Lamma Winds
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Lamma Winds
Lamma Winds () is a wind farm, more accurately a lone wind turbine, in Tai Ling, Lamma Island, Hong Kong where the average wind velocity is 5.5 m/s. Built near the Lamma Power Station and owned by Hongkong Electric, on average it provides slightly over 100 kW of power to Hong Kong Island and Lamma Island. Technical details Lamma Winds began operating on 23 February 2006, and was the first commercial-scale wind turbine in Hong Kong. The wind turbine is a Nordex N50/800 kW model with a rotor diameter of , a nameplate capacity of and a capacity factor of about 13% which delivers an average output of around . It can generate enough power for approximately 250 households in ideal conditions, though considerably fewer in typical conditions. Before the construction of the wind turbine, Environmental Resources Management of Hong Kong (ERMHK) analyzed its environmental impacts, and predicted no significant adverse effects. Exhibition centre Lamma Winds is one of the r ...
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Lamma Island
Lamma Island, also known as Y Island or Pok Liu Chau or simply Pok Liu, is the third largest island in Hong Kong. Administratively, it is part of the Islands District. Name Lamma Island was named Lamma only because of a chart reading error by Alexander Dalrymple in the 1760s. He had acquired a Portuguese chart to the entrances to the Pearl River and, close to the west of the island, the Portuguese owner had written "Lama". Dalrymple misinterpreted that as the name of the island. However, it was a Portuguese notation as to the holding (consistency of the seabed from the point of view of anchoring there), which was (and is) mud – in Portuguese "lama". In all the early charts the name was spelled with only one "m". So the island acquired a British name by error and one that subsequently was sinicised by its name being rendered phonetically in characters ("Lam a" can mean "south fork" in Cantonese), with the original muddle being all but forgotten. At some point, things became fu ...
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Institution Of Mechanical Engineers
The Institution of Mechanical Engineers (IMechE) is an independent professional association and learned society headquartered in London, United Kingdom, that represents mechanical engineers and the engineering profession. With over 120,000 members in 140 countries, working across industries such as railways, automotive, aerospace, manufacturing, energy, biomedical and construction, the Institution is licensed by the Engineering Council to assess candidates for inclusion on its Register of Chartered Engineers, Incorporated Engineers and Engineering Technicians. The Institution was founded at the Queen's Hotel, Birmingham, by George Stephenson in 1847. It received a Royal Charter in 1930. The Institution's headquarters, purpose-built for the Institution in 1899, is situated at No. 1 Birdcage Walk in central London. Origins Informal meetings are said to have taken place in 1846, at locomotive designer Charles Beyer's house in Cecil Street, Manchester, or alternatively at Bromsgr ...
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Wind Farms In Hong Kong
Wind is the natural movement of air or other gases relative to a planet's surface. Winds occur on a range of scales, from thunderstorm flows lasting tens of minutes, to local breezes generated by heating of land surfaces and lasting a few hours, to global winds resulting from the difference in absorption of solar energy between the climate zones on Earth. The two main causes of large-scale atmospheric circulation are the differential heating between the equator and the poles, and the rotation of the planet (Coriolis effect). Within the tropics and subtropics, thermal low circulations over terrain and high plateaus can drive monsoon circulations. In coastal areas the sea breeze/land breeze cycle can define local winds; in areas that have variable terrain, mountain and valley breezes can prevail. Winds are commonly classified by their spatial scale, their speed and direction, the forces that cause them, the regions in which they occur, and their effect. Winds have various asp ...
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List Of Power Stations In Hong Kong
The following is a list of all of the active power stations in Hong Kong. Former power stations The following is a list of all of the former power stations in Hong Kong. See also * Electricity sector in Hong Kong References {{Power stations Power stations Hong Kong Power stations in Hong Kong Power most often refers to: * Power (physics), meaning "rate of doing work" ** Engine power, the power put out by an engine ** Electric power * Power (social and political), the ability to influence people or events ** Abusive power Power may ... ...
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Electricity Sector In Hong Kong
Electricity sector in Hong Kong ranges from generation, transmission, distribution and sales of electricity covering Hong Kong. The combustion of coal, natural gas and oil are the main sources of electricity in Hong Kong. The electricity sector contributes 60.4% of Hong Kong's total greenhouse gas emissions. There are two main providers of electricity in Hong Kong. Companies Power generation in Hong Kong is managed by two major companies under a Scheme of Control arrangement with the Hong Kong Government. These companies effectively operate in a regulated market. Hongkong Electric Company The Hongkong Electric Company (HEC; ) HEC's supply area includes Hong Kong Island and Lamma Island. HEC owns and operates: * Lamma Power Station * Lamma Winds Power Station CLP Power Hong Kong Limited The CLP Power Hong Kong Limited (CLP; ) under the CLP Group was founded on 25 January 1901 as China Light & Power Company Syndicate in British Hong Kong. CLP's supply area includes Kowloon ...
