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LION (cable System)
Lower Indian Ocean Network (LION) is a submarine communications cable network that connects Madagascar, Réunion, and Mauritius. History The construction of a new submarine cable to connect the Southeast African islands was announced in March 2008. The project was financed by a consortium made up of Orange Madagascar, Mauritius Telecom and France Telecom S.A. Overall, the LION project cost an estimated 37 million dollars. The Mauritius Telecom group has reportedly invested 10.8 million in the project. The LION I network was inaugurated in March 2010. This cable digitized the region, and paved the way for the development of an outsourcing economy (call centers). LION II, linking Madagascar, Mayotte and Kenya, was launched in April 2012. In July 2017, Orange announced the construction of FLY-LION III, a 400 km extension of LION I and II. The capacity of this new cable should be 4 terabits/s. In July 2018, the website ''Cable.com'' ranked Madagascar 22nd in the list of ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Toamasina
Toamasina (), meaning "like salt" or "salty", unofficially and in French Tamatave, is the capital of the Atsinanana region on the east coast of Madagascar on the Indian Ocean. The city is the chief seaport of the country, situated northeast of its capital and biggest city Antananarivo. In 2018 Toamasina had a population of 325,857. History Under French rule, Toamasina was the seat of several foreign consuls, as well as of numerous French officials, and was the chief port for the capital and the interior. Imports consisted principally of piece-goods, farinaceous foods, and iron and steel goods; main exports were gold dust, raffia, hides, caoutchouc (natural rubber) and live animals. Communication with Europe was maintained by steamers of the Messageries Maritimes and the Havraise companies, and also with Mauritius, and thence to Sri Lanka, by the British Union-Castle Line. During the colonial period, owing to the character of the soil and the formerly crowded native population, ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Toamasina Province
The Toamasina Province is a former province of Madagascar with an area of 71,911 km². It had a population of 2,855,600 (2004). Its capital was Toamasina, the most important seaport of the country. The province was also known as Tamatave Province. Except for Toliara, Toamasina Province bordered all of the country's other provinces; Antsiranana in the north, Mahajanga in the northwest, Antananarivo in the southwest and Fianarantsoa in the south. Northern Betsimisaraka Malagasy and Southern Betsimisaraka Malagasy languages were widely spoken. Despite the production of exportable crops the people inhabiting the rural regions of the province were mostly poor. In terms of rural poverty the province was only better than the Toliara province. In urban areas the condition was comparatively better and the percentage of people living below the poverty line was the least in the whole of Madagascar. The country's largest harbour–Toamasina Harbour was located in the province. Vanilla ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
2009 Establishments In Madagascar
9 (nine) is the natural number following and preceding . Evolution of the Arabic digit In the beginning, various Indians wrote a digit 9 similar in shape to the modern closing question mark without the bottom dot. The Kshatrapa, Andhra and Gupta started curving the bottom vertical line coming up with a -look-alike. The Nagari continued the bottom stroke to make a circle and enclose the 3-look-alike, in much the same way that the sign @ encircles a lowercase ''a''. As time went on, the enclosing circle became bigger and its line continued beyond the circle downwards, as the 3-look-alike became smaller. Soon, all that was left of the 3-look-alike was a squiggle. The Arabs simply connected that squiggle to the downward stroke at the middle and subsequent European change was purely cosmetic. While the shape of the glyph for the digit 9 has an ascender in most modern typefaces, in typefaces with text figures the character usually has a descender, as, for example, in . The mo ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
France–Mauritius Relations
France–Mauritius (or Franco-Mauritian relations) are the historical, political, economic, social and cultural connections between the Republic of France and the Republic of Mauritius. Mauritius also shares close ties with its nearest neighbour, the French island of Réunion. Connections between France and Mauritius date back to 1710 when Mauritius became a French colony and was renamed Isle de France. The only dispute between the two countries is the sovereignty of Tromelin; the island is claimed by Mauritius. The French embassy is located at Port Louis, while Mauritius has an embassy in Paris. Trade The trade relations between Mauritius and France are strong, multi-layered and have grown over the years. France is one Mauritius's strategic partners; it is by far the most important market for the Mauritian tourism industry. See also * France–Africa relations * Franco-Mauritian * Mauritians in France * Mauritians * Foreign relations of France * Foreign relations of Mauriti ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
France–Madagascar Relations
France–Madagascar relations are the diplomatic relations between the France, French Republic and the Madagascar, Republic of Madagascar. France controlled Madagascar beginning in 1895 until the islands nation's independence in 1960. Both nations are today members of the Organisation internationale de la Francophonie, Francophonie and the United Nations. History French colonization In 1643, the French East India Company came to Madagascar and built a fort in the southern town of Fort Dauphin (today known as Tôlanaro). For the next 30 years, the French maintained a fort there until 1674. Since then, many French pirates operated on the island and maintained homes on nearby Île Sainte-Marie. In 1883, the French government sent a military expedition to Madagascar which soon escalated into an armed conflict between the Malagasy and the French and became known as the Franco-Hova Wars, First Franco-Hova War (1893-1895). After the war, Madagascar became a French Protectorate. Soon a ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Submarine Communications Cables In The Indian Ocean
