European instructors, and the troop members received stipend from the colonial government. Members of the legion were recruited from the state residents, with the Pakualaman nobles as the legion commanders with the rank of Major or Colonel. The reigning dukes of Paku Alam automatically hold the rank of titular Colonel or Lieutenant Colonel. At the beginning and during the British colonial rule, the legion troops consisted of 100 light horsemen ( dragoon). During the Dutch colonial rule, the legion troops composi ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Army Corps
Corps (; plural ''corps'' ; from French , from the Latin "body") is a term used for several different kinds of organization. A military innovation by Napoleon I, the formation was first named as such in 1805. The size of a corps varies greatly, but from two to five divisions and anywhere from 40,000 to 80,000 are the numbers stated by the US Department of Defense. Within military terminology a corps may be: *an operational formation, sometimes known as a field corps, which consists of two or more divisions, such as the , later known as ("First Corps") of Napoleon I's ); *an administrative corps (or mustering) – that is a specialized branch of a military service (such as an artillery corps, a medical corps, or a force of military police) or; *in some cases, a distinct service within a national military (such as the United States Marine Corps). These usages often overlap. Corps may also be a generic term for a non-military organization, such as the US Peace Corps and ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Pakualaman
The Duchy of Pakualaman ( jv, ꦏꦢꦶꦥꦠꦺꦤ꧀ꦦꦏꦸꦮꦭꦩ꧀ꦩꦤ꧀, Kadipatèn Pakualaman; also written Paku Alaman; Dutch-spelling: Pakoe-alaman) is a minor Javanese princely state within the Sultanate of Yogyakarta.} It was created in 1812 when Natakusuma (later Duke Paku Alam I) was rewarded for helping the British quell the conflict in Yogyakarta in June 1812. It became the mirror-image of Mangkunegaran in the territory of the Surakarta Sunanate. A Pakualaman Corps of 100 cavalry (later 50 cavalry and 100 infantry) was established, but was never to become as significant as the Mangkunegaran Legion, and disbanded in 1892. Due to Paku Alam VIII's role in the Indonesian independence movement, a law was passed to allow the position of vice-governor of the Yogyakarta Special Region to be filled hereditarily by the reigning Duke Paku Alam at any particular time, while the Sultans of Yogyakarta fills the role of Governor on hereditary basis. Etymology The nam ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Vorstenlanden
The VorstenlandenEncarta-encyclopedie Winkler Prins (1993–2002) s.v. "Vorstenlanden". Microsoft Corporation/Het Spectrum. ( Dutch for 'princely lands' or 'princely states', ) were four native, princely states on the island of Java in the colonial Dutch East Indies. They were nominally self-governing vassals under suzerainty of the Kingdom of the Netherlands. Their political autonomy however became increasingly constrained by severe treaties and settlements. Two of these continue to exist as a princely territory within the current independent republic of Indonesia. The four Javanese princely states were: * Surakarta, a sunanate to the north * Yogyakarta, the sultanate to the south * Mangkunegaran, a principality to the east * Pakualaman, a small principality largely enclosed within the area of the Sultanate of Yogyakarta These princely territories were successor states to the Mataram Sultanate and originated in civil wars and wars of succession within the Javanese nobility. Th ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Yogyakarta
Yogyakarta (; jv, ꦔꦪꦺꦴꦒꦾꦏꦂꦠ ; pey, Jogjakarta) is the capital city of Special Region of Yogyakarta in Indonesia, in the south-central part of the island of Java. As the only Indonesian royal city still ruled by a monarchy, Yogyakarta is regarded as an important centre for classical Javanese fine arts and culture such as ballet, ''batik'' textiles, drama, literature, music, poetry, silversmithing, visual arts, and '' wayang'' puppetry. Renowned as a centre of Indonesian education, Yogyakarta is home to a large student population and dozens of schools and universities, including Gadjah Mada University, the country's largest institute of higher education and one of its most prestigious. Yogyakarta is the capital of the Yogyakarta Sultanate and served as the Indonesian capital from 1946 to 1948 during the Indonesian National Revolution, with Gedung Agung as the president's office. One of the districts in southeastern Yogyakarta, Kotagede, was the capital of t ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Paku Alam I
Paku Alam I, originally known as Natakusuma, was the first Duke (''Adipati'') of Pakualaman, rewarded for helping the British quell conflict in Yogyakarta in June 1812. Pakualaman became a small hereditary Duchy within the Sultanate of Yogyakarta, as a mirror-image of the Duchy of Mangkunegaran within the territory of the Susuhunanate of Surakarta. Paku Alam I ruled from 1812 to 1829, and was buried at Kota Gede. Subsequent list of rulers * Paku Alam II, 1829 – 1858 * Paku Alam III, 1858 – 1864 * Paku Alam IV, 1864 – 1878 * Paku Alam V, 1878 – 1900 * Paku Alam VI, 1901 – 1902 * Paku Alam VII, 1903 – 1938 * Paku Alam VIII, 1938 – 1999 * Paku Alam IX, 1999 – 2015 * Paku Alam X KGPAA Paku Alam X (born in Yogyakarta on 15 December 1962) is the Duke (''Adipati'') of Pakualaman, a small Javanese duchy in the Special Region of Yogyakarta, Indonesia. He succeeded as Paku Alam upon the death of the previous ruler, his father P ..., 2016 – Notes 1829 deaths D ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Dragoon
