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Left Bloc (Hungary)
The Left Bloc (in Hungarian: ''Baloldali Blokk'') was a political alliance in Hungary, functioning between 1946 and 1947. The Bloc included the Hungarian Communist Party (MKP), the Social Democratic Party (SZDP), the National Peasant Party (NPP) and the Trade Union Council (SZT). Origin The Left Bloc was primarily formed to counteract the Independent Smallholders' Party, which had won a majority of the vote in the 1945 Hungarian parliamentary election. Despite the Smallholders' victory, the Soviet occupiers had forced them to include the Communists, Social Democrats, and National Peasants in a grand coalition. The Communist Party was given control over the crucial Ministry of Interior—in charge of public security—while Communist leader Mátyás Rákosi became Deputy Prime Minister. The official justification for the Bloc's formation was to defend the country's "progressive achievements" thus far, primarily the land reform enacted in March 1945. The Smallholders' Party wi ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Mátyás Rákosi
Mátyás Rákosi (; born Mátyás Rosenfeld; 9 March 1892 – 5 February 1971) was a Hungarian politician who was the ''de facto'' leader of Hungary from 1947 to 1956. He served first as of the from 1945 to 1948 and then as General Secretary (later renamed First Secretary) of the |
Ministry Of Interior (Hungary)
The Ministry of Interior of Hungary ( hu, Belügyminisztérium) is a part of the Hungarian state organisation. Its head, the Minister of the Interior, is a member of the Hungarian cabinet. The ministry was established in 1848. Between 2006 and 2010 the ministry was split into the Ministry of Local Government and the Ministry of Justice and Law. In 2010 the prior organization was restored. In the early 1980s, there were four separate internal security forces under the Ministry of Interior. These included the Internal Security Troops (''Belső Karahatálom''); the State Security Authority (''Államvelédelmi Hatoság'', ÁVH)'s Security Police, the Frontier Guard or Border Guard (''Határőrség'', HO, :hu:Határőrség Magyarországon), wearing army uniforms, 15,000 strong; and the Workers' Militia (''Munkás Őrség'', MO). By mid-1986 it was estimated that the Frontier Guards were 16,000 strong, with 11,000 conscripts, divided into 11 districts. See also * Constitution Prot ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Logo Of The Hungarian Communist Party
A logo (abbreviation of logotype; ) is a graphic mark, emblem, or symbol used to aid and promote public identification and recognition. It may be of an abstract or figurative design or include the text of the name it represents as in a wordmark. In the days of hot metal typesetting, a logotype was one word cast as a single piece of type (e.g. "The" in ATF Garamond), as opposed to a ligature, which is two or more letters joined, but not forming a word. By extension, the term was also used for a uniquely set and arranged typeface or colophon. At the level of mass communication and in common usage, a company's logo is today often synonymous with its trademark or brand.Wheeler, Alina. ''Designing Brand Identity'' © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. (page 4) Etymology Douglas Harper's Online Etymology Dictionary states that the term 'logo' used in 1937 "probably a shortening of logogram". History Numerous inventions and techniques have contributed to the contemporary logo, includ ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Salami Tactics
Salami slicing tactics, also known as salami slicing, salami tactics, the salami-slice strategy, or salami attacks, is the practice of using a series of many small actions to produce a much larger action or result that would be difficult or unlawful to perform all at once. Politically, the term is used to describe a divide and conquer process of threats and alliances used to overcome opposition. With it, an aggressor can influence and eventually dominate a landscape, typically political, in piecemeal fashion. Opposition is eliminated "slice by slice" until its members realize, usually too late, that it has been virtually neutralized in its entirety. In some cases, the tactics include the creation of several factions within an opposing political party, followed by its dismantling from the inside, without giving the affected parties the opportunity to protest or react. Salami tactics are most likely to succeed when its perpetrators keep their true long-term motives hidden and main ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Hungarian Working People's Party
The Hungarian Working People's Party (, abbr. MDP) was the ruling communist party of Hungary from 1948 to 1956. It was formed by a merger of the Hungarian Communist Party (MKP) and the Social Democratic Party of Hungary (MSZDP).Neubauer, John, and Borbála Zsuzsanna Török. The Exile and Return of Writers from East-Central Europe: A Compendium'. New York: Walter de Gruyter, 2009. p. 140 Ostensibly a union of equals, the merger had actually occurred as a result of massive pressure brought to bear on the Social Democrats by both the Hungarian Communists, as well as the Soviet Union. The few independent-minded Social Democrats who had not been sidelined by Communist salami tactics were pushed out in short order after the merger, leaving the party as essentially the MKP under a new name. Its leader was Mátyás Rákosi until 1956, then Ernő Gerő in the same year for three months, and eventually János Kádár until the party's dissolution. Other minor legal Hungarian political par ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Hungarian Independence Party