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Yung Shue Wan Ferry Pier
Yung Shue Wan Ferry Pier is a ferry pier located on the waterfront of Yung Shue Wan in Yung Shue Wan Main Street, Lamma Island, Hong Kong. There are two ferry routes provided in the pier. One is the service between Yung Shue Wan and Central, operated by Hong Kong & Kowloon Ferry. Another one is the service between Yung Shue Wan and Aberdeen via Pak Kok Tsuen, operated by Tsui Wah Ferry. History The Yung Shue Wan Public Pier was opened in 1964, but the facilities are very rudimentary, the piers are narrow and lack of lighting and complete equipment, which is not enough to cope with the large number of tourists. In view of this, the government planned in 1982 to build a ferry pier on the 0.44 hectare seabed next to the public pier, with two berthing locations and other supporting facilities. In 1983, the government planned to spend HK$66.5 million to improve various constructions on Lamma Island, one of which was to expand the Yung Shue Wan Pier and set aside HK$10 million in the ...
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Pedestrian
A pedestrian is a person traveling on foot, whether walking or running. In modern times, the term usually refers to someone walking on a road or pavement, but this was not the case historically. The meaning of pedestrian is displayed with the morphemes ''ped-'' ('foot') and ''-ian'' ('characteristic of'). This word is derived from the Latin term ''pedester'' ('going on foot') and was first used (in English language) during the 18th century. It was originally used, and can still be used today, as an adjective meaning plain or dull. However, in this article it takes on its noun form and refers to someone who walks. The word pedestrian may have been used in middle French in the Recueil des Croniques et Anchiennes Istories de la Grant Bretaigne, à présent nommé Engleterre. In California the definition of a pedestrian has been broadened to include anyone on any human powered vehicle that is not a bicycle, as well as people operating self-propelled wheelchairs by reason of p ...
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Environmental Impact Of Wind Power
The environmental impact of electricity generation from wind power is minor when compared to that of fossil fuel power. Wind turbines have some of the lowest global warming potential per unit of electricity generated: far less greenhouse gas is emitted than for the average unit of electricity, so wind power helps limit climate change. Wind power consumes no fuel, and emits no air pollution, unlike fossil fuel power sources. The energy consumed to manufacture and transport the materials used to build a wind power plant is equal to the new energy produced by the plant within a few months. Onshore (on-land) wind farms can have a significant visual impact and impact on the landscape. Due to a very low surface power density and spacing requirements, wind farms typically need to be spread over more land than other power stations.
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Capacity Factor
The net capacity factor is the unitless ratio of actual electrical energy output over a given period of time to the theoretical maximum electrical energy output over that period. The theoretical maximum energy output of a given installation is defined as that due to its continuous operation at full nameplate capacity over the relevant period. The capacity factor can be calculated for any electricity producing installation, such as a fuel consuming power plant or one using renewable energy, such as wind or the sun. The average capacity factor can also be defined for any class of such installations, and can be used to compare different types of electricity production. The actual energy output during that period and the capacity factor vary greatly depending on a range of factors. The capacity factor can never exceed the availability factor, or uptime during the period. Uptime can be reduced due to, for example, reliability issues and maintenance, scheduled or unscheduled. Other fact ...
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Variable Renewable Energy
Variable renewable energy (VRE) or intermittent renewable energy sources (IRES) are renewable energy sources that are not dispatchable due to their fluctuating nature, such as wind power and solar power, as opposed to controllable renewable energy sources, such as dammed hydroelectricity or biomass, or relatively constant sources, such as geothermal power. The use of small amounts of intermittent power has little effect on grid operations. Using larger amounts of intermittent power may require upgrades or even a redesign of the grid infrastructure. Options to absorb large shares of variable energy into the grid include using storage, improved interconnection between different variable sources to smooth out supply, using dispatchable energy sources such as hydroelectricity and having overcapacity, so that sufficient energy is produced even when weather is less favourable. More connections between the energy sector and the building, transport and industrial sectors may also help. ...
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Hong Kong
Hong Kong ( (US) or (UK); , ), officially the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region of the People's Republic of China ( abbr. Hong Kong SAR or HKSAR), is a city and special administrative region of China on the eastern Pearl River Delta in South China. With 7.5 million residents of various nationalities in a territory, Hong Kong is one of the most densely populated places in the world. Hong Kong is also a major global financial centre and one of the most developed cities in the world. Hong Kong was established as a colony of the British Empire after the Qing Empire ceded Hong Kong Island from Xin'an County at the end of the First Opium War in 1841 then again in 1842.. The colony expanded to the Kowloon Peninsula in 1860 after the Second Opium War and was further extended when Britain obtained a 99-year lease of the New Territories in 1898... British Hong Kong was occupied by Imperial Japan from 1941 to 1945 during World War II; British administration resume ...
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Nordex
Nordex SE is a European company that designs, sells and manufactures wind turbines. The company's headquarters is located in the German city of Rostock while management is situated in Hamburg. Production takes place in Rostock as well as in China and in the city of Heroica Matamoros Matamoros, Tamaulipas, state of Tamaulipas, Méxicfor a brief time in Jonesboro, Arkansas. The company was founded in 1985 in Give, Denmark. Since then the company steadily grew. In 1995 Nordex was the first company to mass-produce a 1 MW turbine booster. The company Südwind Babcock-Borsig has been fully implented into Nordex on October 1, 2001. Nordex began also producing the turbines of the manufacturer Südwind, which had previously gone bankrupt. Nordex started producing turbines in the 1.5 MW class (ProTec MD 1,500 kW) from 2001 - originally from "pro + pro Energiesysteme" (a subsidiary of aerodyn Energiesysteme GmbH and Denker & Wulf ) developed the S70 and later the S77 - under license. I ...
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