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Lantmarskalk
Lantmarskalk, (; ) was the title of one of the speakers of the Sweden, Swedish Riksdag of the Estates, from 1627 to 1866 and of the Diet of Finland, Diet of Grand Duchy of Finland from 1809 to 1906. The Lantmarskalk was appointed by the Swedish nobility, Estate of the Nobles and also served as its speaker (Speaker of the Parliament of Sweden, talman). The Lantmarskalk should not be confused with the Riksmarsk (Lord High Constable of Sweden) or the Riksmarskalk (Royal Court of Sweden, Marshal of the Realm), which were Great Officers of the Realm and royal appointees. Between approximately 1720 and 1772 two parties Hats (party), Hats and Caps (party), Caps were active during a short period of parliamentary rule, referred to as the age of liberty. List of office holders *Per Brahe the Younger, Per Brahe (1629) *Johan Pontusson De la Gardie (1630) *Henrik Fleming (1643–1644) *Bengt Skytte (1647) *Svante Larsson Sparre (1649–1651) *Christer Bonde (1652) *Johan Gyllenstierna (1668) ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Arvid Horn
Count Arvid Bernhard Horn af Ekebyholm (6 April 166418 April 1742) was a Swedish general, diplomat and politician, a member of the noble Horn family. He served twice as president of the Privy Council Chancellery of Sweden, privy council chancellery (1710–1719 and 1720–1738) and was one of the leading figures of the Swedish Age of Liberty. Soldier and diplomat Arvid Bernhard Horn was born at Vuorentaka Manor in Halikko (now Salo, Finland). He was the son of Gustaf Horn af Kanckas (1627–1673) and his wife Anna Helena von Gertten (1640–1709). After completing his studies at the Royal Academy of Turku, he entered the Royal Swedish Army and served for several years in the Dutch Republic, Netherlands, in Ottoman Hungary, Hungary under Prince Eugene of Savoy (1663–1736), and in County of Flanders, Flanders under Prince Georg Friedrich of Waldeck (1690–1695). Horn stood high in the favour of King Charles XII of Sweden and was one of his foremost generals in the earlie ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Lantmarskalks Of The Finnish House Of Nobility
The House of Nobility either refers to the institution of the Finnish nobility or the palace of the noble estate in Helsinki, Finland. The Finnish nobility was from 1809 until 1906 the first of the four estates of the realm. The Estate Before the Finnish War 1808-1809, the Finnish nobility were full members of the Swedish nobility and the Swedish House of Nobility for centuries. Finland was conquered from Sweden by Imperial Russia. The estate of nobility existed fully starting from the 1809 Diet of Porvoo when the Grand Duchy of Finland was formally created. The Finnish nobility was formally organized in 1818. Families of Finnish nobility were registered in the rolls of the Finnish House of Nobility, through a process called introduction to one's peers, after the imperial creation. First introductions in 1818 were registrations of those noble families registered in the Swedish House of Nobility whose male members lived in Finland and had sworn fealty to the emperor. During ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Axel Von Fersen, Senior
Count Fredrik Axel von Fersen (5 April 171924 April 1794) was a Swedish statesman and soldier of Baltic German descent. He served as Lord Marshal of the Riksdag of the Estates, and although he worked closely with King Gustav III before and through the Revolution of 1772, he later opposed the king. Biography A son of Lieutenant-General Hans Reinhold von Fersen and his wife Countess Eleonora Margareta Wachtmeister (1684–1748), he entered the Swedish Life Guards in 1740, and from 1743 to 1748 was in the French service in the Royal-Suedois, where he rose to the rank of brigadier. His brother was Count Carl von Fersen (1716-1786). In the Seven Years' War Fersen distinguished himself during the operations round Usedom and Wollin in 1759, when he inflicted serious loss on the Prussians. But it is as a politician that he is best known. A member of the Hat party, at the Riksdag of 1755–1756, he was elected Lord Marshal and served three non-consecutive terms in that post bef ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Carl Gustaf Tessin
