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Law Speaker
A lawspeaker or lawman (Swedish: ''lagman'', Old Swedish: ''laghmaþer'' or ''laghman'', Danish: ''lovsigemand'', Norwegian: ''lagmann'', Icelandic: , Faroese: ''løgmaður'', Finnish: ''laamanni'', kl, inatsitinuk) is a unique Scandinavian legal office. It has its basis in a common Germanic oral tradition, where wise people were asked to recite the law, but it was only in Scandinavia that the function evolved into an office. At first, lawspeakers represented the people, and their duties and authority were connected to the assemblies ( ''things''). For most of the last thousand years, however, they were part of the king's administration. Snorri Sturluson (1179–1241) of Iceland was a famous lawspeaker. He wrote about an 11th-century lawspeaker named Torgny, but historians doubt the account. Sweden In Sweden, this office was the most important one of regional governments, where each ''lagsaga'' (usually the same as the traditional province) was the jurisdiction of a lawspe ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Olav Den Helliges Saga CK5
Olaf or Olav (, , or differences between General American and Received Pronunciation, British ; Old Norse: ''Áleifr'', ''Ólafr'', ''Óleifr'', ''Anleifr'') is a Scandinavian and German given name. It is presumably of Proto-Norse origin, reconstructed as ''*Anu-laibaz'', from ''anu'' "ancestor, grand-father" and ''laibaz'' "heirloom, descendant". Old English forms are attested as ''Ǣlāf'', ''Anlāf''. The corresponding Old Novgorod dialect form is ''Uleb''. A later English form of the name is ''Olave''. In the Norwegian language, ''Olav'' and ''Olaf'' are equally common, but Olav is traditionally used when referring to Norwegian royalty. The Swedish language, Swedish form is ''Olov'' or ''Olof'', and the Danish language, Danish form is ''Oluf''. It was borrowed into Old Irish and Scots language, Scots with the spellings ''Amlaíb'' and ''Amhlaoibh'', giving rise to modern version ''Aulay''. The name is Latinisation of names, Latinized as ''Olaus''. Notable people North Germani ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Tiundaland
Tiundaland is a historic region, '' Folkland'', and since 1296 part of the modern province of Uppland. It originally meant the ''land of the ten hundreds'' and referred to its duty of providing 1000 men and 40 ships for the Swedish king's leidang. A list from 1314 defines Tiundaland as Bälinge Hundred, Gästrikland, Håbo Hundred, Hagunda Hundred, Norunda Hundred, Närding Hundred, Oland Hundred, Rasbo Hundred, Ulleråker Hundred and Vaksala Hundred. During the Viking Age it probably extended from the coast of the Baltic Sea by Norrtälje to the bay which today is the lake Mälaren. A very strategic position. According to Snorri Sturluson in the ''Heimskringla'' it was the location of Uppsala and the Thing of all Swedes, where every year there were great blóts which were attended by many kings. He relates that Tiundaland was the richest and most fertile region of Sweden where was the seat of the Swedish kings at Uppsala, the Swedish Archbishopric and from which Uppsala ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Norway
Norway, officially the Kingdom of Norway, is a Nordic country in Northern Europe, the mainland territory of which comprises the western and northernmost portion of the Scandinavian Peninsula. The remote Arctic island of Jan Mayen and the archipelago of Svalbard also form part of Norway. Bouvet Island, located in the Subantarctic, is a dependency of Norway; it also lays claims to the Antarctic territories of Peter I Island and Queen Maud Land. The capital and largest city in Norway is Oslo. Norway has a total area of and had a population of 5,425,270 in January 2022. The country shares a long eastern border with Sweden at a length of . It is bordered by Finland and Russia to the northeast and the Skagerrak strait to the south, on the other side of which are Denmark and the United Kingdom. Norway has an extensive coastline, facing the North Atlantic Ocean and the Barents Sea. The maritime influence dominates Norway's climate, with mild lowland temperatures on the se ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Judicial System Of Finland
Under the Constitution of Finland, everyone is entitled to have their case heard by a court or an authority appropriately and without undue delay. This is achieved through the judicial system of Finland. The Finnish judicial system is mostly organized under the Ministry of Justice, and consists ofJudicial system in Finland Finnish ministry of Justice. Retrieved 10-4-2007 * the independent courts of law and administrative courts * the prosecution service * the enforcement authorities, who see to the enforcement of judgments * the prison service and the probation service, who see to the enforcement of custodial sentences, and * the Bar Association and the other avenues of legal aid. Background The Finnish legal system originated during the period before Swedish rule. The traditional system of[...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
House Of Bjelbo
The House of Bjelbo ( sv, Bjälboätten), also known as the House of Folkung (''Folkungaätten''), was an Ostrogothian Swedish family that provided several medieval Swedish bishops, jarls and kings. It also provided three kings of Norway and one king of Denmark in the 14th century. Name and origin The house has been known as the "House of Folkung" since the 17th century, and this name is still commonly used in Swedish works of reference. The name "folkung" does appear as early as in 12th century sources, but is then usually not applied to members of the family. In an effort to avoid confusion with the Folkunge Party some modern historians have argued that "House of Bjälbo" would be a better name because Birger Jarl lived there and it is the family's oldest known manor. Bjälbo is located in Östergötland, outside of Skänninge in the present-day municipality of Mjölby. In any case the members of this dynasty never used a name to refer to themselves since family names we ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Reduction (Sweden)
