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Kukurá Language
Kukurá (Cucurá, Kokura) is a spurious language, fabricated by an interpreter in Brazil. History When Alberto Vojtěch Frič visited Rio Verde, Brazil, in 1901 he took with him a Kainguá Indian called Guzmán who said he spoke the language of the local ''Chavante'' people. A word list was published for the so-called Kukurá language, thought to be an isolate, in 1931. In 1932 Curt Nimuendajú, who had visited the Rio Verde in 1909 and 1913, showed that Guzmán's wordlist consisted half of fake words and half of mispronounced Guaraní. There was no resemblance to the Ofayé language The Ofayé or Opaye language, also ''Ofaié-Xavante, Opaié-Shavante'', forms its own branch of the Macro-Jê languages. It is spoken by only a couple of the small Ofayé people, though language revitalization efforts are underway. Grammatical d ... that was actually spoken in the region. Vocabulary Loukotka (1968) lists the following basic vocabulary items for the spurious language. : Re ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Alberto Vojtěch Frič
Alberto Vojtěch Frič (, 8 September 1882 Prague – 4 December 1944 Prague) was a famous Czech botanist, ethnographer, writer and explorer. He undertook 8 voyages to America, discovered, described and catalogued many species of cactus. South American Indians called him ''Karaí Pukú'' (engl. Long Hunter); in Europe he became known as Cactus Hunter. Credited * ''Lophophora fricii'' * ''Stenocereus fricii'' * ''Cleistocactus strausii var. fricii'' * '' Notocactus fricii'' synonymum ''Malacocarpus fricii'', ''Wigginsia fricii'' * ''Airampoa'' * '' Chaffeyopuntia'' * '' Pseudotephrocactus'' * '' Salmiopuntia'' * ''Subulatopuntia ''Opuntia'', commonly called prickly pear or pear cactus, is a genus of flowering plants in the cactus family (biology), family Cactaceae. Prickly pears are also known as ''tuna'' (fruit), ''sabra'', ''nopal'' (paddle, plural ''nopales'') from t ...'' * '' Weberiopuntia'' References See also * Kukurá language Czech botanists Czech mal ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Spurious Languages
Spurious languages are languages that have been reported as existing in reputable works, while other research has reported that the language in question did not exist. Some spurious languages have been proven to not exist. Others have very little evidence supporting their existence, and have been dismissed in later scholarship. Others still are of uncertain existence due to limited research. Below is a sampling of languages that have been claimed to exist in reputable sources but have subsequently been disproved or challenged. In some cases a purported language is tracked down and turns out to be another, known language. This is common when language varieties are named after places or ethnicities. Some alleged languages turn out to be hoaxes, such as the Kukurá language of Brazil or the Taensa language of Louisiana. Others are honest errors that persist in the literature despite being corrected by the original authors; an example of this is ', the name given in 1892 to two ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Alberto Fric 1901
Alberto is the Romance version of the Latinized form (''Albertus'') of Germanic ''Albert''. It is used in Italian, Portuguese and Spanish. The diminutive forms are ''Albertito'' in Spain or ''Albertico'' in some parts of Latin America, Albertino in Italian as well as ''Tuco'' as a hypocorism. It derives from the name Adalberto which in turn derives from ''Athala'' (meaning noble) and ''Berth'' (meaning bright). People * Alberto Aguilar Leiva (born 1984), Spanish footballer * Alberto Airola (born 1970), Italian politician * Alberto Ascari (1918–1955), Italian racing driver * Alberto Baldonado (born 1993), Panamanian baseball player * Alberto Bello (1897–1963), Argentine actor * Alberto Beneduce (1877–1944), Italian scientist and economist * Alberto Bustani Adem (born 1954), Mexican engineer * Alberto Callaspo (born 1983,) baseball player * Alberto Campbell-Staines (born 1993), Australian athlete with an intellectual disability * Alberto Cavalcanti (1897–1982), Braz ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Pai Tavytera People