Count Carl Gustaf Tessin (5 September 1695 – 7 January 1770) was a Swedish Count and politician and son of architect Nicodemus Tessin the Younger and Hedvig Eleonora Stenbock. He was one of the most brilliant personages of his day, and the most prominent representative of French culture in Sweden. He was also often considered a fine orator. Carl Gustaf Tessin began his public career in 1723 and was quickly noted for his eloquence and diplomacy. In 1725, he was appointed ambassador to Vienna, and upon his return became prominent in the Riksdag of the Estates, challenging the government. From 1739 to 1742, Tessin served as ambassador to France, and proved able to improve Franco-Swedish relations as ambassador; Tessin was considered a friend of the French monarchy during his tenure. During his time in Versailles, Carl Gustaf Tessin was noted for his cultural patronage, sponsoring numerous artists and musicians. Upon his return to Stockholm, he continued his work in his native ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
History Of Sweden
The history of Sweden can be traced back to the melting of the Northern polar ice cap. From as early as 12000 BC, humans have inhabited this area. Throughout the Stone Age, between 8000 BC and 6000 BC, early inhabitants used stone-crafting methods to make tools and weapons for hunting, gathering and fishing as means of survival. Written sources about Sweden before AD 1000 are rare and short, usually written by outsiders. It is usually accepted that Swedish recorded history, in contrast with pre-history, starts around the late 10th century, when sources are common enough that they can be contrasted with each other. The modern Swedish state was formed over a long period of unification and consolidation. Historians have set different standards for when it can be considered complete. Some common laws were present from the second half of the 13th century. At this time, Sweden consisted of most of what is today the southern part of the country (except for Scania, ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Constitution Of Sweden
The Basic Laws of Sweden () are the four constitutional laws of the Kingdom of Sweden that regulate the Swedish political system, acting in a similar manner to the constitutions of most countries. These four laws are: the Instrument of Government (), the Freedom of the Press Act (), the Fundamental Law on Freedom of Expression () and the Act of Succession (). Together, they constitute a basic framework that stands above other laws and regulation, and also define which agreements are themselves above normal Swedish law. The Parliament Act () is usually considered to be halfway between a fundamental law and a normal law, with certain main chapters afforded similar protections as the fundamental laws while other additional chapters require only a simple parliamentary majority in order to be amended. To amend or to revise a fundamental law, the Riksdag needs to approve the changes twice in two successive terms with simple majorities, with a general election having been held in betw ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Speaker Of The Riksdag
The speaker of the Riksdag () is the speaker (politics), presiding officer of the national unicameral legislature in Sweden. The Riksdag underwent profound changes in 1867, when the medieval Riksdag of the Estates was abolished. The new form of the Riksdag included bicameral system, two elected chambers, each with its own speaker. Since the ''de facto'' introduction of parliamentarism in 1917, the Riksdag has properly functioned as the institution to which the prime minister and the Government of Sweden, government are held accountable. In 1971 the institution was transformed into a unicameral legislature with 350 members, reduced to 349 in 1976 to avoid parliamentary deadlocks. Since 1975, in accordance with the Basic Laws of Sweden#Instrument of Government, Instrument of Government of 1974, it is the speaker and no longer the Monarchy of Sweden, monarch who appoints and dismisses the Prime Minister of Sweden, prime minister. The current speaker is Andreas Norlén, who has held ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Gustaf Lagerbjelke
Count Gustaf Lagerbjelke (6 October 1817 – 6 March 1895). The 3rd Count Lagerbjelke was a Swedish politician, the last Lord Marshal and the first Speaker of ''Första kammaren'' of the Riksdag. Biography Gustaf Lagerbjelke was born 6 October 1817 on Skeppsholmen, Stockholm, to colonel Axel Lagerbjelke, 2nd Count Lagerbjelke and baroness Carolina Antoinetta Cederström. After his father's death in 1832, he became 3rd Count Lagerbjelke. Lagerbjelke studied at Uppsala University, where he became Juris utriusque kandidat in December 1838. Between 1844 and 1866, he served in the Riksdag of the Estates for the Lagerbjelke family. Along with Henning Hamilton, Gillis Bildt and , Lagerbjelke became one of the leaders of the Junker Party, and was the party's authority on constitutional and formal issues. In connection with the representation reform as the country moved to a parliamentary system, he submitted his own proposal, but it was not adopted. From 1867, he was a member o ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Henning Hamilton
