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LEX (sounding Rocket)
LEX (French: Lithergol EXpérimentale) was a French experimental Hybrid-propellant rocket, hybrid-propellant sounding rocket, developed by ONERA. It had the objective of testing a ''lithergol'' fueled rocket engine (an hybrid mixture of Solid-propellant rocket, solid and Liquid-propellant rocket, liquid propellants - Nylon-metatoluidine, tolueneamine as fuel and mixture of nitric acid and nitrogen tetroxide as Oxidizing agent, oxidizer). It was the first rocket in history to use this technology, flying 8 times between 1964 and 1967. The rocket had a single stage with a thrust of 10.00 kN (MT.27 hybrid rocket motor), a gross mass of 100 kg, a height of 3.40 m, and a diameter of 0.16 m, reaching an apogee of 130 km. Launches All LEX launches were carried out from CERES Ile du Levant. The first LEX-01 launch on 25 April 1964 was a partial success, with the payload consisting of a telemetry transmitter. Three LEX-02 rockets were fired on 1 June 1965. One of these ro ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
LEX French Sounding Rocket
Lex or LEX may refer to: Computing * Amazon Lex, a service for building conversational interfaces into any application using voice and text * LEX (cipher), a stream cipher based on the round transformation of AES * Lex (software), a computer program that generates lexical analyzers * lex (URN), a URN namespace that allows accurate identification of laws and other legal norms Music * ''L.E.X.'', the third studio album by Liverpool Express * "Lex", a song from Ratatat's 2006 album Classics (Ratatat album), ''Classics'' * Lex (album), ''Lex'' (album), a mini-album and partial soundtrack by Portland, Oregon duo Visible Cloaks * Lex Records, an independent record label People and fictional characters * Lex (given name) * Lex (surname) * Lex Luger, ring name of American professional wrestler Lawrence Pfohl (born 1958) * Lex Steele, stage name of American pornographic actor Clifton Britt (born 1969) Places * Lex, West Virginia, an unincorporated community * Lexington Avenue, a street ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Oxidizing Agent
An oxidizing agent (also known as an oxidant, oxidizer, electron recipient, or electron acceptor) is a substance in a redox chemical reaction that gains or " accepts"/"receives" an electron from a (called the , , or ''electron donor''). In other words, an oxidizer is any substance that oxidizes another substance. The oxidation state, which describes the degree of loss of electrons, of the oxidizer decreases while that of the reductant increases; this is expressed by saying that oxidizers "undergo reduction" and "are reduced" while reducers "undergo oxidation" and "are oxidized". Common oxidizing agents are oxygen, hydrogen peroxide, and the halogens. In one sense, an oxidizing agent is a chemical species that undergoes a chemical reaction in which it gains one or more electrons. In that sense, it is one component in an oxidation–reduction (redox) reaction. In the second sense, an oxidizing agent is a chemical species that transfers electronegative atoms, usually oxygen, t ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Rockets And Missiles
A rocket (from , and so named for its shape) is a vehicle that uses jet propulsion to accelerate without using any surrounding air. A rocket engine produces thrust by reaction to exhaust expelled at high speed. Rocket engines work entirely from propellant carried within the vehicle; therefore a rocket can fly in the vacuum of space. Rockets work more efficiently in a vacuum and incur a loss of thrust due to the opposing pressure of the atmosphere. Multistage rockets are capable of attaining escape velocity from Earth and therefore can achieve unlimited maximum altitude. Compared with airbreathing engines, rockets are lightweight and powerful and capable of generating large accelerations. To control their flight, rockets rely on momentum, airfoils, auxiliary reaction engines, gimballed thrust, momentum wheels, deflection of the exhaust stream, propellant flow, spin, or gravity. Rockets for military and recreational uses date back to at least 13th-century China. Significa ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Onera Sounding Rockets