The Pai Tavytera are an indigenous people of Paraguay and Brazil. They primarily live in Amambay Department in Paraguay and the Brazilian state of Mato Grosso do Sul. Name The Pai Tavytera are also known as the Ava, Caaguá, Caingua, Caiwá, Kaa'wa, Kainguá, Kaiowá, Kaiwá, Kayova, Montese, Paï, Paï-Cayuä, Paï-Tavyterä, Paingua, Pan, and Tavytera people. "Paï-Tavytera" is an arbitrary name given to northern Guaraní people of eastern Paraguay. They are closely related to the Guarani-Kaiowá people of Brazil. Language The Pai Tavytera speak the Pai Tavytera language, which is a Tupi-Guarani language, division Guarani I. The tribe is rapidly adopting the more mainstream Guarani language."Pai Tavytera." ''Ethnologue.'' Retrieved 17 Jan 2013. History The Pai Tavytera are mostly likely the desce ...[...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Chavante
The Xavante (also Shavante, Chavante, Akuen, A'uwe, Akwe, Awen, or Akwen) are an indigenous people, comprising 15,315 individuals within the territory of eastern Mato Grosso state in Brazil. They speak the Xavante language, part of the Jê language family. History They were enslaved in the 18th century, after which they have tried to avoid contact. A temporary coexistence with westernized society in the 19th century in the state of Goiás,Giccaria, Bartolomeu. Xavante: Povo Autêntico. Editora Salesiana Dom Bosco, 1984, p. 35 was followed by withdrawal to Mato Grosso (between 1830–1860). They were "re-discovered" during the 1930s. From 1946 to 1957, they were brought under Getúlio Vargas’ National Integration Program, but still experienced massacres and disease. Due to this history, they have a distrust of non-Xavante people. Today they are still wary of any approach of non-Xavante, called "waradzu". The Xavante leader Mário Juruna was the first indigenous Brazilian to b ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Curt Nimuendajú
Curt Unckel Nimuendajú (born Curt Unckel; 18 April 1883 – 10 December 1945) was a German- Brazilian ethnologist, anthropologist, and writer. His works are fundamental for the understanding of the religion and cosmology of some native Brazilian Indians, especially the Guaraní people. He received the surname "Nimuendajú" from the Apapocuva subgroup of the Guaraní people, meaning "the one who made himself a home", one year after living among them. Upon taking Brazilian citizenship in 1922, he officially added the Nimuendajú as one of his surnames. On his obituary, his Brazilian-German colleague called him "perhaps the greatest ''Indianista'' of all time". Life and work Nimuendajú was born in Wagnergasse 31, Jena, Germany in 1883 and he lost either one of or both his parents in his childhood. From an early age, he dreamed of living among a 'primitive people'. Still in school, together with other students they organized an 'Indian gang' to go hunting in the woods outside the ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Guarani Language
Guaraní (), specifically the primary variety known as Paraguayan Guarani ( "the people's language"), is a South American language that belongs to the Tupi–Guarani family of the Tupian languages. It is one of the official languages of Paraguay (along with Spanish), where it is spoken by the majority of the population, and where half of the rural population are monolingual speakers of the language. It is spoken by communities in neighboring countries, including parts of northeastern Argentina, southeastern Bolivia and southwestern Brazil, and is a second official language of the Argentine province of Corrientes since 2004; it is also an official language of Mercosur. Guaraní is one of the most widely spoken American languages, and remains commonly used among the Paraguayan people and neighboring communities. This is unique among American languages; language shift towards European colonial languages (in this case, the other official language of Spanish) has otherwise be ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Ofayé Language
The Ofayé or Opaye language, also ''Ofaié-Xavante, Opaié-Shavante'', forms its own branch of the Macro-Jê languages. It is spoken by only a couple of the small Ofayé people, though language revitalization efforts are underway. Grammatical descriptions have been made by the Pankararú linguist Maria das Dores de Oliveira (Pankararu), as well as by Sarah C. Gudschinsky and Jennifer E. da Silva, from the Universidade Federal do Mato Grosso do Sul. It was spoken on the Ivinhema River, Pardo River, and Nhandú River The Nhandú River ( pt, Rio Nhandú) is a river in the states of Pará and Mato Grosso, Brazil. It is a tributary of the Teles Pires. Course The Nhandú River flows southwest from Pará into Mato Grosso, where it is a right tributary of the Teles ... in Mato Grosso do Sul. ''Guachi'', spoken on the Vacaria River in Mato Grosso do Sul, is a dialect. Language contact Jolkesky (2016) notes that there are lexical similarities with the Macro-Mataguayo-Guaykuru ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Čestmír Loukotka