The Hungarian Independence Party ( hu, Magyar Függetlenségi Párt, MFP) was a political party in Hungary in the period after World War II World War II or the Second World War, often abbreviated as WWII or WW2, was a world war that lasted from 1939 to 1945. It involved the vast majority of the world's countries—including all of the great powers—forming two opposing .... History The party was founded in 1947, shortly before the August elections that year. Led by Zoltán Pfeiffer, it won 49 of the 411 seats, becoming the fifth largest party in Parliament. Dieter Nohlen & Philip Stöver (2010) ''Elections in Europe: A data handbook'', p931 However, in October the National Elections Committee ruled that the party had participated in the election unlawfully, and its seats were annulled. A new party was established following the end of Communism. In the 1990 elections it received less than 0.1% of the vote, and did not run again.Nohlen & Stöver, p909 Reference ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
1947 Hungarian Parliamentary Election
Parliamentary elections, which later became known as the ''"blue-ballot" elections'', were held in Hungary on 31 August 1947.Dieter Nohlen & Philip Stöver (2010) ''Elections in Europe: A Data Handbook'', p. 899 The Hungarian Communist Party, which had lost the previous election, consolidated its power in the interim using salami tactics. Communist-led political intrigues had deprived their opposition of its democratically won mandate from 1945, as numerous prominent anti-Communists were removed from office on charges of conspiracy. These conspiracies reached a climax in late May 1947, when the Hungarian Communist Party deposed the democratically elected prime minister Ferenc Nagy in a coup d'état, removing one of the strongest opponents to their rule and crippling the opposition. This weakening of the opposition, combined with a revised electoral law, led to further Communist gains. This would be the last remotely competitive election held in Hungary until 1990. Background ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Zoltán Tildy
Zoltán Tildy (; 18 November 1889 – 3 August 1961), was an influential leader of Hungary, who served as prime minister from 1945 to 1946 and president from 1946 until 1948 in the post-war period before the seizure of power by Soviet-backed communists. Biography Early life and family Zoltán Tildy was born in Losonc (Lučenec now in Slovakia), in the Austro-Hungarian Empire to the family of a Hungarian official in the local government. He took a degree in theology from the Reformed Theological Academy in Pápa, afterwards spending a year studying at Assembly's College, Belfast, in Ireland. Tildy served as an active minister of the Reformed Church beginning in 1921, and edited the daily paper of the Reformed church in Hungary, the Keresztény Család (Christian Family), as well as other periodicals. In 1929, Tildy joined the Independent Smallholders' Party (FKgP) with other noted Hungarian political figures, including Ferenc Nagy. He became executive vice-president of the orga ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Ferenc Nagy
Ferenc Nagy (; 8 October 1903 – 12 June 1979) was a Hungarian politician of the Smallholders Party who served as Prime Minister of Hungary from 1946 until his forced resignation in 1947. He was also a Speaker of the National Assembly of Hungary and a member of the High National Council from 1945 to 1946. Nagy was the second democratically elected prime minister of Hungary, and would be the last until 1990 not to be a Communist or fellow traveler. The subsequent Hungarian prime minister Imre Nagy was unrelated to him. A longtime peasant advocate who took part in the anti-fascist resistance, Nagy attempted to consolidate democratic rule during his brief tenure as Prime Minister at the head of a grand coalition of Smallholders, Communists, and Social Democrats. However, he was ultimately unable to resist the intrigues of the Soviet-backed Hungarian Communist Party, which subverted his rule and destroyed his party's elected majority through a fabricated conspiracy. A coup d ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Béla Kovács (politician, 1908)
Béla Kovács (20 April 1908 – 21 June 1959) was a Hungary, Hungarian politician, who served as Minister of Agriculture of Hungary, Minister of Agriculture from 1945 to 1946 and in the Hungarian Revolution of 1956. Biography Béla Kovács was born in Hungary in 1908. He became involved in politics and joined the Independent Smallholders, Agrarian Workers and Civic Party, Smallholders Party (FKGP). It drew most of its support from the peasants who formed more than 50 percent of the country. However, until 1939, the ballot had been open in rural constituencies, and therefore large landowners were able to force most peasants to vote for the government party. The leaders of the Smallholders Party were mainly members of the middle class and their political views varied from liberalism, liberals to socialists. The Soviet Army invaded Hungary in September 1944. It set up an alternative government in Debrecen on 21 December 1944 but did not capture Budapest until 18 January 1945. Soon ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Hungarian Freedom Party
The Hungarian Freedom Party ( hu, Magyar Szabadság Párt; or simply Freedom Party), was a short-lived right-wing political party in Hungary between 1946 and 1947, it strongly opposed the Communist takeover. The party was revived for a short time during the Hungarian Revolution of 1956 and after the end of communism in 1989–90. History Despite the fact that the Independent Smallholders' Party (FKGP) won a sweeping victory in the November 1945 parliamentary election, the party was forced to enter a coalition with the left-wing parties, including Mátyás Rákosi's Hungarian Communist Party (MKP), which was the only kind of government acceptable to the Soviet-dominated Allied Control Commission (SZEB) led by Marshal Klement Voroshilov. The FKGP's gains were gradually whittled away by the Communist Rákosi's salami tactics. At first the right-wing branch of the FKGP became the first victims of the Communist pressure. Dezső Sulyok and his supporters were forced out of their part ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
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