A submarine (or sub) is a watercraft capable of independent operation underwater. It differs from a submersible, which has more limited underwater capability. The term is also sometimes used historically or colloquially to refer to remotely operated vehicles and robots, as well as medium-sized or smaller vessels, such as the midget submarine and the wet sub. Submarines are referred to as ''boats'' rather than ''ships'' irrespective of their size. Although experimental submarines had been built earlier, submarine design took off during the 19th century, and they were adopted by several navies. They were first widely used during World War I (1914–1918), and are now used in many navies, large and small. Military uses include attacking enemy surface ships (merchant and military) or other submarines, and for aircraft carrier protection, blockade running, nuclear deterrence, reconnaissance, conventional land attack (for example, using a cruise missile), and covert insertion of spe ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Pamplemousses District
Pamplemousses () is a district of Mauritius, located in the north west of the island, and is one of the most densely populated parts of the island. The name of the district comes from the French word for grapefruits. The district has an area of 178.7 km2 and the population estimate was at 139,966 as of 31 December 2015. Places of interest The district hosts the SSR botanical garden, or Jardin Botanique Sir Seewoosagur Ramgoolam, renamed in 1988 in honor of the first prime minister of Mauritius. The garden was first constructed by Pierre Poivre (1719–1786) in 1770. The area is 25 hectares. The garden features spices, ebonies, sugar canes and many more. It also features lotuses as well as 85 varieties of palms from Central America, Asia, Africa and the islands around the Indian Ocean. The district is the home of the Pamplemousses SC local football team. Places The Pamplemousses District include different regions; however, some regions are further divided into diffe ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Arrondissement Of Saint-Denis, Réunion
The arrondissement of Saint-Denis is an arrondissement of France in the Réunion department in the Réunion region. It has three communes. Its population is 204,304 (2016), and its area is . Composition The communes of the arrondissement of Saint-Denis, and their INSEE codes, are: # Saint-Denis (97411) # Sainte-Marie (97418) # Sainte-Suzanne (97420) History At the creation of the department of Réunion in 1947, its only arrondissement was Saint-Denis. It lost 11 communes to the new arrondissement of Saint-Pierre in 1964, six communes to the new arrondissement of Saint-Benoît in 1968, and one commune to the new arrondissement of Saint-Paul in 1969. In September 2006 it lost the two communes of Le Port and La Possession to the arrondissement of Saint-Paul. As a result of the reorganisation of the cantons of France The cantons of France are territorial subdivisions of the France, French Republic's Departments of France, departments and Arrondissements of France, arrondi ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Atsinanana
Atsinanana is a coastal region in eastern Madagascar. It borders Analanjirofo region in the north, Alaotra-Mangoro in the west, Vakinankaratra and Amoron'i Mania in the southwest, and Vatovavy and Fitovinany in south. The region contains over 285km of coastline, which includes many beaches and cultural heritage sites. Atsinanana is known for its fish breeding and fishing near its ports, ore claims and mining activity, as well as its agriculture. The capital of the region is Toamasina, and the population was 1,484,403 in 2018. The area of Atsinanana is , almost exactly the same as its neighbor, Analanjirofo. The current governor of Atsinanana is Richard Théodore Rafidison. Administrative divisions Atsinanana Region is divided into seven districts, which are sub-divided into 82 communes. * Antanambao Manampotsy District - 5 communes * Mahanoro District - 11 communes * Marolambo District - 12 communes * Toamasina I District - 1 commune * Toamasina II District - 15 communes * V ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Cable Landing Point
A cable landing point is the location where a submarine or other underwater cable makes landfall. The term is most often used for the landfall points of submarine telecommunications cables and submarine power cables. The landing will either be direct (in the case of a point-to-point cable system) or via a branch from a main cable using a submarine branching unit. The branch can be several kilometres long. Selection criteria Cable landing points are usually carefully chosen to be in areas: # that have little marine traffic to minimise the risk of cables being damaged by ship anchors and trawler operations; # with gently sloping, sandy or silty sea-floors so that the cable can be buried to minimise the chance of damage; # without strong currents that would uncover buried cables and potentially move cables. Such locations are rare, and will usually be the shared landfall point for several cable systems. Associated facilities Frequently, there will be a nearby cable landing ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Sainte-Marie, Réunion
Sainte-Marie () is a commune in the French overseas department of Réunion. It is located on the north side of the island of Réunion, just east of, and adjacent to, the capital of Saint-Denis. Geography Climate Sainte-Marie has a tropical monsoon climate (Köppen climate classification ''Am'') closely bordering on a tropical savanna climate (''Aw''). The average annual temperature in Sainte-Marie is . The average annual rainfall is with February as the wettest month. The temperatures are highest on average in February, at around , and lowest in July, at around . The highest temperature ever recorded in Sainte-Marie was on 28 January 1993; the coldest temperature ever recorded was on 25 August 1991. Population Transport & Economy Reunion's main airport and the Air Austral headquarters are located in Sainte-Marie. There is also a small fishing harbour, a shopping-center and a brewery in the commune. Sister cities * Moka Flacq, (Mauritius), since 1992 [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
EASSy
The Eastern Africa Submarine Cable System (EASSy) is an undersea fibre optic cable system connecting countries in Eastern Africa to the rest of the world. EASSy runs from Mtunzini in South Africa to Port Sudan in Sudan, with landing points in nine countries and is connected to at least ten landlocked countries — which will no longer have to rely on satellite Internet access to carry voice and data services. EASSy was the highest capacity system serving sub-Saharan Africa until the commissioning of WACS. It has a 2 fibre-pair configuration with a design capacity of more than 10 terabit per second (Tbit/s). It is the first to deliver direct connectivity between east Africa and Europe / North America. It is the only system with built-in resilience end-to-end. EASSy interconnects with multiple international submarine cable networks for onward connectivity to Europe, the Americas, the Middle East and Asia. The project, partially funded by the World Bank, was initiated in ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