The Office National d'Études et de Recherches Aérospatiales ( English: National office for aerospace studies and research) or ONERA, dubbed ''The French Aerospace Lab'' in English, is the French national aerospace research center. Originally founded as the ''Office National d’Études et de Recherches Aéronautiques'' (National Office for Aeronautical Studies and Research) in 1946, it was relabeled in 1963. It is France's leading research center in aerospace and defense. It covers all disciplines and technologies in the field. Numerous high-profile French and European aerospace programs have passed through the ONERA since its creation including the Ariane family of launch vehicles, the Concorde supersonic airliner, the Dassault Mirage family of fighter aircraft and the Rafale, the Dassault Falcon family of business jets, Aérospatiale and later Airbus projects, missiles, engines, radars and many more. Under the supervision of the Ministry of the Armed Forces, it is a publ ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
French Space Program
The French space program includes both commercial spaceflight, civil and military spaceflight activities. It is the third oldest national space program in the world, after the Soviet space program, Soviet (now Roscosmos, Russian) and Space policy of the United States, American space programs, and the largest space program in Europe. Background Space travel has long been a significant ambition in French culture. From the Gobelins Manufactory, Gobelins' 1664 tapestry representing a space rocket, to Jules Verne's 1865 novel ''From the Earth to the Moon'' and George Méliès' 1902 film ''A Trip to the Moon'', space and rocketry were present in French society long before the technological means appeared to allow the development of a space exploration program. During the late 18th century, Jean-François Pilâtre de Rozier, Jacques Charles and the Montgolfier brothers are seen as worldwide precursors and explorers of aeronautics, with the world record altitude then reached by a human a ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Mélanie (rocket)
Mélanie is a French solid rocket motor, 16 cm in diameter, initially used as first stage of the Monica rocket. There are two versions, Mélanie and ''"2Mélanie"'' (exact name unknown) : The first version was used on Monica I, II and IVA; while the improved ''"2Melanie"'', with twice the propellant, was used on Monica III, IVB and V. Melanie was later used in several ATEF and ONERA rockets. In the ONERA rockets, such as Daniel, Antarès and Berenice, Melanie was placed inside a 22 cm diameter cylindrical housing. This version delivered a total impulse of 48 kN.s with about 22 kilograms of propellant. See also * Bèrènice * Antarès (OPd-56-39-22D) * Veronique (rocket) * French space program The French space program includes both commercial spaceflight, civil and military spaceflight activities. It is the third oldest national space program in the world, after the Soviet space program, Soviet (now Roscosmos, Russian) and Space policy ... References ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Bérénice (rocket)
Bérénice was the designation of a four-stage French atmospheric reentry test rocket, developed by O.N.E.R.A. (''Office National d'Etudes et de Recherches Aérospatiales''). Description Bérénice was long, possessed a diameter of and weighed at launch. The takeoff thrust of Bérénice, which could carry a payload of to a height of , amounted to . The first stage, a SEPR-739 ''Stromboli'', was stabilised by four SEPR-P167 rockets developing . The second stage consisted of a SEPR-740 ''Stromboli'', almost identical to the first stage. The third stage was a SEPR-P200 ''Tramontane'' and the fourth stage comprised a '' Mélanie'' rocket and payload. Launches The twelve production rockets, Bérénice 001 to Bérénice 012, were launched by ONERA from Ile du Levant from 1962 to 1966. See also * Tibère (rocket) * Antarès (OPd-56-39-22D) * Mélanie (rocket) * Veronique (rocket) * French space program The French space program includes both commercial spaceflight, c ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
CERES Ile Du Levant
CERES ("Centre d'Essais et de Recherches d'Engins Spéciaux" for "''Special Weapons Research and Tests Center"'') Ile du Levant was a French suborbital rocket launch site, located at Levant Island, Ile du Levant, and active between 1956 and 1968. CERES played a pivotal role in testing a wide array of tactical missiles used in France, as well as conducting tests for sounding rockets on behalf of CNES and European Space Research Organisation, ESRO. Additionally, the center was involved in experiments with ONERA and Société d'étude et de réalisation d'engins balistiques, SEREB experimental vehicles, solidifying its significance in the realm of missile research and testing. History In the early 1950s, a military missile test site was established at the French naval base on the Ile du Levant, an offshore island in the Mediterranean near Toulon. Known as CERES, it replaced a beach site at Pampelonne used for launches since 1948. This facility served as a Naval Air Force base thro ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