Čestmír Loukotka (12 November 1895 – 13 April 1966) was a Czechoslovak linguist. His daughter was Jarmila Loukotková. Career Loukotka proposed a Classification of indigenous languages of the Americas#Loukotka (1968), classification for the languages of South America based on several previous works. This classification contained a lot of unpublished material and was therefore superior to all previous classifications. He divided the languages of South America and the Caribbean into 77 different families, based upon similarities of vocabulary and available lists. His classification of 1968 is the most influential and was based upon two previous schemes (1935, 1944), which were similar to those proposed by Paul Rivet (whom he was a student of), although the number of families was increased to 94 and 114. References 1895 births 1958 deaths Linguists from the Czech Republic Paleolinguists Linguists of indigenous languages of the Americas 20th-century linguists { ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Linguistic Hoaxes
Linguistics is the scientific study of human language. It is called a scientific study because it entails a comprehensive, systematic, objective, and precise analysis of all aspects of language, particularly its nature and structure. Linguistics is concerned with both the cognitive and social aspects of language. It is considered a scientific field as well as an academic discipline; it has been classified as a social science, natural science, cognitive science,Thagard, PaulCognitive Science, The Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy (Fall 2008 Edition), Edward N. Zalta (ed.). or part of the humanities. Traditional areas of linguistic analysis correspond to phenomena found in human linguistic systems, such as syntax (rules governing the structure of sentences); semantics (meaning); morphology (structure of words); phonetics (speech sounds and equivalent gestures in sign languages); phonology (the abstract sound system of a particular language); and pragmatics (how social contex ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Languages Of Brazil
Portuguese is the official and national language of Brazil being widely spoken by most of the population. Brazil is the most populous Portuguese-speaking country in the world, being the only country colonized by the Portuguese in the Americas. Aside from Portuguese, the country has also numerous minority languages, including indigenous languages, such as Nheengatu (a descendant of Tupi), and languages of more recent European and Asian immigrants, such as Italian, German and Japanese. In some municipalities, those minor languages have official status: Nheengatu, for example, is an official language in São Gabriel da Cachoeira, while a number of German dialects are official in nine southern municipalities. Hunsrik (also known as ''Riograndenser Hunsrückisch'') is a Germanic language also spoken in Argentina, Paraguay and Venezuela, which derived from the ''Hunsrückisch'' dialect. Hunsrik has official status in Antônio Carlos and Santa Maria do Herval, and is recognized ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Indigenous Languages Of South America
The indigenous languages of South America are those whose origin dates back to the pre-Columbian era. The subcontinent has great linguistic diversity, but, as the number of speakers of indigenous languages is diminishing, it is estimated that it could become one of the least linguistically diverse regions of the planet. About 600 indigenous languages are known from South America, Central America, and the Antilles (see List of indigenous languages of South America), although the actual number of languages that existed in the past may have been substantially higher. Origins The indigenous languages of South America, Central America and the Antilles completely covered the subcontinent and the Antilles at the beginning of the 16th century. The estimates of the total population are very imprecise, ranging between ten and twenty million inhabitants. At the beginning of 1980, there were about 16 million speakers of indigenous languages; three quarters of them lived in the Central And ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
