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Laukkuryssä
In Finland, the term "laukkuryssä" (Finnish language, Finnish for "bag Russian", Swedish language, Swedish: ''påsaryssar'') refers to peddler, travelling salesmen who went around Finland and northern Sweden from the middle 19th century to the early 20th century. Despite the name, "laukkuryssäs" were not ethnically Russians, Russian, but instead Karelians, Karelian peasants.Makkonen, Mikko"Laukkuryssät" antoivat maakunnalle aikoinaan paljon ''Karjalainen'' 25 October 2017. Accessed on 19 November 2018. Their trade was called a "bag trade", after the large leathern backpacks they carried.Alanen, Aulis J.: ''Suomen maakaupan historia'', pp. 177–186. Jyväskylä: Gummerus, 1957. History The bag trade was most prominent in places along the border, but "laukkuryssäs" also went around in other parts of Finland as well as northern Sweden. The Russian Empire, Russian part of Karelia was a very poor and underdeveloped area except for the part under the influence of Saint Petersburg. I ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Kiestinki ”laukkuryssä” Peddlers
Kestenga (russian: Кестеньга; krl, Kiestinki; fi, Kiestinki), is a rural village in the Loukhsky District of the Republic of Karelia in Russia on the northern shore of Lake Topozero. It is the administrative centre of the ''Kestenga rural settlement''. There is a railway station on the Loukhi-Pyaozersky Pyaozersky (russian: Пяозе́рский; krl, Piäjärvi; fi, Pääjärvi) is an urban locality (an urban-type settlement) in Loukhsky District of the Republic of Karelia, Russia, located on the shore of Lake Pyaozero, northwest of Petroz ... line. As of the 2013 Census, its population was 1,117. The village was at the center of the Battle of Kestenga in 1941 between the Finnish and Soviet Army during the Continuation War. External link {{Authority control Rural localities in the Republic of Karelia ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Land Reform
Land reform is a form of agrarian reform involving the changing of laws, regulations, or customs regarding land ownership. Land reform may consist of a government-initiated or government-backed property redistribution, generally of agricultural land. Land reform can, therefore, refer to transfer of ownership from the more powerful to the less powerful, such as from a relatively small number of wealthy or noble owners with extensive land holdings (e.g., plantations, large ranches, or agribusiness plots) to individual ownership by those who work the land. Such transfers of ownership may be with or without compensation; compensation may vary from token amounts to the full value of the land. Land reform may also entail the transfer of land from individual ownership—even peasant ownership in smallholdings—to government-owned collective farms; it has also, in other times and places, referred to the exact opposite: division of government-owned collective farms into smallholdings. Th ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Finnish Words And Phrases
Finnish may refer to: * Something or someone from, or related to Finland * Culture of Finland * Finnish people or Finns, the primary ethnic group in Finland * Finnish language, the national language of the Finnish people * Finnish cuisine See also * Finish (other) * Finland (other) * Suomi (other) * {{disambiguation Language and nationality disambiguation pages ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Distribution (marketing)
Distribution (or place) is one of the four elements of the marketing mix. Distribution is the process of making a product or service available for the consumer or business user who needs it. This can be done directly by the producer or service provider or using indirect channels with distributors or intermediaries. The other three elements of the marketing mix are product, pricing, and promotion. Decisions about distribution need to be taken in line with a company's overall strategic vision and mission. Developing a coherent distribution plan is a central component of strategic planning. At the strategic level, there are three broad approaches to distribution, namely mass, selective and exclusive distribution. The number and type of intermediaries selected largely depend on the strategic approach. The overall distribution channel should add value to the consumer. Definition Distribution is fundamentally concerned with ensuring that products reach target customers in the most ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Economic History Of Finland
The economy of Finland is a highly industrialised, mixed economy with a per capita output similar to that of western European economies such as France, Germany and the United Kingdom. The largest sector of Finland's economy is services at 72.7 percent, followed by manufacturing and refining at 31.4 percent. Primary production is 2.9 percent With respect to foreign trade, the key economic sector is manufacturing. The largest industries are electronics (21.6 percent - very old data), machinery, vehicles and other engineered metal products (21.1 percent), forest industry (13.1 percent), and chemicals (10.9 percent). Finland has timber and several mineral and freshwater resources. Forestry, paper factories, and the agricultural sector (on which taxpayers spend around 2 billion euro annually) are politically sensitive to rural residents. The Greater Helsinki area generates around a third of GDP. In a 2004 OECD comparison, high-technology manufacturing in Finland ranked second large ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Sales Occupations