Dragoons were originally a class of mounted infantry, who used horses for mobility, but dismounted to fight on foot. From the early 17th century onward, dragoons were increasingly also employed as conventional cavalry and trained for combat with swords and firearms from horseback. While their use goes back to the late 16th century, dragoon regiments were established in most European armies during the 17th and early 18th centuries; they provided greater mobility than regular infantry but were far less expensive than cavalry. The name reputedly derives from a type of firearm, called a ''dragon'', which was a handgun version of a blunderbuss, carried by dragoons of the French Army. The title has been retained in modern times by a number of armoured or ceremonial mounted regiments. Origins and name The establishment of dragoons evolved from the practice of sometimes transporting infantry by horse when speed of movement was needed. In 1552, Alexander Farnese, Duke of Parma ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Paku Alam IV
Paku Alam IV was Duke (''Adipati'') of Pakualaman between 1864 and 1878. Pakualaman (also written Paku Alaman) became a small hereditary Duchy within the Sultanate of Yogyakarta, as a mirror-image of Mangkunegaran in the territory of the Susuhunanate of Surakarta The son of Paku Alam III, Paku Alam IV was the last Paku Alam to be buried at Kota Gede, his son Paku Alam V was the instigator of the royal burial ground at Girigondo Subsequent list of rulers * Paku Alam V, 1878 – 1900 * Paku Alam VI, 1901 – 1902 * Paku Alam VII, 1903 – 1938 * Paku Alam VIII, 1938 – 1999 * Paku Alam IX KGPAA Paku Alam IX (7 May 1938 – 21 November 2015) was the ruler of Pakualaman, in central Java, Indonesia. His court name before he became ''Paku Alam IX'' was ''Bendara Raden Mas Ambarkusumo''. He succeeded as ''Paku Alam'' upon the ..., 1999 — 2015 Family history * * Notes 1878 deaths Dukes of Pakualaman Pakualaman Burials at Kotagede Indonesian royalty ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Aceh War
The Aceh War ( id, Perang Aceh), also known as the Dutch War or the Infidel War (1873–1913), was an armed military conflict between the Sultanate of Aceh and the Kingdom of the Netherlands which was triggered by discussions between representatives of Aceh and the United States in Singapore during early 1873.Ricklefs (2001), p. 185–88 The war was part of a series of conflicts in the late 19th century that consolidated Dutch rule over modern-day Indonesia. The campaign drew controversy in the Netherlands as photographs and accounts of the death toll were reported. Isolated bloody insurgencies continued as late as 1914 and less violent forms of Acehnese resistance continued to persist until World War II and the Japanese occupation. Background For much of the 19th century, Aceh's independence had been guaranteed by the Anglo-Dutch Treaty of 1824 and its status as a protectorate of the Ottoman Empire since the 16th century. During the 1820s, Aceh became a regional political a ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Dutch East Indies
The Dutch East Indies, also known as the Netherlands East Indies ( nl, Nederlands(ch)-Indië; ), was a Dutch colony consisting of what is now Indonesia. It was formed from the nationalised trading posts of the Dutch East India Company, which came under the administration of the Dutch government in 1800. During the 19th century, the Dutch possessions and hegemony expanded, reaching the greatest territorial extent in the early 20th century. The Dutch East Indies was one of the most valuable colonies under European rule, and contributed to Dutch global prominence in spice and cash crop trade in the 19th to early 20th centuries. The colonial social order was based on rigid racial and social structures with a Dutch elite living separate from but linked to their native subjects. The term ''Indonesia'' came into use for the geographical location after 1880. In the early 20th century, local intellectuals began developing the concept of Indonesia as a nation state, and set the stage ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Paku Alam V
Paku Alam V was Duke (''Adipati'') of Pakualaman between 1878 and 1900. Pakualaman (also written Paku Alaman) became a small hereditary Duchy within the Sultanate of Yogyakarta, as a mirror-image of Mangkunegaran in the territory of the Susuhunanate of Surakarta The son of Paku Alam IV, Paku Alam V was the instigator of and buried at the graveyard in Girigondo. Subsequent list of rulers * Paku Alam VI, 1901 – 1902 * Paku Alam VII, 1903 – 1938 * Paku Alam VIII, 1938 – 1999 * Paku Alam IX, 1999 — 2015 * Paku Alam X KGPAA Paku Alam X (born in Yogyakarta on 15 December 1962) is the Duke (''Adipati'') of Pakualaman, a small Javanese duchy in the Special Region of Yogyakarta, Indonesia. He succeeded as Paku Alam upon the death of the previous ruler, his father P ..., 2015 - Family history * * Notes 1900 deaths Dukes of Pakualaman Pakualaman Burials at Girigondo 19th-century Indonesian people Indonesian royalty Indonesian Freemasons {{indonesia-bio-stu ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Royal Netherlands East Indies Army
The Royal Netherlands East Indies Army ( nl, Koninklijk Nederlands Indisch Leger; KNIL, ) was the military force maintained by the Kingdom of the Netherlands in its colony of the Dutch East Indies, in areas that are now part of Indonesia. The KNIL's air arm was the Royal Netherlands East Indies Army Air Force. Elements of the Royal Netherlands Navy and Government Navy were also stationed in the Netherlands East Indies. History 1814–1942 The KNIL was formed by royal decree on 14 September 1814. It was not part of the Royal Netherlands Army, but a separate military arm specifically formed for service in the Netherlands East Indies. Its establishment coincided with the Dutch drive to expand colonial rule from the 17th century area of control to the far larger territories constituting the Dutch East Indies seventy years later. The KNIL was involved in many campaigns against indigenous groups in the area including the Padri War (1821–1845), the Java War (1825–1830), crushin ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