In the Great Reduction of 1680, by which the ancient landed nobility lost its power base, the Swedish Crown recaptured lands earlier granted to the nobility. ''Reductions'' ( sv, reduktion) in Sweden and its dominions were the return to the Crown of fiefs that had been granted to the Swedish nobility. Several reductions are recorded, from the 13th century until this final one of 1680. Background The reductions were fought for by gentry, tradesmen, state servants, and peasantry alike, partly as a way to curb the power of the great aristocratic families and partly as a way to make the state solvent and able to pay its debts. One such reduction, ( sv, Fjärdepartsräfsten) under Charles X Gustav of Sweden in 1655, intended at restoring a quarter of "donations" made after 1632. However, the outbreak of the Second Northern War prevented its realisation. Only after Charles XI's entry into maturity in 1672, it began to be implemented effectively. It would soon become obvious that ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Privy Council Of Sweden
The Council of the Realm, or simply The Council ( sv, Riksrådet or sv, Rådet: sometimes in la, Senatus Regni Sueciae), was a cabinet of medieval origin, consisting of magnates ( sv, stormän) which advised, and at times co-ruled with, the King of Sweden. The 1634 Instrument of Government, Sweden's first written constitution in the modern sense, stipulated that the King must have a council, but he was free to choose whomever he might find suitable for the job, as long as they were of Swedish birth. At the introduction of absolutism, Charles XI had the equivalent organ named as Royal Council ( sv, Kungligt råd). In the Age of Liberty, the medieval name was reused, but after the bloodless revolution of Gustav III, the old organ was practically abolished. The 1809 Instrument of Government, created a Council of State, also known as the King in Council ( sv, Konungen i Statsrådet) which became the constitutionally mandated cabinet where the King had to make all state decisio ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Magnus IV Of Sweden
Magnus IV (April or May 1316 – 1 December 1374; Swedish ''Magnus Eriksson'') was King of Sweden from 1319 to 1364, King of Norway as Magnus VII (including Iceland and Greenland) from 1319 to 1355, and ruler of Scania from 1332 to 1360. By adversaries he has been called ''Magnus Smek'' (English: ''Magnus the Caresser''). Referring to Magnus Eriksson as ''Magnus II'' is incorrect. The Swedish Royal Court lists three Swedish kings before him of the same name. A few authors do not count Magnus Nilsson as a Swedish king (though the Royal Court does) and have thus called this king ''Magnus III''. He is the second longest-reigning monarch in Swedish history, only surpassed by the current king Carl XVI Gustaf, who surpassed Magnus in 2018. Biography Magnus was born in Norway either in April or May 1316 to Eric, Duke of Södermanland and Ingeborg, a daughter of Haakon V of Norway. Magnus was elected king of Sweden on 8 July 1319, and acclaimed as hereditary king of Norway at t ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Eskil (Lawman)
Eskil Magnusson (c. 1175 – c. 1227) was a nobleman and lawspeaker (''Lagman'') of Västergötland. He is the first attested legal official in what is now Sweden about whom we have any extensive information. Biography He was a member of the Bjelbo dynasty or House of Folkung (''Folkungaätten'') which in the 1250s became Sweden's royal dynasty. He was the son of Magnus Minniskiöld, and the elder half-brother of Birger Jarl (''Birger Magnusson''), the most powerful man of Sweden in the middle of the 13th century. Around 1217, he married Kristina Nilsdotter, widow of the Norwegian earl Hakon the Mad (''Håkon Galen''), whose son Knut Håkonsson was a pretender to the Norwegian throne. Due to the location of his jurisdiction and his marriage to Kristina, Eskil had good contacts in Norway and may have functioned as a negotiator between the Swedish and the Norwegian monarchs. Some time during 1218–1220, he was visited by Icelandic historian Snorri Sturluson. Eskil was note ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Västergötland
Västergötland (), also known as West Gothland or the Latinized version Westrogothia in older literature, is one of the 25 traditional non-administrative provinces of Sweden (''landskap'' in Swedish), situated in the southwest of Sweden. Västergötland is home to Gothenburg, the second largest city in Sweden, which is situated along a short stretch of the Kattegat strait. The province is bordered by Bohuslän, Dalsland, Värmland, Närke, Östergötland, Småland and Halland, as well as the two largest Swedish lakes Vänern and Vättern. Victoria, Crown Princess of Sweden is Duchess of Västergötland. Administration The provinces of Sweden serve no administrative function. Instead, that function is served by counties of Sweden. From the 17th century up until 31 December 1997, Västergötland was divided into Skaraborg County, Älvsborg County and a minor part of Gothenburg and Bohus County. From 1 January 1998 nearly all of the province is in the newly created Västra ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Yeomen
Yeoman is a noun originally referring either to one who owns and cultivates land or to the middle ranks of servants in an English royal or noble household. The term was first documented in mid-14th-century England. The 14th century also witnessed the rise of the yeoman longbow archer during the Hundred Years' War, and the yeoman outlaws celebrated in the Robin Hood ballads. Yeomen also joined the English Navy during the Hundred Years' War as seamen and archers. In the early 15th century, yeoman was the rank of chivalry between page and squire. By the late 17th century, yeoman became a rank in the new Royal Navy for the common seamen who were in charge of ship's stores, such as foodstuffs, gunpowder, and sails. References to the emerging social stratum of wealthy land-owning commoners began to appear after 1429. In that year, the Parliament of England re-organized the House of Commons into counties and boroughs, with voting rights granted to all freeholders. The Act of 1430 ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
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