Sales are activities related to selling or the number of goods sold in a given targeted time period. The delivery of a service for a cost is also considered a sale. The seller, or the provider of the goods or services, completes a sale in response to an acquisition, appropriation, requisition, or a direct interaction with the ''buyer'' at the point of sale. There is a passing of title (property or ownership) of the item, and the settlement of a price, in which agreement is reached on a price for which transfer of ownership of the item will occur. The ''seller'', not the purchaser, typically executes the sale and it may be completed prior to the obligation of payment. In the case of indirect interaction, a person who sells goods or service on behalf of the owner is known as a salesman or saleswoman or salesperson, but this often refers to someone selling goods in a store/shop, in which case other terms are also common, including '' salesclerk'', ''shop assistant'', and ''re ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Ryssä
''Ryssä'' () is a Finnish language, Finnish term for a Russian person, considered derogatory today. The term is also used to refer to Russia as a country and to the Russian language.Sadeniemi, Matti; Vesikansa, Jouko ''et al.'': ''Nykysuomen sanakirja'' volume 2 (L-R), 10th edition, p. 812, entry "ryssä". Finnish Literature Society, WSOY 1988. {{ISBN, 951-0-09106-5. The term was originally used to refer to the Orthodox, and particularly in compound words to East Karelian merchants, referred to as "reppuryssä" or "laukkuryssä" ("bag Russian"). The term "pikkuryssä" ("little Russian", Russian: ''plyasat prisyatku'') was used to refer to the tropak dance. Etymology The Finnish word ''ryssä'' comes from the Swedish language, Swedish word ''ryss'', meaning a Russian person. Similar words are used in many other languages: ''Russian'' in English, ''русский'' (''russkiy'') in Russian, ''russe'' in French, and so on. The same etymology is shared by the words for the country of ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Finnish Literature Society
The Finnish Literature Society ( fi, Suomalaisen Kirjallisuuden Seura ry or fi, SKS) was founded in 1831 to promote literature written in Finnish. Among its first publications was the ''Kalevala'', the Finnish national epic A national epic is an epic poem or a literary work of epic scope which seeks or is believed to capture and express the essence or spirit of a particular nation—not necessarily a nation state, but at least an ethnic or linguistic group with as .... External links Official website''' Finnish writers' organisations Organisations based in Helsinki {{Europe-org-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
World War II
World War II or the Second World War, often abbreviated as WWII or WW2, was a world war that lasted from 1939 to 1945. It involved the vast majority of the world's countries—including all of the great powers—forming two opposing military alliances: the Allies and the Axis powers. World War II was a total war that directly involved more than 100 million personnel from more than 30 countries. The major participants in the war threw their entire economic, industrial, and scientific capabilities behind the war effort, blurring the distinction between civilian and military resources. Aircraft played a major role in the conflict, enabling the strategic bombing of population centres and deploying the only two nuclear weapons ever used in war. World War II was by far the deadliest conflict in human history; it resulted in 70 to 85 million fatalities, mostly among civilians. Tens of millions died due to genocides (including the Holocaust), starvation, ma ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Kalevala, Russia
Kalevala (russian: Калевала; krl, Kalevala) is an urban locality (an urban-type settlement) and the administrative center of Kalevalsky District in the Republic of Karelia, Russia. As of the 2010 Census, its population was 4,529. History It was named Ukhta (russian: Ухта; krl, Uhtua) until 1963, when it was renamed after the Finnish Kalevala epos. The poem collection was in part collected in Ukhta. Administrative and municipal status Within the framework of administrative divisions, Kalevala serves as the administrative center of Kalevalsky District, of which it is a part.Law #871-ZRK As a municipal division, Kalevala, together with one rural locality (the settlement of Kuusiniyemi) is incorporated within Kalevalsky Municipal District as Kalevalskoye Urban Settlement.Law #813-ZRK Climate Kalevala has a subarctic climate The subarctic climate (also called subpolar climate, or boreal climate) is a climate with long, cold (often very cold) winters, and sh ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Voknavolok
Voknavolok (russian: Вокна́волок, krl, Vuokkiniemi) is a rural locality ('' selo'') under the administrative jurisdiction of the Town of Kostomuksha of the Republic of Karelia, Russia. Population: Nineteenth-century Vuokkiniemi Demography and economy The census of 1800 put the population of the parish of Vuokkiniemi at 853; by 1900, it stood at 3265. A large proportion of the population was, or was descended from, migrants from Finland: around 1890, 34% of the population descended from migrants from Ostrobothnia, 25% from Kainuu, and 18% from Finnish Karelia, while statistics from 1902 to 1908 show no evidence of people using Russian as their primary language or having Russian identity. The economy of the parish was a mixed subsistence economy of a kind found widely in subarctic Eurasia. This included livestock-rearing, local freshwater fishing, and hunting (until an 1892 ban on trapping). It featured slash-and-burn agriculture (though this was circumscribed t ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