Count Henning Ludvig Hugo Hamilton (16 January 1814 – 15 January 1886) was a Swedish count, politician, government official and author. His father was Gustaf Wathier Hamilton. Today he is perhaps best remembered for the so-called ''Hamilton scandal''. Career Born in Stockholm, Hamilton received his education at Uppsala University and became second lieutenant of the Svea Artillery Regiment in 1829. After a study trip to the continent in 1835, he worked as a teacher of topography and fortification in 1837 at the military academy (today's Military Academy Karlberg), taught military tactics and regulations at the school for line officers in Stockholm from 1837 to 1843 and was a lieutenant in the Topographical Corps from 1839 and its captain from 1845. From 1839 to 1844, he was secretary of the Academy of War Sciences and was chamberlain first to Crown Princess Josephine (1841–1843), then to Princes Charles and Gustaf during their studies in Uppsala in 1844–1845. In 1847 ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Jacob De La Gardie
Field Marshal and Count Jacob Pontusson De la Gardie (20 June 1583 – 22 August 1652) was a wikt:statesman, statesman and a soldier of the Swedish Empire, and a Marshal from 1620 onward. He was Privy Council of Sweden, Privy Councilor from 1613 onward, Governor of Swedish Estonia in 1619–1622, Governors-General of Sweden, Governor-General of Livonia in 1622–1628 (conquered by the Swedish Empire in 1621, and referred to as Swedish Livonia in 1629–1721), and Lord High Constable of Sweden, Lord High Constable from 1620. He introduced reforms based on the then novel Netherlands, Dutch military doctrine into the Swedish army. He commanded the Swedish forces in Russian Tsardom, Russia and against the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth. He also served as one of the five regents jointly ruling Sweden during the minority of Christina of Sweden, Queen Christina. Biography Jacob De la Gardie was born in Reval (today Tallinn), Swedish Estonia, Estonia (then part of the Swedish Emp ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Carl Carlsson Mörner
Carl Carlsson Mörner (1 December 1755 in Jönköping – 24 June 1821 in Stockholm) was a Swedish nobleman, officer, and politician. After rising through the ranks after being accepted as a cadet in 1771, he was made field marshal in 1816, and served as Governor-general of Norway from 1816 to 1818. He was made count of Tuna A tuna (: tunas or tuna) is a saltwater fish that belongs to the tribe Thunnini, a subgrouping of the Scombridae ( mackerel) family. The Thunnini comprise 15 species across five genera, the sizes of which vary greatly, ranging from the bul ... in 1800. He was married to Charlotta Arfwedson, was commonly known to be his political adviser.Cecilia af Klercker (1942). Hedvig Elisabeth Charlottas dagbok IX (1812–1817). Stockholm: Norstedt & Söners förlag. p.495 References External links * Swedish nobility Governors-general of Norway Lord marshals of the Riksdag of the Estates Knights of the Order of Charles XIII 1755 births ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Johan Christopher Toll
Count Johan Christopher Toll (1 February 1743 – 21 May 1817) was a Swedish statesman and soldier. Early life He was born in Mölleröd, Scania (now part of Hässleholm Municipality, Skåne County). Toll came of from an old family of Dutch origin, which can be traced back to the 13th century. They migrated to the Baltic provinces in the 16th century. Toll's father was one of Charles XII's soldiers, his mother being a descendant of the aristocratic Gyllenstjerna family. In his youth Johan Christopher served during the Seven Years' War, and then, exchanging the military for civil service, became head ranger of Kristianstad County. Royal conspirator During the Riksdag of 1771–1772, the "Cap" faction, which were the dominant one at the time, deprived him of his position as ranger, and Toll, guessing that the king was preparing a revolution, almost forced his services on the conspirators. Georg Magnus Sprengtporten, one of the main instigators of the plot, declaring tha ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
